List of state leaders in 1918

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Ethiopia Empress: Zauditu (1916-1930)

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel E. Howard (1912-1920)

South Africa Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Sydney Buxton (1914-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Louis Botha (1910-1919)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire ( 1916-1921 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911-1920)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Venustiano Carranza (1914-1920)

Newfoundland Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Charles A. Harris (1917-1922)
Head of government: Prime Minister William F. Lloyd (5 January 1917-1919 )

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Central America

Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: General Federico Tinoco Granados (1917-1919)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: Federico Henriquez (1916-1922)

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Meléndez ( 1915-21. December 1918 )
(acting) Alfonso Quinonez Molina (21 December 1918-1919 )

Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920)

Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave (1915-1922)

Honduras Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Bertrand (1913-1919)

Cuba Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mario García Menocal (1913-1921)

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (1917-1921)

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ramón Maximiliano Valdés ( 1916-3. June 1918 )
(acting) Ciro Luis Urriola ( 3 June to 1 October 1918)
(acting) Pedro Antonio Díaz ( 1 October to 12 October 1918)
President Belisario Porras Barahona (12 October 1918-1920 )

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan (1916-1922)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Gutiérrez Guerra (1917-1920)

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: President Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes ( 1914-15. November 1918 )
President Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (15 November 1918)
(acting) Delfim Moreira (November 15, 1918-1919 )

Chile Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Luis Sanfuentes (1915-1920)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Alfredo Baquerizo (1916-1920)

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Vicente Concha (1914 - August 1918 )
President Marco Fidel Suárez ( August 1918-1921 )

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Franco (1916-1919)

Peru Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Pardo y Barreda (1915-1919)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President A. Feliciano Viera (1915-1919)

Venezuela Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Vicente Gómez (1915-1929)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907-1926)

China Head of state: President Feng Kuo -chang ( 1917-10. October 1918 )
President Xu Shichang (10 October 1918-1922 )
Head of government: (acting) Wang Shizhen ( 1917-20 February. , 1918 )
(acting) Qian Nengxun ( 20 February-23 March 1918)
Premier of the State Council Duan Qirui ( 23 March to 10 October 1918)
(acting) Qian Nengxun (10 October 1918-1919 )

British India Kaiser: George V (1910-1936)
Viceroy: Frederic Thesiger (1916-1921)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912-1926)
Head of government: Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake ( 1916-29. September 1918 )
Prime Minister Hara Takashi (September 29, 1918-1921 )

Nepal Head of state: King Tribhuvan (1911-1955)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901-1929)

Siam (now Thailand) Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910-1925)

Southwest Asia

Azerbaijan ( disputed)
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan Head of state: President Məhəmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə (1918-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Fätälikhan Hoylu (1918-1920)

Municipality of Baku Head of state: Chairman of the Council of People's Representatives Schahumjan Stepan (1918 )

Persia (now Iran) Head of state: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909-1925)
Head of government: Prime Minister Mostowfi ol Mamalek?
Prime Minister Samsam os- Saltaneh (? -5. August 1918 )
Prime Minister Vosough od- Dowleh (5 August 1918 -? )

Georgia (disputed ) Head of government: Prime Minister Noe Schordania (June 24, 1918-1921 )

Yemen Ruler Imam Yahya bin Muhammad (1918-1948)

Central Asia

Afghanistan Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Mongolia (disputed ) Head of state: Bogd Gegeen Dschebtsandampa (1911-1924)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sain Khan Nojon Shirindambyn Namnansiiren (1912-1919)

Tibet ( disputed) Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913-1933)

Australasia

Australia Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Ronald Munro -Ferguson (1914-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1915-1923)

New Zealand Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

Albania ( occupied ) Head of government: Prime Minister Abdullah Rushdi (1914-1918)
Prime Minister Turhan Pasha Përmeti (1918-1920)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Raymond Poincare (1913-1920)
Bishop of Urgell: Juan y Benlloch Vivó (1907-1919)

Belgium (busy ) Head of State: King Albert I (1909-1934)
Head of government: Prime Minister Charles de Broqueville ( 1911-1. June 1918 )
Prime Minister Gérard Cooreman ( 1 June to 21 November 1918)
Prime Minister Léon Delacroix (21 November 1918-1920 )

Bulgaria Head of state: Tsar Ferdinand I. ( 1908-3. October 1918 )
Tsar Boris III. (October 3, 1918-1943 )
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vasil Radoslawow ( 1913-21. June 1918 )
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Aleksandar Malinow ( 21 June to 28 November 1918)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Teodor Teodorow (November 28, 1918-1919 )

Denmark Head of state: King Christian X (1912-1947)
Head of government: Minister of State Carl Theodor Zahle (1913-1920)

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888-1918) Chancellor: Georg Graf von Hertling (1917-1918) Chancellor: Prince Max of Baden (October 3, 1918 - November 9, 1918 )

Duke Frederick II (1904-1918)
Duke: Eduard (April 21, 1918 - September 13, 1918 )
Duke Joachim Ernst (September 13, 1918 - November 12, 1918 ) Guardian: Prince Aribert of Anhalt (September 13, 1918 - November 12, 1918 )
Minister of State Ernst von Laue (1910-1918)

Grand Duke Frederick II (1907-1918) State Minister: Heinrich Freiherr von Bodman (1917-1918)

King Ludwig III. (1913-1918) Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Otto Ritter von Dandl (1917-1918)

Duke Ernst August (1913-1918)

Mayor: Hermann Hildebrand ( 1918)

Reichsstatthalter: Johann von Dallwitz (1914-1918)
Reichsstatthalter: Rudolf Schwander ( October 1918 - November 1918 ) State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Georg Freiherr von Tschammer and Quaritz (1916-1918)
State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Charles Hauss ( October 1918 - November 1918 )

First Mayor: Werner von Melle ( 1915) (1918 )

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892-1918) President of Total Ministry: Christian Ewald (1906-1918)

Prince Leopold IV (1905-1918)

Mayor: Emil Ferdinand Fehling (1917-1920)

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897-1918)

Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich VI. (1914-1918)
Locum Tenens: Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg -Schwerin (February 27, 1918 - November 14, 1918 )

Grand Duke Friedrich August II (1900-1918) Minister of State: Franz Friedrich Paul Ruhstrat (1916-1918)

King William II (1888-1918) Prime Minister: Georg Michaelis (July 14, 1917 - November 1, 1917 )
Prime Minister: Georg Graf von Hertling (1917-1918)
Prime Minister: Prince Max of Baden (October 3, 1918 - November 9, 1918 )

Prince Heinrich XXIV (1902-1918) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. ( Reuss Younger Line ) ( 1908-1918 )

Prince Heinrich XXVII. ( Reuss Younger Line ) ( 1913-1918 )

King Friedrich August III. (1904-1918) Chairman of the Department: Heinrich Gustav Beck (1914-1918)
Chairman of the Department: Rudolf Heinze (October 26, 1918 - November 13, 1918 )

Duke Ernst II (1908-1918)

Duke Carl Eduard ( Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ) ( 1900-1918 )

Duke Bernhard III. (1914-1918)

Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901-1918)

Prince Adolf II (1911-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1890-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1909-1918)

Prince Friedrich (1893-1918)

King William II (1891-1918) President of the State Ministry: Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker (1906-1918)
President of the State Ministry: Theodor Read Ching (7 November 1918 - November 9, 1918 )

Head of Government: Chancellor Karl Renner (November 11, 1918-1920 )

Estonia Head of government: Prime Minister Konstantin Pats (24 February 1918-1919 )

Finland Head of government: State protector Pehr Evind Svinhufvud ( 1917-27. May 1918 )
State Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi ( 27 May to 27 November 1918)
Minister of State Lauri Ingman (November 27, 1918-1919 )

France Head of state: President Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Georges Clemenceau (1917-1920)

Greece Head of State: King Alexander I (1917-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1917-1920)

Italy Head of state: King Victor Emmanuel III. (1900-1946)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1917-1919)

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) Head of state: King Peter I (1 December 1918-1921 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Stojan Protić (1 December 1918-1919 )

Latvia Head of state: President Jānis Čakste (November 18, 1918-1927 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Karlis Ulmanis (November 18, 1918-1921 )

Liechtenstein Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

Lithuania Head of government: Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras ( 11 November-26 December 1918)
Prime Minister Mykolas Sleževičius (26 December 1918-1919 )

Luxembourg (busy ) Head of State: Grand Duchess Maria- Adelheid (1912-1919)
Head of government: Government Minister Léon Kauffman (1917-1918)
Government President Émile Reuter (1918-1925)

Monaco Prince Albert I (1889-1922) Head of government: Minister of State: Georges Jaloustre ( January-February 1918)
Minister of State: Raymond Le Bourdon (February 19, 1918-1923 )

Montenegro ( occupied ) Head of state: King Nikola (. 1860-1 December 1918 )
Military Governor-General: Major General Heinrich Count Clam - Martinic (. 1917-11 November 1918 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Evgenije Popovic ( 1917-1 December 1918. )

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Wilhelmina (1890-1948)
Head of government: Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden ( 1913-9. September 1918 )
Prime Minister Charles de Ruijs Beerenbrouck (September 9, 1918 to 1925 )

Norway Head of state: King Haakon VII (1906-1957)
Head of government: Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen (1913-1920)

Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) ruler: Sultan Mehmed V ( 1909-3. July 1918 )
Sultan Mehmed VI. (4 July 1918 to 1922 )

Austria - Hungary Head of State: Emperor Karl I (. 1916-11 November 1918 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Ernst Ritter Seidler of Feuchtenegg ( 1917-25. July 1918 )
Prime Minister Max Freiherr Hussarek Heinlein ( July 25 to October 27 1918)
Prime Minister Prof. Heinrich Lammasch ( 27 October-11 November 1918)

Poland Head of government: Prime Minister Jędrzej Moraczewski (November 18, 1918-1919 )

Portugal Head of state: President of the revolutionary junta Sidónio Pais ( 28 April to 14 December 1918)
(acting) João do Canto e Castro (December 16, 1918-1919 )
Head of government: General Sidónio Pais ( 1917-14. December 1918 )
General João do Canto e Castro ( December 14 to December 23 1918)
General João de Sousa Barbosa Tamagnini (23 December 1918-1919 )

Romania Head of state: King Ferdinand I (1914-1927)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu ( 1914-9 February. , 1918 )
Prime Minister Alexandru Averescu ( 9 February to 15 March 1918)
Prime Minister Alexandru Marghiloman ( 15 March to 24 October 1918)
Prime Minister Constantin Coandă ( 24 October-14 December 1918)
Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu (14 December 1918-1919 )

Russia Head of state: Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Yakov Sverdlov (1917-1919)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1917-1924)

San Marino Captains Regent: Angelo Manzoni Borghesi, Giuseppe Balducci ( 1917-1. April 1918 )
Ferruccio Martelli, Ermenegildo Mularoni ( 1 April to 1 October 1918)
Protogene Belloni, Francesco Morri (October 1, 1918-1919 )

Sweden Head of state: King Gustav V (1907-1950)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nils Edén (1917-1920)

Switzerland German President: Felix Calonder (1918 )
Federal: Gustave Ador, Felix Calonder, Camille Decoppet, Robert Haab, Giuseppe Motta, Eduard Müller, Edmund Schulthess

Serbia (busy ) Head of state: King Peter I (. 1903-1 December 1918 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Nikola Pašić ( 1912-1 December 1918. )

Spain Head of state: King Alfonso XIII. (1886-1931)
Head of government: Government President Manuel García Prieto ( 1917-22. March 1918 )
Government President Antonio Maura Montaner ( March 22 to November 9 1918)
Government President Manuel García Prieto ( 9 November to 5 December 1918)
Government President Álvaro Figueroa Torres (5 December 1918-1919 )

Czecho- Slovakia Head of state: President Tomáš Masaryk (November 14, 1918-1935 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Karel Kramář (14 November 1918-8 July 1919. )

Ukraine (busy April to November) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mychajlo Hruschewskyj ( 1917-29. April 1918 )
Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyj ( 29 April to 1 November 1918)
Speaker Volodymyr Wynnytschenko (November 13, 1918-1919 )

Hungary Heads of State and Head of Government: (provisional) President Count Mihály Károlyi (November 16, 1918-1919 )

United Kingdom Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Head of government: Prime Minister David Lloyd George Earl (1916-1922)

Belarus Head of State: Minister Jan Sierada (25 March 1918-1919 )

Zewditu I Daniel Edward Howard Druk Gyalpo British Raj Tribhuvan of Nepal Noe Zhordania Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din Albert I of Belgium Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Vasil Radoslavov Aleksandar Malinov Teodor Teodorov Christian X of Denmark Georg von Hertling Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt Eduard, Duke of Anhalt Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt Ludwig III of Bavaria Duchy of Brunswick Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick Bremen Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederick Augustus III of Saxony Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe Theodor Gottfried Liesching Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Peter I of Serbia Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein Albert I, Prince of Monaco Nicholas I of Montenegro Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Vladimir Lenin Volodymyr Vynnychenko

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