Borbecksch Platt dialect

Spoken in

(the area of the former mayor's Borbeck ) ( Germany )

Indo-European Germanic West Germanic low German West Low German Westphalian Fränkisch- Westphalia Pin - Essen - dialect Borbecksch

Borbecksch Platt ( also Borbecker platform or in short called Borbecksch ) is in the Essen Northwest and in Oberhausen southeast ( the territory of the former mayor's Borbeck and their larger neighborhoods ) Spoken language border dialect, which consists of elements of the Lower Saxony and Lower Franconia and West Münsterländische, ie, for Lower Saxony is expected.

The language area of the Borbeck 's located directly on the unit plural line.

3.1 Historical Phonology
3.2 pronunciation

4.1 Spelling
4.2 morphology 4.2.1 Personal pronouns
4.2.2 Numerals
4.2.3 The prefix ge -

5.1 people names
5.2 Bit and little

7.1 The "Our Father"
7.2 Borbecksche vocabulary

8.1 Dictionary
8.2 writers

Classification

According to " The Cathedral on the Hellweg " is one of the historical territory of the Reich Food pin and thus the language area of the Borbecker Platte to West Münsterländische, so Lower Saxony. The Westmünsterländische is caused by the mixing of the different ways of speaking of the Franks and the Saxons and shares many characteristic times of Lower Franconia and the Dutch, grammatically it is the Westphalian / Saxon suggests, however. Therefore, the " Westmünsterländische " is also called " Frankish - Westphalia ". The linguist Wrede referred to this dialect area in its Explanatory text on the "German Linguistic Atlas " " Dutch neighborhood " as an area of and put it the Treaty of Westphalia and its typically broken utterances, such as, among others, ue, ui opposite.

The southern boundary of this language area consists of Bredeney and Rellinghausen (today the city of Essen ). The southwest side of the area form Pigtails, Fulerum (now the city of Essen ), Hot, Dümpten (now the city of Mülheim and city of Oberhausen ) and Oberhausen, who belonged to the 18th century to the reign Broich and Sterkrade and Königshardt (now the city of Oberhausen ). In these places was and is Ostbergisch (ie Low Franconian ) speaking. The eastern boundary consists of Steele, Karnap, Kray (now the city of Essen ), Buer (now Gelsenkirchen ), Marl, holders, a 20 km long bog, Coesfeld and spelled following Gronau. To the east of these places was and is Münsterland (ie Low Saxon ) spoken.

The whole area between the curves of the Issel, spelled and dysentery presented before industrialization not only linguistically a cultural area is also the law of succession, there was the Anerbenrecht, and the settlement, which was characterized by isolated farms with double sided houses, it joined.

History

9th to 13th century

After isolated words in Latin texts occurs shortly before the middle of the 9th century the first regional language in appearance: The Altniederdeutsche ( in Borbeck the Altwestniedersächsische ). In Latin texts we find the expression lingua Saxonica ( roughly " Saxon language "). The few surviving texts until today this period, locally sourced food, Münster and Freckenhorst and were made between 830 and about 1050. Around the year 869 produced one of the oldest Essen bezw. Borbecker finds of this period: it is a directory submission or lifting registers mentioned in the Borbeck as Borthbeki. From the mid-11th century to the beginning of the 13th century after that is written again in Latin.

14th to 18th century

At the beginning of the 14th century, the Old Saxon converts to a number of developments for today Middle Low German languages referred to stage. Within a century is this, supported by the Hanseatic League and the urban middle class, leading to the written language in the north of Central Europe and serves as a lingua franca in the northern half of Europe. There is an influence of Middle Low German on the Scandinavian languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish, which is characterized by numerous loanwords. Middle Low German documents are available from London in the west to Novgorod in the east and mountains in the north to the south Westphalia. The Middle Low German creates and leaves in its scope a considerable secular and ecclesiastical literature, place names, field names, and especially many family names, an extensive historical and legal literature and business prose. The Latin is limited to intra- ecclesiastical and scientific written language.

Despite the direction towards a standardization, regional Middle Low German writing languages can be divided out, which differ by linguistic variables. So in Middle Low German four ê - lute face two ô - sounds which can be simplified over time.

The area around Münster is the core area of a transformation that leaves the Westphalian Platt arise. The newly created platform stands out because of its many diphthongs. At the margins of this sphere of influence as the Sauerland and the Lower Saxon areas of Westphalia which development takes place weaker, in the center of Münster and in East Westphalia most pronounced. On this basis, the dialects in Westmünsterland as well as in South Westphalia and today Dutch parts of Westphalia to make another change by: Many diphthongs ( which had arisen from long vowels ) is reduced by one element, so that short vowels occur (for example, "eat", in other Lower Saxony ääten / Eeten, iäten of Westphalia, etten in West Münsterländische ). This development not only leads to the emergence of a different pronunciation, but also results in a different structure of the language. Since this simplification is performed differently in Westphalia from landscape to landscape, the Westmünsterländische and the opposite also Südwestfälische, Eastern Westfalia and Münsterländische within the Westphalian developed.

But even within the West Münsterländische develop differences. The peasantry and the larger neighborhoods of Borbecker district, an area that accounts for about a quarter of the Essen pin area and the center of the present city of Oberhausen up to the tithe boundary of the imperial abbey of Werden ( today part of Essen) ranges belong linguistically to the western part of the Vestes Recklinghausen or Untervest and the Mundartberech, the spelled and the Dutch Achterhoek also encompasses the districts of Borken and Ahaus west between Issel, Berkel and spelled. The unequal size distance to other dialect areas such as the Frankish speech area and their influence on the local platform generate further differences. The dialect of Borbeck wins quirks and develops into an independent local dialect: Borbecksch arises.

Comparison of the West Münsterland Borbecksch with the four languages spoken in Germany Westphalian dialect groups ( typical notation):

Because of the sparse population Borbecks also formulations that can be understood only in the settlements where they originated arise. Thus, for example, in a Bedingrader development "De Berries leggen still em dam " ( The beds are not made ) told elsewhere in Borbeck this sentence is not understood. Overall, however, the language follows the pattern of the place.

The Middle Low German is irrespective of the local dialects, together with the Latin until the 17th century literary language. However, it is characterized by a Westphalian substrate, but in general it follows the standard Lübeck. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Middle Low German is replaced by the coined by Martin Luther NHG. Gradually, it is replaced by the High German written language. Other reasons for the change of language from the platform and High German are the demise of the Hanseatic League and the formation of an economic center of gravity in southern Germany and the printing press.

19th century

After the end of the Empire in 1803 Borbeck pin food is as French occupied territory in 1808 to the municipality. French words find their way into Borbecker dialect.

The reconstruction of Europe by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 leads to the fact that the community Borbeck is part of the Prussian Rhine Province. The result is the independent mayor Borbeck. Despite new affiliation, the dialect not changed.

With the advent of mining Borbeck and the Ruhr loses his hitherto rural and agricultural character and changes to industrial agglomeration. By 1840, several holes of various unions in search of mineable coal reserves have found it in the space of community Borbeck. Then develop several mines such as mine Wolfsbank, Neuwesel mine, mine Christian Levin, colliery Zeche New Cologne and Amalie. 1966 includes the last colliery in Borbecker room.

The locations of the Ruhr area to grow - albeit at different rates - sharply. In the first immigration phases many speakers come from low-and medium- Franconian or Westphalian dialect areas in the following phases is a large influx from the four eastern provinces of the German Empire ( East Prussia, West Prussia, Silesia and Posen ) that German, Polish or Masurian speak. Above all, the immigration 1850-1900 provides for a sevenfold increase in the Ruhr area of the population. Around this time, less than half of the residents are also born there in Essen or Dortmund and Duisburg.

The costs associated to the Ruhr with the immigration changes in tradition and community, such as the task of customs and festivals and the change from village communities with informal communication structure through to urban anonymity serve as evidence of the momentous changes that have consequences on the traditional voice system. The conditions that have contributed during industrialization extensions to the vocabulary and changes the syntax of the source language, are direct influences on the language system. The increasing change in all walks of life require a functioning administration. This presupposes, however, that technical language terms and neologisms are involved. The use restrictions for the Low German dialects gradually leads to the fact that certain terms are not a desirable means of expression in the Low German more. With the suppression of the Low German dialects in the Ruhr area is taking place at the same time the spread of the High German language of communication.

Another cause that leads to language changes, the mass relocation within the cities and industrial areas. Few of the immigrants stay longer than a year in each place before moving on again to elsewhere to find better-paid work. The result is that the learning of local dialects is not worthwhile.

The Duisburg philologist Arend Mihm: "The old dialects since industrialization had no chance to keep the communication medium for the vast majority of the population. The object relating to the structure of agriculture small scale and the large distance from the High German as the national language made the Low German varieties unsuitable for the large population movements that were required in the settlement of the industry. "

The expansion of the school system in the 18th and 19th century, compulsory education, and the emergence of low-cost printed products lead to linguistic change. The 1951 late teacher and local poet Hermann Hagedorn complains, during his school days no Low German was spoken: " Doet where woll'n trurige Tied Release ons connoisseur. On't words n all nech nödig gewäss. Met een eenzig Plattdütsch Wöetken hääd'n sö ons Danish Schoole Taum paradise maken can. "

20th century to today

The High German is increasingly becoming a language of the country immigrating population and the immigrants of other languages and loses in the decades after 1900 for many residents of the Ruhr area of social prestige. It develops a new everyday language, the "Ruhr German ", which, although it approximates the standard language, but is by no means to be equated with it. The respective local dialect colored by the German Ruhr each place. Until about 1914, is Borbecksch, regardless of the Ruhr and High German, is still spoken by the majority of Frintroper, Bedingrader, Dellwiger and Gersch Eder. Even after 1914, the spokespersons of Borbecker dialect is shrinking steadily.

Today is the Borbecksche and the Low German dialects of the Ruhr area for many Borbecker - despite still appearing releases on Platt in the local newspaper Borbecker news - no longer known. The Culture Historical Society Borbeck tried using home afternoons when native speakers recite poems and songs in dialect to maintain the dialect. The group in the middle of Borbeck organized actions preserving the language. Among other things, visitors Borbecker Christmas market were entertained with some pieces on Borbecksch. Also, a musical show with a matching story there was. A memorial stone on repentance mountain, the Hagedorn stone, reminiscent of the well-known representative of the dialect Hermann Hagedorn. Some street names such as Heeme (home ) and the name of the carnival association small - Aff ( free from ) are reminiscent of the Platt.

Phonetics and phonology

Historical phonology

The Borbecksch Platt as well as the other Low German dialects not taken part in the Second Sound Shift. The corresponding words in languages that also mitmachten this sound shift only to a small extent or not at all, such as the Dutch, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and the Icelandic therefore resemble the words of Borbeck 's.

Consonants in Borbeck 's ↔ consonants in High German

D, dd → t:

Impedances, Midde ↔ dance center

T, tt → z:

Löwentant, Had ↔ dandelion, heart

T, tt → s:

Water, etten ↔ water, eat

T, tt → tz:

Cassettes, dretterig ↔ set, dirty

P → f:

Looping, run opbüen ↔, cancel

P, pp → pf:

Prumen, Kopp ↔ plums, head

K → ch:

Kärke, maaken ↔ church, make

W → b:

Schriewdisch, Owendskall ↔ Desk, Evening chat

Pronunciation

The linguistic landscape Essen- Enschede - Deventer, at which the Borbecksch belongs is characterized by simple and broadly drawn E -and O- lute. Together with the Lower Franconian in Mülheim, Dinslaken and Wesel this has the simple vowels, which are broken into short diphthongs in Bochum, Gelsenkirchen and Recklinghausen ( the historic county of Mark ).

Grammar

Spelling

There is no uniform or mandatory spelling in Borbeck 's. The spelling is more or less individually. For example:

Morphology

Borbecksch is no standardized language, grammatical rules have not been set. A comprehensive grammatical description of the Borbeck 's is therefore difficult if not impossible.

Personal pronouns

Number words

25: fiefontwentig
30: dattig
40: vettig
50: fieftig, fiftig, fifftig
60: sesstig
70: sewwenzig
80: eighty, eighty
90: neggenzig
100: honnert
1000: do'usend

The prefix ge -

The prefix ge - for the characterization of the past participle and nouns derived from it is similar to the High German language development, first in the written language ( Middle Low German ) was integrated, however, have not fully adopted throughout the Low German area. Where was it not adopted this language feature nowhere to be found in the spoken and later written language. Accordingly, one finds this prefix in Dutch and Prussian and (reduced to e-) for example in Ostfalen, but not in the East Frisia, Lower Saxony and North Mecklenburg.

In Borbeck 's this prefix has been completely taken over, in contrast to other western Münsterland dialects such as the Bork Platt ( Borken ) or the Bokelts Platt ( Bocholt). Cause of this difference is likely the vicinity of the Franconian language area. In the right on the Franconian language area bordering Borbeck 's dialect area you can still say " Ick Haew öm geseihen " or " Den Moder het't gesagg ". In Bocholt further away from the border ( Bokelts Platt), the prefix is attenuated in E already (for example, "He is upestaohn " or "Hey hew't nich edoan "). In Borken, that is in the Saxon language area in the middle, this is already attenuated e - frequently disappeared.

The general cause of this slowdown or the shrinkage of the prefix ge - is not clear. It is uncertain how the participle was formed in the Old Saxon language. Thus, the Heliand in the Our Father, the line: geuuîhid sî thin namo uuordo gehuuilico on Borbecksch says Din name sall gehillig would and Northern Low Saxon states hilligt warrn sound serving Naam. Comparisons with the closely related Anglo-Saxon language also suggest that the participle may have been formed with prefix. Ancient written sources from the Carolingian period show both forms, as it were, however, written by Frankish monks, they are not particularly reliable in this respect. Middle Low German sources from the 14th and 15th century show both forms.

Morphology

A common word ending is " -ken/-sken ". It serves the trivialization of the person bezw. of that thing. For example:

This ending is also used further in the Ruhr Germans, a successor of the Platte. For example:

Verbs in the plural

Borbeck is located on the unit line plural ( " Westphalian line " ) mentioned boundary line between the Rhine and Westphalia dialects. The Rhine and Lower Rhine have, such as the German standard, two different forms in the present tense forms of the verbs in the plural. The Westphalian is characterized by its unit plural in the present tense of verbal forms, that is, that the first, second and third person plural are the same verb form that on -t and in the subjunctive ending in-en in the indicative. In Borbeck there are both the Rhenish and the Westphalian form.

In a few words, there are different plural forms such as wi schluuten, gitt schlütt, sö peduncle ( → close ) or wi sending, gitt sid, (his → ) sö send, at some there is only a single form such as wi offset, gitt betting, betting sö (→ know). In many words, there are two options: So you could both wi mögd gitt, mögd, sö mögd and möggen wi, gitt mögd, sö möggen (→ like ) say.

Vocabulary

References to persons

The Borbecksche uses, as many other dialects also, a very rich vocabulary. For example, there are in addition to countless insults and harsh remarks, which can be said, a large number of vocabulary, conditions, behavior or properties of certain persons or groups characterize. Typical endings of many of these words are ~ kopp (~ head ) ( for example Klowerkopp, Quaterkopp, cap Kopp, Zockskopp, Pröttelkopp ) ~ fott (~ butt ) ( Klöngelfott, Wippfott, Schockelfott ) and ~ bucksche (~ pants ) ( Kongelbucksche, Fuhlbucksche ). Many insults are related ( Honne ) ( dreigeneihte Honne, spitzfennige Honne, hatt hearing Honne ), pigs ( Färkes ) ( Färkesbäre, Färkesdäss ) and goats ( Hibben ) ( anxious Hibbe ) also with animals such as dogs.

Describe another example of vocabulary that certain characteristics of individuals or groups is "girls". A big girl is called Schleit, a little girl called Hümmelken or Hüppken. " Son would Zubbelken mott yet born " ( Such a messy girl gives it not again ), with a dirty girl from a Schmuddelken: In a messy girl is called a Zubbelken. The invent further and new names or general vocabulary is easy and arises from the situation.

Little and little

Around 1885 it was said in Borbeck and all present north of Essen bettken predominantly or bittken ( bit ), bed around in the south of Essen, on the other hand. At least Hermann Hagedorn used in his poems and short stories predominantly Betschen ( for example, " Wenterdagg " ( Had on Heeme - Botterblaumen ) ), but also related bettken ( " Heissa hop Kathrenneken " ( also had on Heeme - Botterblaumen ) ).

Neighboring dialects

( Westmünsterländsch )

( Westmünsterländisch )

(probably Ostbergisch, as in Mülheim )

( Westmünsterländisch )

( Ostbergisch )

( Westmünsterländisch )

After a 1936 marked by Helmut Hellberg map illustrating the dialect boundaries of the Low German language in the area between Long Mountain in the south and lip in the north and Mülheim in the west and Recklinghausen in the east, the Bottropsch borders platform on the north by the Borbecksche. The Emscher is considered borderline differences between these two dialects, but there is little.

In the north- east and east of the Borbeck Altenessener Platt borders.

The Essensch Platt is bordered on the southwest by the Borbecksche. It is the vernacular of today's downtown Essen. Despite the proximity to Borbeck and belonging to the same language area, the two dialects differ. In a newspaper article that appeared in the WAZ 2007, even amazement at the immediate existence of Borbecksch and Essensch is when two "very strong" distinctive dialects practiced side by side. One difference, for example, the high German influence. The quite some time urbanized Food (now the downtown Essen ) was under a greater influence than the country for a long time remained Borbeck. John Pesch wrote on Borbecksch and Essensch.

The southern border is unsafe: After explaining the size of the Borbeck between language area in the booklet of the CD " Borbecksch Platt - Heeme, wat Haew ick di Leiw " extends the language should be up to the historic tithe boundary of the imperial abbey of Werden. The local dialect is the Waddische. According Hellbergs card but it could also be that Frohnhausen, Holsterhausen and Ruettenscheid that lie between Borbeck and becoming, form a separate dialect area. Frohnhausen and Holsterhausen belonged until 1871 to the mayoralty Borbeck.

The following comparison is based on the platform Hermann Hagedorn ( Borbecksch ) and August Hahn ( Waddisch ):

The Läppkes mill creek separates the Borbecker dialect in the southwest of Mölmsch Platt ( Mülheim ). The vocabulary of the two dialects are sometimes very different. For example, hot teeth on Borbecksch "Tenne " on Mölmsch but " complexion " ( Dümpten ) or " Taun ". For Mülheim, who moved in time to Borbeck to the Borbecksch was most spoken language, there have been major communication problems. There was even teasing because of these language differences.

The following comparison is based on the platform Hermann Hagedorn ( Borbecksch ) and the online Mölmschwörterbuch the city of Mülheim / Ruhr:

In the west, bordering the former to rule Broich belonging places Oberhausen and Dümpten to Borbeck.

The Osterfelder Platt is bordered to the northwest by the Borbecksche. Boundary line is just like the Bottropsch Platt also the Emscher.

Examples

The "Our Father"

Borbecksche vocabulary

In addition to the Low German especially the French influence is from the vocabulary of the dialect. Some words are similar especially the Dutch language.

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