Jharkhand
Jharkhand (Hindi: झारखंड, Jharkhand, [ ʤ ʰ ɑ ː rk ʰ ʌɳɖ ] ) is an Indian state with an area of 79,722 km ² and 33 million inhabitants ( 2011 census ).
Capital is the industrial city of Ranchi. In Jharkhand are the most important coal mining areas of India. The highest mountain in Jharkhand is 1,365 m with the Parasnath, an important pilgrimage of the religious community of the Jainas.
- 2.1 demographics
- 2.2 languages
- 2.3 religions
Geography
Jharkhand borders the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh ( clockwise from the North).
Largest cities
(As of 2011 census )
Population
Demography
According to the 2011 census, Jharkhand has 32,966,238 inhabitants. The population density is 414 inhabitants per square kilometer, slightly higher than the all-India average. 24.1 % of the population live in cities Jharkhand. Among the population of the state make members of the tribal population ( Adivasis ) with 26.3 % ( 2001 census ), a significant minority of. The largest of the 30 counted in Jharkhand tribes are the Santal, Oraon, Munda, Ho, Kharia, Bhumij, Lohra and Kharwar.
Languages
According to the 2001 census, 57.7 percent of the population speak Jharkhand Hindi as their mother tongue. This is mostly to speakers of languages from the Bihari group ( and others Bhojpuri, Maithili, Khortha, Nagpuri, Kurmali and Panchpargania ). These closely related to the Hindi Regional languages are officially counted by the Indian government as Hindi dialects. Among Muslims Jharkhand is Urdu, the Muslim variant of Hindi, spread with 8.6 percent. In the border area with West Bengal and Orissa are Bengali ( 9.7 percent), and Oriya ( 1.7 percent), the respective languages of these states spoken. All the mentioned languages belong to the Indo-Aryan language group. Non - Indo-Aryan languages are prevalent among the tribal population. These include the Munda Santali ( 10.7 percent ), Mundari ( 3.2 percent ), Ho ( 2.9 percent) and Kharia (0.5 percent) and the Dravidian language Kurukh (3.2 percent).
The official language is Hindi Jharkhand. In addition, have since 2011 Bengali, Oriya, the Bihari dialects Nagpuri, Panchpargania, Khortha and Kurmali and tribal languages Santali, Ho, Kurukh, Mundari and Kharia the status of associate official languages. English is like all over India as transport and educational language omnipresent.
Religions
According to the 2001 census, 68.6 % of the population are Hindus Jharkhand, and there are minorities of Muslims ( 13.8%) and Christians ( 4.1%). A not inconsiderable share of 13.3 % attributable to other religions (mainly animist beliefs ). A large part of the tribal population practiced animism or is converted to Christianity.
History
The history of Jharkhand was long closely linked with the history of the neighboring today Bihar, from which it was spun off in 2000: Bihar was formed in the Middle Ages its own powerful empire and became in 1525 the kingdom of Delhi incorporated by this but in 1765 the British East India Company transferred. Bihar corresponded to the time of his situation after the old kingdom of Magadha ( with capital Pataliputra ), where the Founder of Buddhism BC first presented his theory in the 6th century and thus the oldest and long time was chief seat of the Buddhist religion. This fact owes the landscape its meaning. The most beautiful buildings and religious monuments adorned it; later they were forfeited, and the coated of creepers ruins were partially only with difficulty be found again, as Brahmanism, which since the 8th century AD displaced Buddhism here, destroyed all witnesses of the splendor of the former religion.
Policy
Jharkhand was formed on 15 November 2000 from the southern part of the state of Bihar.
In the region operate several Maoist underground organizations who struggle specify for the rights of poor farmers (see Naxalites ).
Acting Chief Minister of Jharkhand since the July 13, 2013 Hemant Soren of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha party regional ( JMM ). He leads a coalition government of the JMM, the Congress Party and the Rashtriya Janata Dal party ( RJD ). Previously, a coalition government of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP ) and the JMM had failed.
Administrative divisions
The state of Jharkhand is in the following 24 districts divided (population and population density according to the 2011 census ):