List of state leaders in 1863

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Africa

• Egypt Khedive ( Viceroy ): Muhammad Said ( 1854-1863 )
• Khedive ( Viceroy ) Ismail Pasha ( 1863-1867 )

• Ethiopia Kaiser: Theodore II (1855-1868)

• Buganda King, Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro King: Kyebambe IV (1852-1869)

• Burundi King: Mwezi Gisabo IV (1850-1908)

• Dahomey King: Glele (1856-1889)

• Liberia President: Stephen Allen Benson (1856-1864)

• Morocco Sultan Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)

• Orange Free State President: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1859-1863)

• Rwanda King: Kigeri IV (1853-1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate Caliph Ahmad bin Atiku (1859-1866)

• Republic of South Africa President: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1857-1863)

• Zulu King Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840-1872)

America

North America

• Confederate States of America ( disputed) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Jefferson Davis (1861-1865)

• Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Benito Juárez (1861-1864, 1867-1872)

• United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

Central America

• Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: ( temporarily ) José María Montealegre Fernández ( 1859-8. May 1863 )
• President Jesús Jiménez Zamora (May 8, 1863-1866, 1868-1870 )

• Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Antonio Pimentel (1861-1865)

• El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Gerardo Barrios ( 1859-26. October 1863 )
• President Francisco Dueñas (1852-1854, October 26th, 1863 to 1871 )

• Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Rafael Carrera y Turcios (1844-1848, 1851-1865)

• Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Fabre Geffrard (1859-1867)

• Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Francisco Montes Fonseca ( 1862-21. June 1863 )
• President José María Medina (June 21, 1863-1872 )

• Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Martínez (1857-1867)

South America

• Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bartolomé Mitre (1862-1868)

• Bolivia Heads of state and head of government: President Jose Maria de Achá (1861-1864)

• Brazil Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831-1889)

• Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Joaquín Pérez (1861-1871)

• Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Gabriel García Moreno (1859-1865)

• Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera ( 1861-10. February 1863 )
• President Froilán Largacha ( 10 February to 14 May 1863)
• President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera (May 14, 1863-1864 )

• Paraguay Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Solano López (1862-1870)

• Peru (disputed ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Miguel de San Román ( 1862-3. April 1863 )
• President Ramón Castilla ( April 3 to April 9 1863)
• (acting) Second Vice President Pedro Diez Canseco ( April 9 to August 5 1863)
• (acting) First Vice-President Juan Antonio Pezet (August 5, 1863-1865 )

• Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bernardo Prudencio Berro (1860-1864)

• Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Antonio Páez ( 1861-15. June 1863 )
• President Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1863-1868)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi Emir: Zayed I. (1855-1909)

• Ajman Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848-1872)

• Afghanistan Emir: Dost Muhammad Khan (1842-1863)
• Amir Shir Ali Khan (1863-1866)

• Bahrain Emir Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1842-1868)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ) Kaiser: Tongzhi (1861-1874)

• British India Viceroy: James Bruce (1862-1863)
• Robert Napier ( 1863) ( temporary)
• William Denison (1863-1864) (temporarily)

• Japan Kaiser: Komei (1846-1867)
• Shogun: ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Iemochi ( 1858-1866 )

• Korea King: Cheoljong (1849-1864)

• Kuwait Emir: Sabbah II (1859-1866)

• Oman Sultan: Thuwaini bin Said (1856-1866)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty ) Shah: Naser ad -Din Shah (1848-1896)

• Thailand King Mongkut, King of Thailand (1851-1868)

Australasia

• Hawaii King Kamehameha IV (. 1855-30 November 1863 )
• King Kamehameha V. (November 30, 1863-1872 )

Europe

• Abkhazia Prince: Mikheil Sharvashidze (1822-1864)

• Andorra Co - Prince: Emperor of France: Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
• Bishop of Urgell: Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851-1879)

• Belgium King Leopold I. (1831-1865)

• Denmark King, Frederick VII (1848-1863)
• King Christian IX. (1863-1906) Prime Minister: Carl Christian Hall (1860-1863)
• Prime Minister: Ditlev Gothard Monrad (1863-1864)

• German Bund Austria Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
• Prime Minister: Archduke Rainer of Austria (1861-1865)

• King: William I (1861-1888) Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (1862-1873)

• Duke: Karl Alexander (1834-1863)

• Duke Leopold IV (1817-1871)

• Grand Duke Friedrich I. (1856-1907)

• King Maximilian II (1848-1864)

• Duke Wilhelm (1831-1884)

• Mayor Arnold Duck joke (1857-1863) (1866-1869)
• Mayor: Johann Daniel Meier (1862-1865) (1868-1871)

• Mature Mayor: Samuel Gottlieb Müller ( 1849) (1860 ) ( 1863)

• Mayor: Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller (1863-1864) (1866-1867) (1870 ) ( 1873)

• King George V (1851-1866)

• Grand Duke Ludwig III. (1848-1877)

• Landgraf: Ferdinand (1848-1866)

• Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1847-1866)

• Duke Frederick II (1848-1863)
• Duke Christian II (1863-1864)

• Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

• Prince Leopold III. (1851-1873)

• Mayor: Karl Ludwig Roeck (1855-1856) (1859-1860) (1863-1864) (1867-1868)

• Grand Duke Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1842-1883)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1860-1904)

• Duke: Adolf I (1839-1866)

• Grand Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853-1900)

• Prince Heinrich XXII. (1859-1902) until 1867 under guardianship
• Regent: Caroline of Hesse- Homburg (1859-1867)

• Prince Heinrich LXVII. (1854-1867)

• King Johann (1854-1873)

• Duke Ernst I. (1853-1908)

• Duke Ernst II (1844-1893)

• Duke Bernhard II (1803-1866)

• Grand Duke Carl Alexander (1853-1901)

• Prince: Adolf I Georg (1860-1893)

• Prince Friedrich Günther (1807-1867)

• Prince Günther Friedrich Karl II (1835-1880)

• Prince Georg Viktor (1845-1893)

• King: William I (1816-1864)

• France Emperor Napoleon III. (1851-1870)

• Greece King: George I (1863-1913)

• Italy King, Victor Emmanuel II (1861-1878)

• Monaco Prince Charles III. (1856-1889)

• Montenegro ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860-1918) ( from 1910 king)

• Neutral Moresnet Ruler: Leopold I, King of Belgium (1831-1865)
• King: William I (1861-1888)
• Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859-1882)

• Netherlands King Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• Norway King Charles IV (1859-1872) (. Identical to Charles XV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Turkey: Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876)

• Portugal King: Ludwig I (1861-1889)

• Romania Prince Alexander John I (1862-1866) Prime Minister Mihail Kogălniceanu (October 11, 1863-1865 )

• Russia Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)

• Sweden King Karl XV. (1859-1872) (identical to Charles IV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Serbia ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Mihailo Obrenović (1839-1842) (1860-1868)

• Spain Queen Isabella II (1833-1868)

• Hungary King Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)

• United Kingdom Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
• Prime Minister: Henry John Temple (1859-1865)