Unterkulm
Unterkulm (Swiss German: ( ʊndər ) ˌ χʊlm ) is a municipality and capital of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau. It lies in the middle Wynental.
Geography
The village is a scattered settlement that covers the valley floor and the building is loose grown together with that of Oberkulm. At the village center branch two short side valleys off the main valley. In the east, the Pfaffental extends up to the hamlet of stone mountain ( 566 m above sea level. M. ) and the foothills of the High Rock, the natural border to Lake Valley. In the West, the Böhlertal extends up to 617 meters high Böölerpass, over which one gets into Suhrental. The pass lies between the Tornig (650 m above sea level. M. ) and the Hochwacht ( 653 m above sea level. M. ). North of the Hochwacht is an elongated plateau with the hamlet Wannenhof (613 m above sea level. M. ).
The Wyna flows mostly on the west side of the valley and crosses north of the village center just a two hundred meter wide bottleneck. The territory extends in the north- east to the edge of the village of Teufenthal. There branches off to the west from the approximately one kilometer- long Zinsental, in which the eponymous village is.
The area of the municipality is 888 hectares, of which 349 hectares are forested and built over 126 hectares. The highest point is located on 653 meters at the summit of Hochwacht, the deepest at 435 meters at the Wyna.
Neighboring municipalities are Graenichen in the north, Teufenthal in the northeast, Dürrenäsch in the east, Oberkulm in the south, Schlossrued the southwest, Schöftland and deer valley to the west and mooing in the northwest.
History
Colonized the area was already during the Neolithic period 5000-3800 years ago. 1756 joined a landowner on wall remains of an extensive Roman estate, which was inhabited from the 1st to the 4th century. In the building there was a portico villa with attached bathroom. The then upscale discoveries are gone for the most part. Albrecht von Haller also took part in the excavations. West of the church was found in 1971 a late Roman hoard of coins with nearly 600 coins from the time of Emperor Constantine I and Constantine II (ca. 325-340 AD).
The name evolved from the Latin villa columbaria ( " yard with dovecote "). The first mention of Chulenbare was in 1045, in a letter of protection, the Emperor Henry III. the Canons in Beromunster exhibited. 1306 Nideren Kulme in the Habsburg land register was first explicitly distinguished. In the Middle Ages, the village was in the territory of the Counts of Lenzburg, from 1173 in that the counts of Kyburg. After these had died out, the Habsburgs, the new rulers were in 1264.
1415 conquered the Swiss Aargau; Unterkulm now belonged to the subject territory of Berne, Berne's so-called Aargau and formed a part of the judicial district of Kulm in the Official Lenzburg. 1528 resulted in the Bernese the Reformation. The three plug yards Wannental, Zinsental and Kabishof lost its autonomy in 1751 and were united Unterkulm. Around the middle of the 18th century established the processing of cotton.
In March 1798, the French marched into Switzerland, the disempowered " Gracious gentlemen " of Bern and proclaimed the Helvetic Republic. Unterkulm since then is the canton of Aargau. 1803 determined the cantonal government of the village to the main town of the district of Kulm. At the start but lacked a central location for the county authorities: In a guest house of the courtroom and the meeting rooms were housed, the archive was in Rued castle, the county jail in the basement of the old school house, the law firm in a country house. Only in 1834 could the district buildings are opened, whereby the different administrative bodies were united under one roof. Since 1818 Unterkulm has the right to hold markets, today four commodity markets are conducted every year.
In the second half of the 19th century, the population declined by about one-sixth. However, the decline was much less pronounced than in many neighboring communities, as the industry created new job opportunities. 1854 a silk ribbon weaving was established, twenty years later a factory for music boxes, later developed into the largest fittings factory in Switzerland from. The Wynentalbahn adopted on 5 March 1904 its operation. Unterkulm developed into an industrial center, while agriculture was pushed further and further. After a period of stagnation from 1970 to the mid-1990s is again an increase in population recorded.
Attractions
The Church of Unterkulm originated no later than the 12th century and was first mentioned in 1275. From this time, the built in Romanesque style bottom two floors of the church tower have been preserved. The square chancel was built in 1400, the nave around 1500. The movement in the church tower dates from 1530 and was created by the Winterthur watchmaker Lawrence Liechti. There is a grave stone for Hugo von Hallwyl († 1587 ), the lord of the castle of Trostburg On the western outer wall of the tower ..
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is: " Twice shared by black, white and blue. " This coat of arms was introduced in this form by the Canton founding, its colors match those of the State coat of arms. By 1953 Oberkulm used the same coat of arms.
Population
Population development:
On December 31, 2013 2893 people lived in Unterkulm, the proportion of foreigners was 27.2 %. At the 2000 census, 53.5 % were reformed. 16.5% Roman Catholic, 14.7% Muslim; 1.9% belonged to other faiths. 84.2 % identified German as their main language, Serbo-Croatian 5.5%, 5.0% Turkish, 1.8 % speak Italian, 1.6% Albanian.
Politics and Law
The Assembly of the voters, the municipal assembly, shall exercise the legislative power. Executive authority is the five-member council. His term of office is four years and he was elected in Majorzverfahren ( majority voting procedure) by the people. He leads and represents the community. To this end, he implements the decisions of the municipal assembly and the tasks that were assigned to him by the cantonal and federal.
For litigation, the District Court in Unterkulm is responsible. Unterkulm belongs together with Oberkulm and Teufenthal justice of the peace circle Kulm.
Economy
In Unterkulm there according to Census 2008, approximately 1200 jobs, of which 8% in agriculture, 48 % in industry and 44 % in the service sector. By far the most important company is the KWC AG, the largest Armaturenfabrik Switzerland. Also of importance are the manufacture of school furniture as well as the transport industry. Many working population commuters and work in the region Reinach or in Aarau and environment.
Traffic
Through the village the main road 23 from Aarau via Beromunster to Sursee, a side street on the Böhler Pass to Schöftland. The connection to the public transport network is carried out by the Wynentalbahn that runs right next to the main road, with the stations and Unterkulm Unterkulm North.
Education
The municipality has two kindergartens and three school houses in which all levels of compulsory elementary school are taught (primary school, secondary school, secondary school, school district ). Unterkulm also has a vocational school. The nearest district school (high school ) is located in Aarau.
Personalities
- Ludwig Berner (1794-1857), State Councillor and Judge
- Klaus Merz (* 1945), writer