OpenDocument
Template: Infobox file format / Maintenance / Magic number missing template: Infobox file format / Maintenance / missing site
OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications (Short form:. OpenDocument, ODF - engl " Open Document Format for Office Applications" ) is an internationally standardized open-source standard for file formats of office documents such as text documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawings, pictures and diagrams.
OpenDocument uses for the actual document an XML-based markup language, the elements of which are based on the standard HTML. For mathematical formulas is a subset of MathML and formatting information is used its own XML-based language. OpenDocument can be supplemented with any other XML languages .
It was originally developed by Sun Microsystems, specified by the OASIS as a standard and published in 2006 as an international standard ISO / IEC 26300.
- 3.1 The general problem of standardization of a markup language
- 3.2 demarcation problem between document format and programming languages
- 5.1 Integrated Office packages including any required plugins
- 5.2 Single applications and specialized systems in the office area, unless they belong to one of the office suites
- 5.3 Reference Management Programs
- 5.4 " Reader" software ( can read OpenDocument files and display but not create and save )
- 5.5 Conversion programs, the OpenDocument formats convert Office
- 5.6 Other software with OpenDocument functions
- 6.1 Argentina
- 6.2 Belgium
- 6.3 Brazil
- 6.4 Denmark
- 6.5 Germany
- 6.6 England (United Kingdom)
- 6.7 Finland
- 6.8 France
- 6.9 Italy
- 6:10 Croatia
- 6:11 Japan
- 6:12 Malaysia
- 6:13 Massachusetts ( USA)
- 6:14 NATO
- 6:15 The Netherlands
- 6:16 Norway
- 6:17 Austria
- 6:18 Poland
- 6:19 Portugal
- 6:20 Sweden
- 6:21 South Africa
- 6:22 Uruguay
Standardization
The end of 2002 was established at the OASIS Open Office XML Format Technical Committee to provide an open XML -based file format for office applications, based on the file format of OpenOffice.org. The OpenDocument format was published in May 2005.
The European Commission recommended in 2004 as part of its IDA program (Interchange of Data between Administrations) to submit, among other OASIS OpenDocument an official international standards body such as ISO. An official recommendation for a specific format was however made by the Commission.
In the international standard OpenDocument format, numbered ISO / IEC 26300 as Open Document Format for Office Applications ( OpenDocument ) v1.0 is standardized.
The standardization of the current version 1.2 of the OpenDocument format, which brings, among others, significant improvements in the area of digital signatures and the introduction of formula definitions in spreadsheets (Open Formula) with itself, was released as OASIS standard on 30 September 2011. The Technical Committee OASIS ODF is currently working on the standardization of ODF 1.2 as an ISO / IEC standard.
Technical Description
An OpenDocument file is either a single XML file, or a collection of XML files and other objects (eg eingebundener images) that are combined to one file in ZIP format. As an extension for OpenDocument files are odt for text, ods for spreadsheets, odp for presentations and odg for vector graphics used. These archive files contain special items that are based on the structure of the Java Archive format.
This means that the file type can also be independent of the file extension and without decompression (see data compression ) can be determined, the first archive entry of the MIME type of the file contents in plain text and uncompressed.
Basically, each OpenDocument file in the archive manifest.xml the META -INF folder containing the file. The manifest.xml lists all the other files on the OpenDocument file with the MIME types. All other files in the OpenDocument file are usually compressed XML files that describe a document structure, the document content, document styles and document settings. Furthermore, multimedia files, such as pictures, movies and music files with their binary format, optionally compressed, stored in the OpenDocument file.
Example
An OpenDocument Text file
The following example visualizes the folder structure in an OpenDocument text file:
Datei.odt | - META -INF | | | - Manifest.xml | - Thumbnails | | | - Thumbnail.png | - Pictures | | | - 10000000000001E800000118B5A37F3F.png | - MimeType - Content.xml - Styles.xml - Meta.xml - Settings.xml The file is always mimetype uncompressed within the zip file, all other files may be compressed. In Pictures folder is located, in this example, an image in PNG format. The content.xml file contains the text content of the document. In styles.xml formatting are saved. The meta.xml file contains metadata. For example, how many pages are in the document, who the author is and when it was created and modified. The file thumbnail.png in the thumbnails folder shows a small document image of the first page of the document. This image can be used by a file viewer as preview pictures. The document-specific settings are found in the settings.xml file. There are usually there the print settings. The manifest.xml lists all files with file type in this archive format.
Mimetype file
In the mimetype file type of the file is available (see section file extensions and MIME type). In this example, application / vnd.oasis.opendocument.text.
Manifest.xml file
The manifest.xml in this example has the following contents:
On the example of meta.xml file, you can see which summary information is stored in the OpenDocument file. Follow partially the Dublin Core metadata schema ( elements in the namespace dc).
< office: document -meta
xmlns: office = "urn: oasis: names: tc: opendocument: xmlns: office: 1.0"
xmlns: meta = "urn: oasis: names: tc: opendocument: xmlns: meta: 1.0"
xmlns: dc = " http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ "
xmlns: xlink = " http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink " >
The following figure shows the thumbnail of the first page of the document instance.
File extensions and MIME type
The following table shows some file extensions used for the various OpenDocument files.
Other file extensions are listed in the OASIS standard (page 697 et seq.)
Criticism
The general problem of standardization of a markup language
OpenDocument as a document format that is based on a markup language that contains meta-information that must be analyzed and interpreted by performing program (English " rendering ", see analogous to HTML rendering ). This is done in the various programs in different ways. ODF is a recent file format and less historically "grown" as HTML and stylesheets based on it. In addition, Office files are for a fixed paper size, and certain marketing and font characteristics written while HTML it is based, that the user the output format is determined ( different screen sizes and line breaks, User Preferences, for example, for the size, and link colors and typefaces were not originally from the Web Author specified ).
The layout is therefore much more complex set in Office formats than websites, so that for example a single character at the end of a line can affect the layout break an entire document. Even within a proprietary document format ( such as. Doc MS Word), there may be display problems between different operating systems or different printer drivers. In the layout compatibility, the software developer are therefore still at the beginning of a prolonged development process. It is conceivable, moreover, that in the long run by putting concepts that ODF combine with other standards (similar to embedded fonts or printer attributes in PDF documents or stylesheets as now indispensable element within web pages) to optimize the layout fidelity.
In addition, the author of a document must be limited to a maximum compatibility standards that govern all displaying programs. For example, are not supported by OpenOffice.org Calc all functions and formulas that has MS Excel and vice versa more emphasis has traditionally been placed in a uniform format in OpenOffice.org templates as for example in MS Word, where documents are traditionally formatted more hard. Authors who want to create documents with high compatibility, therefore need to use multiple applications to check the presentation of their documents to different programs. It is advantageous to know the capabilities and limitations of individual programs.
Problem of demarcation between document format and programming languages
- Macro / Script support: ODF only defines an XML tag for macros and scripts, but neither programming document model or Application Toolkit. This macros and scripts can be used only to a limited application boundaries. Remove this limitation, however, would define all applications on a programming language, a document model and a toolkit, which is not the task of a document format.
- Formulas in tables: The ODF standard laid not fixed until version 1.1, such formulas are to be stored for tables. Calculations in a table therefore do not work for all programs the same. In version 1.2 of the standard OpenFormula was set as a comprehensive unified standard.
Alex Brown, who was a leader involved in the ISO standardization process of OOXML competing format, criticized the fact that - due to errors in the RELAX NG schemas of different standard versions - no application specifies that generates valid OpenDocument files. However, the developers disagree with this statement and argue that the tested ODF 1.0 can not be compatible with OpenOffice.org 2.4 ( because this uses ODF 1.1, which is not standardized in the ISO); thus was the test setup incorrectly.
Open Document Format Alliance
Since early March 2006 there is the Open Document Format Alliance to support the OpenDocument format. The aim of the alliance is to provide decision-makers to support and lobby for ODF.
Programs with support for OpenDocument
Integrated Office Suites including any required plugins
Program packages, which contain at least word processing, spreadsheet and presentation software are:
- Ajax- online office applications, multiple independent free online programs, which together represent a complete office suite: Ajax Write ( word processing ), ajax presents ( presentation software ), AjaxXLS (spreadsheets, experimental status ), Ajax Sketch ( vector-based graphic design and drawing, currently only import OpenDocument graphics )
- Calligra Suite, a fork of KOffice, wear out the first version 2.4 ( 2012) OpenDocument as its native storage format.
- KOffice uses version 1.5 of March 11, 2006 OpenDocument as a standard format, version 1.4 of 21 June 2005 could be optionally used the formats already.
- LibreOffice
- Microsoft Office since version 2007 Service Pack 2, but so far not in the version for Mac OS X older versions of Microsoft Office with the help of external plugins: Oracle ODF Plug-in for Microsoft Office supports OpenDocument import and export in Word, Excel and PowerPoint 2000, XP, 2003 and 2007 SP1.
- ODF Add- in for Microsoft Word: its still the Office Compatibility Pack installed in addition an add-in to open, edit and save ODF files in Word 2007 In Word XP and 2003 must. .
Note: Corel Office and SoftMaker Office is dealing with the OpenDocument format limited to word processing
Individual applications and specialized systems in the office area, unless they belong to one of the office suites
- AbiWord can since October 2005 ( Version 2.4.0 ) read OpenDocument and has since version 2.4.2 also export filters for OpenDocument.
- Corel support in word processing WordPerfect from Version X4 importing OpenDocument.
- Gnumeric, support for OpenDocument spreadsheet.
- Google Drive (formerly Writely and Google Docs), free online word processing and spreadsheet
- Tables, a spreadsheet program for Mac OS X with support for OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS )
- TextMaker from the 2006 version (import, as of revision 467 additional export); TextMaker is one of SoftMaker Office, but is the only application that processes odt files
- 7 ( read and write) WordPad from Windows
- TextEdit ( Apple) since Mac OS X 10.5
- Zoho Writer, free online word processing
- PagePlus is a desktop publishing program supports the import of OpenDocument Text files since version X4.
- Scribus, version 1.2.2, released in early July 2005, desktop publishing program. Scribus imported OpenDocument Text and OpenDocument drawings.
- Lotus Notes version 8 ( mid-2007 ), groupware and database system with e- mail connection
Bibliographic management software
- B3, a reference management program with support for OpenDocument Text files.
- Bibliographix
- Citavi
- JabRef
" Reader" software ( can read OpenDocument files and display but not create and save )
- Office Reader is a program used to read OpenDocument files on Symbian smartphones.
- Open document viewer, a file viewer for OpenDocument text, spreadsheet and presentation.
Conversion programs, the OpenDocument formats convert Office
- AODC - An Open Document Converter, a free conversion program for OpenDocument text files and spreadsheets. ( The program does not require OpenOffice.org or other Office application with OpenDocument support.)
- Latex2html, TeX4ht, Writer2LaTeX, converter for LaTeX
More software with OpenDocument functions
- Beagle 0.2, Desktop full text search engine of the GNOME project. Indexed and allows Search in OpenDocument files.
- EZ Publish, an enterprise content management system with built-in OpenDocument import and export.
- Free Mind, a program for creating mind maps with export filters for OpenDocument Text.
- An unofficial plug-in is available for the OpenDocument formats for Google Desktop.
- Inkscape free vector-based graphic design and drawing, currently only exporting of OpenDocument graphics.
- Read PEAR :: OpenDocument, a PHP package to OpenDocument files, create or modify.
- PhpMyAdmin, a free PHP application to the administration of MySQL databases, which allows exporting to OpenDocument format.
- Qt, a cross-platform class library for programming graphical user interfaces that allows writing OpenDocument Text files.
- TYPO3, a Content Management System with support for OpenDocument Text.
- WebODF, JavaScript library to support the representation of ODF in web and mobile applications
Use of the OpenDocument format in public places
Argentina
Misiones is one of 23 provinces of Argentina with one million inhabitants. In September 2007, the document format ODF was prescribed by decree for the entire official digital communication.
Belgium
As part of the Belgian Government Interoperability Framework ( BELGIF ), the Belgian government aims to the exclusive use of open formats and standards in the external data exchange.
For the exchange of office documents OpenDocument has been suggested from September 2007 must support as part of a pilot operation each federal agency OpenDocument formats. If this testing phase is completed successfully, ODF will from September 2008 be the default format.
However, the Belgian government holds open the possibility of expanding the list of acceptable file formats to competing standards.
Brazil
In Brazil, ODF was accepted by the national standardization organization ABNT ( Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas ) on 8 April 2008 as a national standard. Since the authorities are instructed to insert this standard is to be expected with a significant spread.
Denmark
Government agencies must from April 2011 the Open Document Format (ODF ) for storing their documents use ( Parliament decision of 29 January 2010). Regional or local authorities are not yet required to be but probably follow suit.
Germany
Various authorities, communities and countries use products that support the ODF format (for example, StarOffice, OpenOffice.org ).
It is that of the "Coordination and Advisory Agency of the Federal Government for Information Technology in the Federal " ( KBSt ) recommended standard ( SAGA 4.0).
The Federal Foreign Office is generally to use the ODF format to, and in all 230 German diplomatic missions abroad, which contributes to reduce costs ( the cost is already only a third of the remaining ministries). In a welcoming address to the international ODF Workshop in October 2007, the Foreign Minister noted: " The Open Document Format to be completely open and standardized by the ISO format is an excellent basis to share knowledge and information freely in a time of globalization can. "
The Federal Office for Security in Information Technology interspersed with StarOffice on all computers over a large area of the ODF standard one to work across platforms and create accessible documents.
Since the migration from Windows NT 4.0 to Linux The surveying and cadastral Rhineland-Palatinate administration sets as the operating system in 2006 with OpenOffice.org on all desktop computers over a large area of the ODF standard one. Reasons are the higher profitability, but also the implementation of internal guidelines that provide a cross-platform work with open standards.
The Bavarian Administration for Surveying can process files in ODF format on all services.
The city of Freiburg is an eg OpenOffice.org. The city of Munich as part of the conversion to Linux already has 13,000 users on OpenOffice.org migrated (as of August 2011). In their view, another format besides ODF would entail significant additional expenses.
Since September 2007, can also be sent as files in ODF format for communication with the Federal Court and the Federal Patent Court. The Federal Labour Court and the Federal Social Court take quite some time to ODF files. The same applies to the administrative courts and tax courts in the State of North Rhine -Westphalia, including the Tax Court Dusseldorf. This is so far not apply to countries such as Baden- Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Rhineland -Palatinate, Saxony, Saxony -Anhalt, Schleswig -Holstein and Thuringia.
On 2 December 2008, the IT Council, the Federal Government decided to gradually introduce the ODF format in the Federal Administration to increase IT security and enhance interoperability.
England (United Kingdom)
On 1 November 2005, the BECTA published ( British Educational Communications and Technology Agency ) is a technical specification, in addition to some other file formats, the use of OpenDocument for office files is recommended.
Finland
The Finnish Ministry of Justice has decided to give priority to use OpenOffice.org and the OpenDocument format from 2007. The decision was made after a deep examination of the applications of ODF. Other ministries will eventually follow.
France
A report published on 10 April 2006 report, which was commissioned by the French government in order, proposes to use ODF at European level as a document exchange format. In addition, he proposes a statutory provision that would oblige the French administration for use of OpenDocument.
Both the French Ministry of the Interior (on more than 40,000 computers ) and the French Gendarmerie ( 80,000 computers ) insert the ODF format.
Italy
South Tyrol began in June 2013 with the switch to LibreOffice and parallel with the transition to the Open Document Format. Up to 600,000 Euro license costs will save South Tyrol at 7,000 jobs in the state administration within three years, several thousand jobs in the communities and in the health sector are added. In addition to the potential savings and the flexibility of free software is appreciated. OpenDocument is just the beginning, more free software to follow.
Croatia
As part of the 2007 program eCroatia Croatia has made the specification to allow for the electronic exchange of documents by public authorities in the future ODF and PDF. The government also announced to determine ODF as a national standard.
Japan
On 29 June 2007, the Japanese government has published a new standard for e -government applications, which grants the implementation of priority products which use open standards.
Malaysia
Since April 2008, the use of ODF is mandatory for all authorities.
Massachusetts ( USA)
According to the Enterprise Technical Reference Model ( ETRM ) of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, all official acts of the U.S. state must be written and stored in an open file format. Massachusetts defines open file formats as formats that are based on an open standard, were developed jointly, are managed by a standards body, fully documented and publicly available are (page 16).
ETRM 3.5 allows the following file formats: OpenDocument, plain text, HTML and PDF, although as of 2007, all Office files must be stored by default in the Open Document Format (page 18ff ). The exact date of the conversion has not yet been determined.
In an interview with the then Secretary of State Thomas Trimarco said, however, that Office Open XML comply with the specifications and therefore could be employed.
Meanwhile allowed ETRM 4.0 and the Office Open XML standard.
NATO
NATO has taken the Open Document Format (ODF ) in their list of prescribed standards for the creation of interoperability.
Netherlands
Since 2009, ODF is a binding standard for all government organizations: for reading and writing as well as for the publication and exchange of any digital information. However justify to the acquisition of software to the appropriate authority in a particular case why not open source software (or software that supports ODF ) is used.
Norway
In December 2007, the Norwegian Ministry of Government Administration and Reform decided ( Fornyings -og administrasjonsdepartementet ) that from 2009 with all governmental authorities ODF (ISO / IEC 26300 ) must be used if the appearance of the published documents may not be modified after downloading. In other cases, such as in form, including PDF can be employed.
As of 2010, the ODF format is ( optionally PDF) prescribed for the exchange between public authorities and consumers in e- mail attachments.
Austria
The City of Vienna accepts the ODF format. The Federal Ministry of Justice has announced to provide all PC workstations in the courts with OpenOffice.org. This will make it possible courts to accept ODF files. As of February 2008 the city of Linz accepts the ODF format and offers all online forms in addition to in this format.
Poland
After a Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 11 October 2005, the ODF format complies with the specification 1.0 for text and graphics in addition to TXT, RTF, DOC and PDF, the minimum requirements of communication systems in official use.
Portugal
2011, a law was passed that the use of open data formats to authorities prescribes mandatory. Any exceptions must be reported to the President of the Portuguese Council of Ministers and their status are reviewed periodically. 2012 Furthermore, ODF was enshrined as the only editable data format to authorities.
Sweden
Sweden has adopted ODF 1.0 in August 2008 as a national standard.
South Africa
On 23 October 2007 the competent authorities have published in information systems of the government of the South African government ( Department of Public Service and Administration of the South African government) a report on standards of interoperability ( report on interoperability standards ). It specifies ODF as the standard for yet to be machined Office documents ( "working office document formats" ) (with UTF-8/ASCII text and comma-separated values data as the only alternative ).
Since April 2008, ODF is a national standard, so not only the standard used in government agencies and government organizations. From September 2008, all government organizations will be able to read and write ODF, ODF from 2009 is there binding standard.
Uruguay
The government agency recommends the use of ODF for all still to be processed documents since June 2008.