Steve Jobs

Steven "Steve" Paul Jobs ( born February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California, † October 5, 2011 in Palo Alto, California ) was an American entrepreneur. As co-founder and longtime CEO of Apple Inc. He is considered one of the most famous personalities in the computer industry. Together with Steve Wozniak and Ron Wayne 1976, he founded Apple and helped to make the concept of the home computer with the Apple II became popular. Jobs was also the CEO and principal shareholder of Pixar Animation Studios, and after a merger the largest individual shareholder of The Walt Disney Company. He died on October 5, 2011, of cancer. His fortune was estimated by Forbes Magazine to 8.3 billion U.S. dollars in March 2011.

Life

Childhood and studies

Steve Jobs was born the son of the Syrian Abdulfattah Jandali and policy students Joanne Carole Schieble of American in San Francisco. Since neither of his biological mother parents nor the parents of the father of a marriage would have agreed, and his 23 -year-old parents could not provide for the maintenance of the child, Schieble gave her son free as a social orphan for adoption. Schieble had made her consent to the adoption depends on that her son should grow up with academics; however, rejected a lawyer adoption shortly after Jobs' birth from, because he and his wife had wanted a daughter. Thus, the child shortly after birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922-1993) and the Armenian Clara Jobs (1924-1986), with birth name Hagopian, of Mountain View, California, adopted, and received the name Steven Paul. The couple jobs, neither of academics, Schieble wrestled a promise from Jobs access to college to enable. Of his biological parents as well as from his own sister, the author Mona Simpson, he only found out about 20 years later.

Even in his childhood awoke Steve Jobs's interest in the electronics industry located at that time in the growth. In Silicon Valley, the Santa Clara Valley, which also was Palo Alto, Jobs lived in the immediate vicinity of engineers from companies such as Hewlett -Packard and Intel. His parents noticed this morning that Jobs learned quickly; already in school enrollment in the Monta Loma Elementary, he could read and was bored in the first few years rather than to learn something, to be a teacher accepted and allowed that he skipped a class of its own.

In 1972 he reached the high school graduating from Homestead High School in Cupertino, California and enrolled at Reed College in Portland one. The study broke Jobs after the first semester off, but remained for some time on campus and attended some lectures. In early 1974, he worked for several months at Atari and then traveled to India, where he studied Hinduism, Buddhism and the primary therapy ( primal scream ). The journey financed him and his friend Dan Kottke had the Atari engineer Allan Alcorn to fly with the condition over Germany. Jobs helped in Munich then the local Atari Sales, grounding problems of American 60 -Hertz power supplies in computers Atari games to eliminate the German 50 -Hertz power grid.

In the autumn of 1974 he had returned and took part in meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club. He again worked at Atari, and procured an order for the game Breakout. Steve Wozniak, a close friend, whom he had met several years earlier about their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, developed the game in four days. Jobs claimed that he only got $ 700, and gave Wozniak $ 350 although the fee amounted to $ 5,000.

In the 70 years Steve Jobs malnourished according to the strict diet of Frutarian, whereby also the name of his company Apple was created by its own account.

During this time discovered John T. Draper (aka Captain Crunch ) that you could create with a modified toy whistle that was in every pack of Cap'n Crunch breakfast cereal, the 2600 -hertz tone that used in AT & T of the switching centers was to control the settlement of the call charges. Wozniak then built a Blue Box that could produce this sound. He and Jobs began in 1974, these boxes for sale, which allowed the owner to make free long distance calls.

Apple

Jobs and Wozniak founded in 1976 along with Ronald Wayne, the Apple Computer Company in Jobs' garage in Los Altos, California. Their first, with the apple with a bite ( Bite ) advertised product was the Apple I, which was sold for $ 666.66. The prototype was in a self-built wooden cabinet.

1977, the Apple II was introduced, which made Apple a major player in the home computer market. In December 1980, the company was converted by Apple into a company, and Apple introduced the Apple III, which, however, was not comparable to great success. 1983 Jobs advertised Pepsi executive John Sculley on for the post of CEO at Apple. The same year, Apple released the Apple Lisa on the market.

During this time, spoke out in Steve Jobs for a fiscally favorable introduction of personal computers in schools. The first article in the New York Times, the mentioned jobs, is by this time not yet enforceable legislative proposals:

" The main sponsor and initiator of this push is the Apple Computer Corporation, whose chairman, Steve Jobs, vowed once again to bring computers in every American school. "

1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. It was the first commercially successful computer with a graphical user interface ( ie screen icons instead of command line code) and the computer mouse as the standard input device. The development of the " Mac " began with Jef Raskin and his team, who were inspired by the technology that was developed at Xerox Research Centre, but had not been used commercially. The success of the Macintosh, Apple brought to the Apple II abandoned in favor of the Macintosh product line that is followed to this day.

After an internal power struggle with Sculley left in 1985, the company Jobs. Five close employees followed him.

NeXT

For jobs began five years, which he later described as one of his most creative periods.

In 1986 he founded the NeXT computer, another computer company. Concerned that he would use in the planned NeXT computers Apple technology, Sculley Jobs went against in court. The accusation was: breaking fiduciary responsibility ( " Breach of fiduciary responsibility" ) and " nefarious " incitement to pulling off of Apple's trade secrets. The trial ended on 17 January 1986, a comparison, in which Jobs undertook Apple for a while to allow insights into NeXT developments by the company showed prototypes, and until July 1, 1987 any own computer on the bringing market.

The NeXT workstation was the other devices on the market technically advance, but was never popular outside of scientific applications. So Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web at the Swiss CERN Institute on a NeXT workstation. NeXT used pioneering techniques such as object-oriented programming, Display PostScript, and magneto - optical drives.

In order to focus on software development, Jobs sold the hardware business after seven years in February 1993 to the former investor Canon. 200 Of the original 530 employees remained at NeXT and 100 switched to Canon.

Pixar

In parallel with the NeXT foundation invested Jobs in 1986 together with Edwin Catmull $ five million (one third of the original price ) plus another five million to Pixar Inc., a company based in Emeryville, California computer animation studio, from its founder George Lucas of Lucasfilm graphics department buy out. With Toy Story the company succeeded in 1995, a first success, and the IPO made ​​Jobs a billionaire. As the first fully computer-animated feature film production was honored with the Special Achievement Award ( Oscar Special ) of the Academy Awards.

For Finding Nemo, The Incredibles - The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E - Legend of the Dee on Earth, Up, Toy Story 3 and Merida - Legend of the Highlands Pixar won the Oscar in the category of Best Animated Feature.

On 24 January 2006, the media and entertainment group Walt Disney Company announced after U.S. stock markets closed that he would take over the Pixar Inc. for $ 7.4 billion. As part of the business Pixar CEO Steve Jobs joined the Board (precisely: the Board of Directors) of Disney added. Furthermore, Jobs was by his Pixar share of about 50.1 % with 6% largest individual shareholder at Disney. In March 2010, Jobs gave 138 million Disney shares.

Return to Apple

Apple bought NeXT in 1996 for 402 million U.S. dollars. Jobs practiced since then from a consultant in the company. In August 1997 he became a member of the Board, and shortly thereafter, after the dismissal of Gil Amelio in September of this year, temporarily manager of the company. In the same year ended jobs many products and research projects as well as all long-standing charitable charity programs of the company. He attributed this to the need to cut costs in order to restore the company's profitability.

With the purchase of NeXT, whose technology was acquired and integrated into the Apple products; primarily, these were to Next Step, the updated gradually and finally under the name of Mac OS X has become the new operating system of the Macintosh computer. Even the current OS X not only has superficial similarities to NextStep such as the Dock, but uses the same core technologies, particularly FreeBSD, Objective-C and the Cocoa API.

Under Jobs' leadership 1998, the iMac was introduced, which helped return the ailing company to profitability. With the portable music players iPod, the iTunes jukebox software, the iTunes store (until 2006 iTunes Music Store) and the iPhone, the company created a new market for " digital lifestyle " products. Following the success of these products, the tied on 27 January 2010 by Jobs presented the iPad to.

Jobs worked at Apple for several years for an annual salary of one dollar and was therefore included as a worst -paid CEO in the Guinness Book of Records. After Apple had once again become a profitable company, the company removed in January 2001, the "temporary" from Jobs' title of managing director. In addition to his salary jobs but received some exclusive gifts from the Board; For example, a $ 35 million -dollar jet in 1999, he had rented in the unused time at Apple, and nearly 30 million shares of Apple stock from 2000 to 2002. In March 2010, Jobs held 5.426 million Apple shares.

In January 2011, Steve Jobs gave the daily business of health reasons to Tim Cook. However, he remained CEO of Apple. On August 24, 2011 Steve Jobs finally came back as CEO of Apple. Tim Cook was officially appointed as permanent successor after he led the group since the January 17, 2011 showing example. Jobs himself was elected Chairman of the Board. He held until his death on October 5 this position.

Private life

On 18 March 1991 Jobs married Laurene Powell. The couple has three children. For a relationship to the journalist Chrisann Brennan, born 1978 daughter Lisa Brennan - Jobs dates. His sister Mona Simpson in 1996 with the book " A Regular Guy " has published the story of Steve and Lisa. In the 1980s, he also had a relationship with the folk and protest singer Joan Baez.

Jobs was interested in as a student for a healthy diet strategy. Sustainability influenced him the diet philosophy of German scientist Arnold Ehret. Steve Jobs was Pescetarier and known to Buddhism. He described himself as a fan of Bob Dylan and the Beatles; the latter were the model for its business model, as he told 60 Minutes in American documentary series:

"They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check, they balanced each other out, so that the whole was much more than the sum of its parts. Great things in business are not done by one person but by a team. "

On July 31, 2004, Steve Jobs underwent an operation in which an islet cell tumor was removed. During his absence, represented him at Apple COO Tim Cook. According to the authorized biography of Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson is Jobs refused after diagnosis in October 2003, months of surgery. Instead, he resorted to alternative treatment trials. Subsequent treatments included an individualized therapy based on a genome analysis of tumor and body cells.

In August 2008, an incomplete obituary for him published by the news agency Bloomberg accidentally, but was promptly deleted again. In early January 2009, Jobs said in an open letter about his health and his related absence from Macworld. He took it back his weight loss to a hormone disorder.

Later, in January 2009, Jobs announced to withdraw due to illness until end of June 2009 from the daily business of Apple. In June 2009 it was announced that Steve Jobs had undergone a liver transplant in April at Methodist University Hospital in Memphis ( Tennessee). The reason for liver transplantation is not known, but it was assumed that the tumor had formed liver metastases. For Apple presentation at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco Jobs eventually returned on September 9, 2009, returned to the Apple stage.

In August 2011, the first authorized biography of Steve Jobs was announced under the title Steve Jobs by Walter Isaacson in the publishing house Simon & Schuster. According to a previously published in 2005 biography of the publisher John Wiley & Sons, Jobs had to forbid the sale of all the works by this publisher in the Apple stores, as this biography was not authorized by him. In its financial report for the year 2010, the publisher said that it had come to an agreement and the books published for the iPad should be accessible.

On October 5, 2011 Steve Jobs died at home surrounded by his family at the effects of cancer. On October 7, he was on a non-denominational cemetery ( Alta Mesa Memorial Park ) in Santa Clara, California, buried. Tim Cook invited the employees of the company a call to an internal memorial service on October 19, 2011. A public funeral service of the company was excluded. On October 20, 2011 Apple switched a special memorial page free on its website, will be posted on the continuously condolences that were sent by e -mail. A year after the death of Apple turned a video of Steve Jobs on the home page of the website.

Quotes

" Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works. "

"Design is not just what it looks like or feels like. Design is how it works. "

"I had a little over a million dollars when I was 23, over 10 million with 24 and more than 100 million with 25 and it did not matter because I did not do it for the money. "

Movies

• The early years of the company Apple and Steve Jobs to be adjusted in the movie Pirates of Silicon Valley. The film is based on the book Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer by Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine (ISBN 0-07-135895-1 ), but he is no documentation and partly also contains fictional content.

• In a film entitled " Jobs - The success story of Steve Jobs ," who came to the U.S. cinemas in August 2013, the time is displayed 1971-2000; the story ends came before the introduction of the iPod in 2001. Especially the creative early years of Apple 's founding, the expulsion from the company and its later return in 1997 will be discussed. Jobs is embodied in the film by Hollywood star Ashton Kutcher.

• In April 2013, the film iSteve appeared on the internet of the production company Funny or Die. It plays Justin Long, Steve Jobs and Jorge Garcia plays the role of Steve Wozniak.

Awards

• 2011 Jobs was representative of all the contributors to the " success story of iPod" posthumously awarded the Grammy for his services. The award was accepted Eddy Cue, SVP of Internet Software and Services, at the award ceremony of the Grammy Awards on February 12, 2012 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles behalf,.
• In August 2013 Disney gave its price Disney Legends award to Jobs for his " pioneering " work at Pixar. The prize was John Lasseter on for the late Jobs.

Others

On the occasion of the first anniversary of the death of Steve Jobs was a wax figure, which is exhibited in Madame Tussauds Hong Kong. Jobs is to see it in his characteristic clothes ( jeans, sweaters, sneakers ).

Apple released on October 5, 2012, a special start page with a video about Steve Jobs. On a subsequent page honors Tim Cook, the new Apple CEO Steve Jobs as a great visionary.