Aulopiformes

Synod variegatus

The lizard fish relatives ( Aulopiformes ) are an order of mostly small, predatory living True bonefish ( Teleostei ). They live close to the ground in sea and brackish water, but most of them in the deep sea.

Features

Eidechsenfisch relatives are always more or less elongated fish with a large mouth and a forked tail fin. You can reach body lengths between 1.6 cm ( Lestidiops pacificus ) and 2.15 meters ( Alepisaurus ferox ). In most cases a fatty fin is present. Allen Eidechsenfisch relatives lack the swim bladder. As a derived feature special gill rakers that distinguish the Eidechsenfisch relatives from all other genuine bony fish are. The second Pharyngobranchiale, the top bone of the second branchial arch is posteriolateral significantly extended and pointing away from the third Pharyngobranchiale. The second Epibranchiale, the second bone from the top of the second branchial arch, is the second Pharyngobranchiale connected and has set a long, hook-like, curved extension. Maxilla and supratemporal ( a skull bone ) are dentate. Urale and rearmost praeurale vertebrae ( vertebrae of the tail spine) are not fused together.

Way of life

All Eidechsenfisch relatives are sea creatures that most species live in the deep sea. The types of families Flag -finned fishes ( Aulopidae ), green eyes ( Chlorophthalmidae ), compound eyes fish ( Ipnopidae ) and lizard fish ( Synodontidae ) are bottom dwellers, all other living pelagic or bathypelagic. Most lizards fish relatives are Hermaphroditien, so have functional male and female gonads.

Outer systematics

The Eidechsenfisch relatives are the sister group of the Ctenosquamata, a high taxon ( a systematic group ) of the genuine bony fish to the lantern Fishy ( Myctophiformes ) and the Acanthomorpha include ( the thorn -bearing bones fish). The following cladogram shows the systematic position of the lizardfish relatives:

Tiefseequappenartige ( Ateleopodiformes )

Eidechsenfisch Related ( Aulopiformes )

Lantern Fishy ( Myctophiformes )

Acanthomorpha

Inside systematics

The internal classification of Eidechsenfisch relatives is not without controversy. The following two systems are presented. The first representative of the Canadian ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson in his standard work on fish systematics Fishes of the World, was erected by Baldwin and Johnson and modified by the Japanese Sato & Nakabo. It is based on morphological comparisons, and also includes extinct taxa with a. The second takes into account the morphology and data from DNA analyzes.

  • Subordination Synodontoidei Paraulopidae
  • Flag -finned fishes ( Aulopidae )
  • Pseudotrichonotidae
  • Lizard fish ( Synodontidae )
  • Bathysauroididae
  • Green eyes ( Chlorophthalmidae )
  • Bathysauropsidae
  • Notosudidae
  • Compound eyes fish ( Ipnopidae )
  • Pearl eyes ( Scopelarchidae )
  • Saber-toothed fish ( Evermannellidae )
  • Lance fish ( Alepisauridae )
  • Barrakudinas ( Paralepididae )
  • Hammer jaw fish ( Omosudidae )
  • Cimolichthyidae †
  • Enchodontidae †
  • Deep-sea lizard fish ( Bathysauridae )
  • Telescope fish ( Giganturidae )
  • Halecidae †
  • Ichthyotringidae †
  • Dercitidae †
  • Prionolepidae †
  • Subordination Aulopoidei sensu nov. Lizard fish ( Synodontidae )
  • Flag -finned fishes ( Aulopidae )
  • Pseudotrichonotidae
  • Paraulopidae
  • Superfamily Ipnopoidea Epifamilie Giganturoidae sensu nov. Telescope fish ( Giganturidae )
  • Deep-sea lizard fish ( Bathysauridae )
  • Bathysauroididae
  • Bathysauropsidae
  • Compound eyes fish ( Ipnopidae )
  • Green eyes ( Chlorophthalmidae )
  • Notosudidae
  • Pearl eyes ( Scopelarchidae )
  • Saber-toothed fish ( Evermannellidae )
  • Sudidae ( Sudis )
  • Lance fish ( Alepisauridae ) sensu nov. ( Anotopterus, Magnisudis, Omosudis )
  • Barrakudinas ( Paralepididae ) sensu nov. ( - Anotopterus, Magnisudis, Sudis )

The following cladogram shows the kinship relations by Davis:

Pseudotrichonotidae

Flag -finned fishes ( Aulopidae )

Lizard fish ( Synodontidae )

Paraulopidae

Deep-sea lizard fish ( Bathysauridae )

Bathysauroididae

Telescope fish ( Giganturidae )

Bathysauropsidae

Compound eyes fish ( Ipnopidae )

Green eyes ( Chlorophthalmidae )

Notosudidae

Pearl eyes ( Scopelarchidae )

Saber-toothed fish ( Evermannellidae )

Sudidae ( Sudis )

Lance fish ( Alepisauridae )

Barrakudinas ( Paralepididae )

Fossil record

In contrast to many other teleost orders the Eidechsenfisch relatives have a rich fossil record. Especially from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon are numerous forms are known which are often not so much elongated as recent Eidechsenfisch relatives, but more have a herring or salmon -like shape. These taxa were often placed in their own suborder, the Enchodontoidei, however, does not represent a monophyletic group.

Variegated lizardfish Taxonomic rank#All ranks Genealogical DNA test Paraulopus Pseudotrichonotus Bathysauropsis Pearleye Cimolichthys Sudis (genus) FishBase Digital Object Identifier
89965
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