Enns (river)
BW
The Enns is a southern tributary of the Danube in Austria. It is 254 km ( older sources 320 km ), the longest inland river in Austria and forms in the lower reaches the border of the provinces of Upper and Lower Austria. Their mean runoff is there about 200 m³ / s, so that already in the early 20th century, some hydropower plants were built.
In the upper reaches, the river Enns one of the major valleys of the Eastern Alps is - see also Salzach and Inn - while the geological boundary between the crystalline Central Alps and the Northern Limestone Alps.
Geography
Lower Enns, Danube estuary
The source of the river Enns ( " Enns - origin " ) is located in the province of Salzburg in the Radstadt Tauern ( Low Tauern, part of the Central Alps ) at the foot of Kraxenkogels to about 1750 m above sea level. A.. , The young, flowing to the north- east slope of the Central Alps of the Enns joins after about 5 km by coming from the southeast Pleißlingbach and flows through the Flachauer valley northward, following.
The northern edge of the Central Alps it reaches the entrance to an open valley landscape near Altenmarkt im Pongau, Radstadt, the so-called Altenmarkt- Radstadt pool, where they head east and flows along the border between the Northern Alps and the Lower Tauern towards Styria. The lying to the east of the province of Salzburg region on the upper Enns and its tributaries is called Ennspongau. From the Styrian Enns Valley Mandlingpass begins with the larger towns (from west to east) Schladming, Stainach, Irdning, Liezen and Admont. Both the Altenmarkt- Radstadt Basin and the Styrian Enns valley -wide belong to the northern longitudinal structure of the Eastern Alps, called the Inn -Salzach -Enns furrow. This partly follows one of the major geological faults in the eastern Alps, the Salzach - Enns - Mariazell - Puchberg Disorder ( SEMP ). While the landscape with the relatively high mountains of the Radstadt Tauern of limestone and Verrucano is south and the area covered by forest and meadows crests of the Salzburg Slate Alps north of the Enns characteristic in Ennspongau, the geomorphological conditions are the following 100 kilometers through Styria reversed: in the north rise the rugged mountains of the Northern Limestone Alps and gentle shaped terrain, in addition to shale underlain by Quarzphylliten and Phylloniten, located south of the river. There, the Enns happened the Dachstein Massif, the Grimmig floor and the Dead Mountains on the southern side, respectively, before finally fully enters at Admont in the Alps. Between Admont and Hieflau the Enns breaks through in an approximately 15 km long gorge, the Gesäuse, first the limestone massif of the Alps Ennstaler ( Gesäuseberge ).
She then turns to the north in Landltal, takes the waters of one of its two main tributaries, the Salza, and forms a gap through the limestone Alps, the Upper Austrian Enns Valley is named. The region of Upper Austria it reached at the confluence of Laussabachs. Here lie to the left of the river the Reichraminger Hintergebirge, right Ybbstaler the Alps and the Eisenwurzen, mountain scenery, take the increasingly pre-alpine character.
To the old iron town of Steyr, the Enns river forms the border between Upper Austria and Lower Austria. In Steyr Steyr river, the second largest tributary flows. There, the Enns finally leaves the Alps and enters the foothills of the Alps.
Before the Alps, it forms the lower reaches of the gentle and relatively short Lower Enns Valley in Traun -Enns Riedelland. A few kilometers north of the city of Enns empties the meantime about 100 m wide river at Mauthausen and the Danube.
The Enns is over long distances, a typical white-water river. She has worked with 6084 km ² ( 5940 km ² according to Sikora 1988), the fifth largest catchment area in Austria. The water flow is on average run at Admont annual average about 80 cubic meters per second, at the mouth of more than 200 m³ / s
- Over the Enns
Styrian Enns at home
In Liezen
To Admont
In Gesäuse ( 1900)
The Landltal (1837 )
Upper Austria Enns at Kleinreifling
Steyr Steyr Estuary at
Ennsstausee Staning
Ennsmündung in the Danube
History
The lower reaches of the river Enns formed from the 6th century until the establishment of the "Land ob der Enns " (Upper Austria ), the eastern boundary of the original Duchy of Bavaria. The area of the lower Enns initially belonged to Traungau, then formed around the commercial city of Steyr Steyr Mark, was southward proselytized in successively in the Slavic area and also land acquisition took place, as the Namesgut shows, probably largely peaceful and for a long time side by side. First was Admont today major landowners, the center, later Graz, which during the Middle Ages and early modern times the name on the upper Inner Austria, the Duchy Steyer, today's Styria passed. At the same time she was also the eastern border of Bavaria came to the developing Duchy of Austria, to the successive Bavarian areas, and was then for many centuries the border between the Austrian parts of the country Austria above the Enns and Austria below the Enns. With the growth of Styria and Carinthia was also the missionary on the upper reaches of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, sovereign spiritual kingdom principality, which then in 1803 came to the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria, successively territories to Austria from. The town of Radstadt, which calls itself the " always faithful ", but always remained the Salzburg so that the upper course is still one of the federal state of Salzburg.
The Ennsvalley was from time immemorial one of the main routes of Alpine transit, which raise many places in and around the Ennsgebiet important trade and transportation resorts. Since the Bronze Age, the trade of the Salzkammergut salt was south of importance. Since the Middle Ages the Enns was one of the major inner-Austrian transit regions. In particular, the iron of the Erzberg over the Enns was spread over the centuries, so that the hardware industry developed here and in the neighboring Eisenwurzen that one of the main economic pillars of the Habsburg monarchy ( " armory of the Emperor "). From the High Middle Ages were gradually Enns and many Ennszubringer for timber production for the iron industry developed ( Klaus weirs and wood rakes ).
Mid-19th century began to be obtained by channeling on the 70 km stretch between Weissenbach and the Gesäuse agricultural and forestry land. Home to some of wetland remnants have received as a major nature reserves.
A total of five power plants with a total capacity of 146 MW by the STEWEAG as well as at the Enns Upper Austria were built ten power plants with a total capacity of 408 MW by the Ennskraftwerke AG at the Styrian Enns.
During the reconstruction period that the average Enns of course the dreaded guest worker route, with the construction of the highway- on the upper reaches and the Pyhrn motorway that cuts directs the traffic to the Enns Valley, the room was traffic-calmed somewhat and is, according to since the traffic in the Balkans the EU enlargements over the plains of the Danube region leads, nurmehr of something regionalerem character, for direct Eastern Alps, between Bavaria, Slovenia and Northern Italy.
Thus, the Enns is a central region of Upper Austria, Styria and Salzburg ', as well as Lower Austrian history, and the history of Central Europe.
Larger towns on the river
In Salzburg
- Flachau
- Altenmarkt im Pongau
- Radstadt
In Styria
- Schladming
- House in Enns
- Groebming
- Liezen
- Admont
- Selzthal
In Upper Austria
Power plants
- Gstatterboden (military power plant)
- Hieflau with underground storage Wag
- Mooslandl with weir Wandau
- Krippau with weir Großreifling
- Altenmarkt with weir Essling
- Schönau
- Weyer
- Großraming
- Loose stone
- Ternberg
- Rosenau
- Garsten - Ortisei
- Staning
- Mühlrading
- St. Pantaleon with weir Thurndorf
- Auxiliary military Enns
Inflows
Large inflows are the Paltental, the Salza and in the lower reaches the Steyr.
Traffic
Through the Upper Enns Valley is an important transit route runs from Germany to Slovenia. In the section between Hieflau Enns and the iron road, takes place in the steelworks in Linz along the transport ore from the Erzberg runs.