Unincorporated area
An unincorporated community is in administrative law a defined area, which belongs to any political community. Most of these areas are uninhabited ( military training areas, forest areas, water areas, etc.).
- 5.1 USA
- 5.2 Canada
Germany
Free community areas are usually either owned by the country in which they are located, owned by the Federal Republic of Germany or the Federal Agency for Real Estate. The administrative authority is usually the district office or the district administration of the appropriate county, and the responsible registry office is located in a neighboring community. Exceptions are two inhabited unincorporated areas with their own administrations in Lower Saxony as well as the two unincorporated areas of Schleswig-Holstein, for which the offices are responsible, which include the areas.
Survey
In Germany there are 227 unincorporated areas inland, spread across five states (as of 1 January 2011):
According to § 1 paragraph 1, sentence 1 of the Law on property relationships of federal waterways of 21 May 1951, the Federal waterways are owned by the state and are up on the inland waterways generally unincorporated community. This applies to the coastal states of Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Schleswig- Holstein on the Baltic and North Sea with its adjacent estuary hoppers. Particularly affected are the areas of land reclamation, which are awarded to communities only in an administrative proceeding.
In 2000, the number of unincorporated areas was still in Germany at 295, with a total area of 4890.33 km ². Again and again unincorporated areas are dissolved and divided its area into adjacent communities, particularly frequent in Bavaria, the state with the most unincorporated areas (see also List of unincorporated areas in Bavaria ). Also reductions of existing community- free areas be made.
Community -free zones on the size (area )
Below, the largest unincorporated areas in Germany (including all inhabited areas, but without lakes) with an area of more than 50 km ²:
In Bavaria there are several more coherent unincorporated areas of more than 50 km ²; but these are composed of several adjacent unincorporated areas that are large in each case less than 50 km ².
Free community lakes
The lakes, which do not belong to the community and therefore unincorporated areas are all located in Bavaria. In the first performance of the Bavarian unincorporated areas of 1956 ( Regulation on the zoning of the Free State of Bavaria in government districts, urban districts and counties of 9 November 1956 investment ) they are still referred to as water districts.
The unincorporated area of Lake Waging consists of the lakes and Lake Waging Tachinger lake.
The islands of the first three lakes ( Herrenchiemsee, Chiemsee woman, Herb Island, Rose Island and most of the island Sweden ) do not belong to the unincorporated areas of the lakes. Otherwise, the borders of the lakes as unincorporated areas and water areas as agree for the most part. Minor variations that about a municipality protrudes slightly into the water surface or the unincorporated area includes narrow riparian strips as the west bank of Sweden island in Ammersee can result from surveying reasons, as well as from the fact that changing the shorelines over the decades, such as in area of the estuary of the Tiroler Ache in the Chiemsee.
Lake Constance, though to no congregation and also to any county in Germany rata belonging ( he appears not even a pro-rata in the area statistics of Germany or the states of Baden -Württemberg and Bavaria on, but only with its share of shoreline in its description of the borders ) does not count as unincorporated, but is according to German and the Austrian view, but not according to Swiss legal view of the real division in accordance with the respective lake access, as condominium of the riparian states represents a special case
Inhabited unincorporated areas
Only two of the unincorporated areas are inhabited:
Former populated unincorporated areas are the East Frisian island of Memmert, which still had a total population of 2 December 31, 2002, but since 2004 is uninhabited and the Gutsbezirk Münsingen, which was reduced on 1 January 2011 at the inhabited parts of the territory
The remit of the inhabited unincorporated areas is basically the same a community. However, there are no separate municipal council, but only a representative population. As a " leader " they have only one area or district director.
At the time of the census of 13 September 1950 and June 6, 1961, there were also in Bavaria still a larger number of inhabited community- free areas (1950 at least 13 inhabited unincorporated areas with 665 and 1961 at least 10 261 inhabitants).
Baden-Wurttemberg
In Baden- Württemberg there are two unincorporated areas Gutsbezirk Münsingen and Rheinau.
Bavaria
Hesse
In Hesse, in accordance with § 153 paragraph 1 letter c of the Hessian Municipal Code on the Regulation on unincorporated land and estate districts of 15 November 1938. Differentiates between a municipality land and agricultural estates. The district Michel book is an unincorporated community property, the estate districts Kaufunger forest, Reinhard Forest and Spessart are Forstgutsbezirke within the meaning of § 4, paragraph 2 of the Regulation. In the Forstgutsbezirken is the competent State Forestry officials Gutsvorsteher.
Lower Saxony
The Lower Saxon " Regulation on the management of community -free areas' distinguishes between ( inhabited ) " unincorporated areas " ( Osterheide and Lohheide ) and" other unincorporated areas " (23, for example Lütje horn ).
Austria
There are no unincorporated areas in Austria. The entire Austrian territory is divided into communities nationwide, with all waters, mountains and other uninhabited areas are always part of a community.
Article 116, paragraph 1 of the Austrian Federal Constitution Act states: " Each country is divided into communities. The community is territorial authority with the right to self-government administration and at the same parish. Each property must belong to a community. "
Accordingly, the Austrian municipalities, especially in the inner-Alpine region often have a considerable areal extent, the community areas in these cases there are long stretches only from uninhabited mountain scenery. The Tyrolean village of Sölden is about both larger than the German state of Bremen and the Austrian capital, Vienna 467 km ², but has only 4000 inhabitants. Accordingly, there is no community that consists only of an uninhabited area, as it is bound as a local authority ( legal entity ) to a population.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, the term " unincorporated community " not common, but here, too, are areas outside the municipal structure, as statistical areas outside the political communities. They are under the direct sovereignty of the state, ie the respective canton.
In the unpopulated areas it concerns:
- 22 lakes, some shared between several cantons, including only partially related to Switzerland Lakes Lake Geneva, Lake Constance (see there to the different interpretations of the law ) and Lago Maggiore and
- The state forest Galm ( a state domain of the canton of Fribourg ).
Among the inhabited unincorporated areas include the monasteries Grimm stone and Wonnenstein ( within the monastery walls enclaves of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in the canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes ).
The Kloster Fahr, an exclave of the Canton of Aargau in the Canton of Zurich, to December 31, 2007 was no congregation to belong. Since 1 January 2008 the area of the enclave is part of the municipality Würenlos which it had been previously overseen administratively.
A special case is the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. The territorial organization of the former interior part of the country ( as an institution now resolved) with the main town of Appenzell does not work according to the pattern of other cantons. The interior part of the country is indeed from territorially defined districts that are broadly former staff oriented Rhodes match, but correspond in their function rather districts, that is, parts of the state administration, as communities, however, have their own district assemblies. In contrast, there is a real community in the usual sense, namely the fire show community Appenzell, which also has the building administration among themselves. Their territory overlaps while the territories of three districts, one of which is also called Appenzell. Also not assigned to a community's battle chapel is on the shock, the area is constitutionally best regarded as appenzeller - ausserrhodisch - innerrhodisches condominium.
As a church free special areas are designated by the Federal Statistical Office, the so-called Kommunanzen as well as the State Forest Galm.
Norway
The areas of Svalbard, Jan Mayen and Bouvet Island do not belong to communities, not to provinces (county ). These areas are managed entirely by the state.
Unincorporated Areas
Unincorporated Area is an administrative term Anglo-Saxon countries. It refers to any kind of area, which is not a separate territorial entity. Often such an area the next higher administrative level will be directly managed.
USA
In the U.S. there are a large number Unincorporated Areas. These are some states in the respective counties, subject to the townships in others. Very often there are settlements with its own name and social identity in these areas, Unincorporated communities. These settlements do not have the status of an independent municipality (ie, City, Town or Village ) nor are they part of such communities. Many Unincorporated communities are accepted with their names as the mailing address, many are out as a census-designated places.
Insolvent municipalities can sink to the Unincorporated Area.
Canada
Not every Unincorporated Area corresponds to an unincorporated territory of the German definition; in Canada, any settlement, which is not a separate community, but only a part of the municipality, called Unincorporated Settlement. Most of these settlements would therefore by definition German districts, often even incorporations, so literally translated Incorporated Settlements.