Zabrze
Zabrze [ zabʒɛ ] ( German Hindenburg OS ) is an Upper Silesian city in Silesia in southern Poland, about 150 km southeast of Wrocław, about 90 km north- west of Kraków and an important center of the Upper Silesian industrial region (mining, machinery and metallurgy ).
- 2.1 Population development
- 3.1 District Administrators
- 3.2 Mayor
- 3.3 Mayor
- 3.4 Coat of Arms
- 3.5 Town twinning
- 8.1 Football in Hindenburg O / S. before 1945
- 8.2 Football in Zabrze 1945
- 9.1 freeman
- 9.2 Sons and daughters of the town
- 9.3 Other personalities who are associated with the city
Geography
Zabrze is bordered by the cities of Gliwice ( Gleiwitz ), Bytom ( Bytom ) and Ruda Śląska ( Ruda ) and to the counties ( powiat ) and Gliwice tarnogórski.
Boroughs
The city of Zabrze covers an area of 80.4 km ² with 17 districts:
- Biskupice ( Biskupitz -Borsig factory )
- Centrum Polnoc ( Nord)
- Południe Centrum ( Centre South )
- Grzybowice ( mushroom village)
- Helenka ( Helenenhof )
- Kończyce ( Kunz village)
- Maciejów ( Mathesdorf )
- Makoszowy ( Makoszowy )
- Mikulczyce ( Mikultschütz; 1936-45: Klaus Berg OS)
- Osiedle Janek (translated: Janek estate, new construction after 1945 )
- Osiedle Mikołaja Copernicus (translated: Nicolaus Copernicus settlement construction after 1945 )
- Osiedle Młodego Górnika (translated: young miner settlement construction after 1945 )
- Osiedle Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego
- Pawłów ( Paulsdorf )
- Rokitnica ( Rokittnitz; 1936-45: Martinau )
- Zaborze Polnoc ( Zaborze - Poremba North )
- Zaborze Południe ( Zaborze - Poremba South)
History
The independent small settlement was first mentioned in Zabrze (later Alt- Zabrze ) in the years 1295-1305 as the " Sadbre immersive Cunczindorf " (ie Sabre or Cunczindorf = the village of Cunzen or the Conrads ) and was thereafter Bohemian, Habsburg and Prussian rule. The oldest settlement within the present city limits is Biskupitz ( 1243 ). 1774 Dorothee village was founded, in 1775 Klein- Zabrze.
In 1873, the district administration for the same new group was set up in the rural community of Zabrze. This was originated in the south of the existing circuit Bytom in the district of the Prussian province of Opole Silesia. The distribution of this existing since 1815 circle had been necessary due to the greatly increased number of inhabitants as a result of industrialization.
On April 1, 1905, the communes Alt- Zabrze, Klein- Zabrze, Dorothee village and Gutsbezirk Zabrze were summarized to the new total community Zabrze and incorporated the colony C of Zaborze.
The rural community of Zabrze was renamed on February 21, 1915 decision of the county and with this in honor of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg in the "Hindenburg OS" (OS = Upper Silesia ). After dissolution of the province of Silesia in November 1919 showed the independent province of Upper Silesia from the district of Opole. Hindenburg O.S. then became part of the province of Upper Silesia.
On October 1, 1922, the former rural community Hindenburg OS was ( the former " largest village in Europe " ) granted the right of cities - order for the six eastern provinces of the Prussian monarchy of 30 May 1853. The recent settlements of the municipality Hindenburg OS (Alt - Zabrze, Dorothee village and small - Zabrze ) became the center of the new city Hindenburg OS together. On January 1, 1927, the district Hindenburg was O.S. dissolved and the municipality Hindenburg O.S. formed from now on with the entire rest of the district - without the rural community Sosnitza and Gutsbezirk Sosnitza - the new urban district of Hindenburg OS ( District-free city). The following communities were incorporated: Biskupitz -Borsig factory, Mathesdorf and overall community Zaborze.
On April 1, 1938, the former Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were again grouped with the province of Silesia to be split on 18 January 1941 as provinces back into Upper and Lower Silesia. Hindenburg O.S. was separated from the district of Opole and placed under the administrative district of Katowice.
On 24 January 1945 the city was occupied by the Red Army, made on 19 March 1945 under Polish administration and thereafter joined the Silesian Voivodeship. The majority of the German population was, if not escaped, sold or reported in the subsequent period. 1946, the city received its former name Zabrze again.
In 1950, the city came to Katowice Voivodeship. In 1951 the incorporation of Makoszowy ( Makoszowy ), Kunz village, Paul village, Mikultschütz, Rokittnitz, mushroom village later Helenenhof.
In 1953 the city of Essen ( Ruhrgebiet) the sponsorship of Hindenburg OS taken. Currently, this sponsorship is seen as a sponsorship of the displaced and resettled Hindenburger and their cultural heritage. In Essen is also the " Hindenburger home collection ".
In 1999, for Zabrze Silesian Voivodeship and received the status of an independent city.
Population Development
At the last census from 2002 known from the then 195 293 inhabitants, 158 425, or 81.1 % of Polish Nationality, 3835 persons (1.96 %) described themselves as " Silesian", 2592 (1.33 %) than German and 123 ( 0.06 %) than Roma. 30,113 people did not indicate their nationality. This lives in Zabrze a small, but nevertheless pay, and proportionally largest German minority of all cities in the Silesian Voivodeship.
Policy
District administrators
Mayor
Mayor
( after 1945 )
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Zabrze presents on a gold background a brick red three- tower with battlements and blue gear dar. It was used 1927-1948 and again in slightly modified form since 1990.
Twinning
Zabrze maintains partnerships with the following cities:
- Essen, North Rhine -Westphalia, in 1953 sponsorship of Hindenburg OS, no official twinning, but since 2000 a close urban cooperation (cooperation ) on the basis of the existing sponsorship, 2008, a deed was signed cooperation
- Sangerhausen, Saxony- Anhalt, since 1983
- Seclin, France, since 1987
- Lund, Sweden, since 1992
- Rotherham, England, since
- Trnava, Slovakia, 1995
- Kaliningrad, Russia, since 1998
- Rivne, Ukraine, since 2001
- Zahle, Lebanon, since 2007
Attractions
- Main Post
- " Admiral Palace " (office and retail building with hotel and restaurant, built from 1925 to 1927 by the Berlin architect Richard Bielenberg and Josef Moser )
- Borsig factory - settlement
- Anna Church
- Joseph's Church (1930-1931 Dominic Böhm )
- New Theatre
- Coal Mining Museum
- St. Andrew's Church
- Shot wooden church
- Mining Open-Air Museum " Queen Louise "
- Water Tower
- Hospital (former miners' hospital) with Water Tower ( 1906-1907 )
- Bergwerksmuseum Guido, an anchor point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
Economy
Today Zabrze is a significant scientific, cultural and industrial center in the Upper Silesian industrial region. Among other things there are here institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Upper Silesian Philharmonic as well as companies in the electronics, glass or food industry. Since 1841 mining activity in the region.
Traffic
In transport links provide access to the network of the Upper Silesian tram.
Recreation
The woiwodschaftliche Culture and Recreation Park and the Maciejów Park (formerly " Math Wald " ) serve as recreational areas for the residents of Zabrze. The Botanical Garden also enjoys a large popularity. A landmark is the water tower Zabrze.
Sports
Football in Hindenburg O / S. before 1945
SpVgg drawbar Hindenburg
SV Delbrück shafts Hindenburg
The successful Hindenburger club was founded in 1910, the SC Preußen Hindenburg. He played in the highest German football league, the Gauliga Silesia or from the year 1941 in the Gauliga Upper Silesia and once took part in the final round of the German Cup. In addition, still existed in Hindenburg O / S. the following football clubs: SpVgg drawbar, the drawbar TV, TuS Hindenburg 09, the SV Delbrück shafts and Sportfreunde Klausenberg.
Football in Zabrze 1945
The importance of sport can be read in Zabrze especially at the football club Gornik Zabrze, which is a Polish record holder.
Personalities
Freeman
- Heinz Tobolla (1925-2013), sculptor and artist, since 2007 Honorary Citizen of the City Zabrze
- Janosch (* 1931), German illustrator, children's book author and writer, since 2011 honorary citizen
Sons and daughters of the town
- Politics and economics Franz Drescher (1871-1934), German industrialist
- Karl Godulla (1781-1848), Prussian " zinc King "
- Frederick Kramer ( born 1938 ), German politician ( CDU)
- Ilse Ridder -Melchers (* 1944), German politician (SPD )
- Erich Russek (1893-1945), German politician ( NSDAP)
- Siegfried Deinege ( b. 1955 ), engineer, German local politician
- Science, Education, Media Janpeter Kob (1927-1986), German sociologist
- Günter Kohlmann (1933-2005), German professor of criminal law
- Günter Kolodziej (1924-1996), German bandleader, choir director, conductor and composer
- Friedrich Nowottny (* 1929), German television journalist
- Erich Muscholl (* 1926), German scientist (medicine)
- Arts and Culture Robert Bednorz (1882-1973), German sculptor
- Helmut Calgéer (1922-2010), German musician, music teacher and conductor
- Cyprys Werner (1922-2000), German singer, composer and music producer
- Edeltraud Eckert (1930-1955), German writer
- Halina Golanko ( b. 1948 ), Polish actress
- Barbara Grabowska (1954-1994), Polish actress
- Heiduczek Werner (* 1926), German writer
- Janosch (actually: Horst Eckert, * 1931), German children's author
- January jargon (1928-1995), Polish organist and composer
- Joachim Kerzel (* 1941), German actor
- Dieter Olaf Klama (* 1935), German artist
- Daze Maxim (actually: Markus Stanislaw Manowski, born 1977 ), musician
- Kurt Prokscha (1919-1998), conductor
- Heinz Tobolla (1925-2013), sculptor and artist, since 2007 Honorary Citizen of the City Zabrze
- Adrian Topol (* 1981), German actor
- Dorothee von Velsen (1883-1970), German writer and women's rights activist
- Horst Wrobel (* 1935), German designer, founder of the mill museum Gifhorn and recipient of the Order of Merit of the State of Lower Saxony
- Krystian Zimerman ( born 1956 ), pianist
- Adam Jaskolka (* 1979), actor
- Sports Tomasz Bandrowski ( born 1984 ), Polish footballer ( Energie Cottbus )
- Adam Bodzek (* 1985), German - Polish footballer
- Jerzy Gorgoń ( b. 1949 ), Polish footballer
- Werner Janik (1920-2003), international footballer and football coach
- Zbigniew Jaremski (1949-2011), Polish sprinter
- Henryk Kasperczak ( b. 1946 ), Polish footballer and coach
- Rudolf Kozlowski ( born 1935 ), Polish weightlifter
- Waldemar Ksienzyk (* 1963), German football player
- Fritz Laband (1925-1982), German national football team (World Champion 1954)
- Siegfried Schubert ( Silla ) ( born October 4, 1939), German national ice hockey player and coach
- Adrian Spyrka (* 1967), German football player
- Paul Thomik (* 1985), German - Polish footballer
- Kurt Tschenscher (* 1928), German football referee
- Wojtek Wolski ( born 1986 ), Canadian ice hockey player
- Other Joachim Kroll (1933-1991), German serial killer
Other personalities who are associated with the city
- Franciszek Trabalski ( born October 10, 1870 in Czempiń; † July 26, 1964 in Zabrze ) was a Polish socialist politician (PPS, PZPR ).
Trivia
The mining town of Zabrze is mentioned as the origin of the pseudo- Polish family of musicians Popolski. From there Popolski The show is "Live from the plate " sent fictitious.