King of Italy
King of Italy (Latin Rex Italiae, Italian Re d' Italia ) is a title that led to the Italian peninsula since the fall of the Roman Empire several rulers. Between the 6th century and the taking of Rome under Victor Emmanuel II in 1870 but no king who ruled over Italy.
After the deposition of the Western Roman Emperor Romulus Augustulus 476 of skirische commander Odoacer by the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno as stewards of Italy ( Dux Italiae ) was recognized. He later described himself as king ( rex Italiae ), although he will continue to be understood ( Eastern ) Roman officer. 493 Odoacer was the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great defeated, which its ruling dynasty, the Amali, made them kings over Italy. The Ostrogothic dynasty ended in 552 with the conquest of Italy by the Byzantine Empire.
But already invaded by the Lombards under Alboin 568 in the peninsula and established again a Germanic empire south of the Alps. Your dominion extended over large parts of Italy, with the exception of the Exarchate of Ravenna and also the remaining Byzantine Duchies Rome, Venice, Naples and Calabria.
774 the Lombards were defeated by the Franks under the Great Karl and the Lombard king Desiderius deposed. Charlemagne took the Iron Crown the title Rex Langobardorum ( " King of the Lombards " ), who was with " King of Italy " is synonymous. In the following centuries this kingdom was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. The on Otto I. succeeding emperors were crowned on the road to coronation as emperor in Rome in the Lombard city of Pavia as King of Italy. However, this only covered the so-called kingdom in northern Italy, while in the south emerged a kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Naples. During the Renaissance, the title had become meaningless. After Charles V. no Emperor was crowned King of Italy, although he officially remained in existence until 1648.
1805 Napoleon Bonaparte was, by then President of the Italian Republic, crowned with the Iron Crown as head of the French satellite state called Kingdom of Italy in Milan Cathedral. This ceased with the abdication of Napoleon to exist in 1814. In the following decades there was no king of Italy more. Napoleon 1811 Napoleon Franz Bonaparte born son led until 1814 the title of King of Rome.
The title of King of Italy was reintroduced in connection with the unification of Italy as a nation state under the House of Savoy in 1861. 1946, the monarchy was abolished as a form of government by referendum and replaced by a republic.
Rex Italiae
- 476-493 Odoacer
Ostrogothic Kingdom
- 493-526 Theodoric the Great, de facto since 493, de jure since 497
- 526-534 Athalaric
- 534-536 Theodahad
- 536-540 Witichis
- 540-541 Hildebad
- 541 Erarich
- 541-552 Totila
- 552 Teja
Lombard Kingdom
Frankish kings of Italy
- 774-781 Charles I the Great, in personal union ( Carolingian )
- 781-810 Pippin, King
- 810-812 Charles I the Great, in personal union ( Carolingian ) ( 2nd time)
- 812-818 Bernhard, King
- 818-822 Louis I the Pious, in personal union
- 822-855 Lothar I, Emperor
- 855-875 Ludwig II, as king, emperor from 855
- 875-877 Charles II, the Bald, Emperor in personal union
- 877-879 Carloman, King
- 879-888 Charles III. the thickness, Emperor
- 888-889 Berengar I ( Unruochinger )
- 889-894 Guido of Spoleto, Kaiser ( Guidonen )
- 894-896 Lambert of Spoleto, Kaiser ( Guidonen )
- 896-899 Arnulf of Carinthia, Kaiser ( Carolingian )
- 899-905 Louis III. , The Blind, from 901 Kaiser ( Buviniden )
- 905-924 Berengar I, emperor from 915
- 924-926 Rudolf II, King ( Guelph )
- 926-945 Hugo I, King ( Bosoniden )
- 945-950 Lothar II, King ( Bosoniden )
- 950-961 Berengar II, King 960-961 Adalbert, whose son, co-regent
Kingdom of Italy in the Holy Roman Empire
- 951-973 Otto I, Emperor ( Liudolfinger ) in personal union
- 973-983 Otto II, Emperor ( Liudolfinger ) in personal union
- 983-1002 Otto III. , Kaiser ( Liudolfinger ) in personal union
- 1002-1004 Arduin of Ivrea, last " local " King of Italy until 1861
- 1004-1024 Henry II, Emperor ( Liudolfinger ) in personal union
- 1027-1039 Conrad II, emperor ( Salian ) in personal union
- 1046-1056 Henry III. , Kaiser ( Salian )
- 1084-1105 Henry IV, Emperor ( Salian )
- 1093-1098 Konrad ( III.), co-regent of his father ( Salian )
- 1111-1125 Henry V, Emperor ( Salian )
- 1128-1135 Konrad III. , Kaiser ( Staufer )
- 1154-1190 Frederick I, Emperor ( Staufer )
- 1191-1197 Henry VI. , Kaiser ( Staufer )
- 1208-1212 Otto IV, Emperor ( Guelph )
- 1311-1313 Henry VII, Emperor (Luxembourg )
- 1327-1347 Ludwig IV, Emperor ( Wittelsbach )
- 1355-1378 Charles IV, Emperor (Luxembourg )
- 1378-1400 Wenceslaus, Holy Roman German king (Luxembourg )
- 1410-1437 Sigismund, Holy Roman German king (Luxembourg )
- 1437-1439 Albrecht II, Holy Roman German king ( Habsburg )
- 1452-1493 Frederick III. , Emperor ( Habsburg )
- 1519-1556 Charles V, Emperor ( Habsburg ), was crowned in 1530 in Bologna as the last emperor to the king of Italy.