Bragança Municipality

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Bragança [ bɾɐɡɐsɐ ] is a city ( Cidade ) and a circle ( concelho ) in Portugal, with 35 319 inhabitants (as at 30 June 2011). It is the capital of the district Bragancas. The House of Braganza is derived from this noble family and introduced from 1640 to 1853 the kings of Portugal, and from 1822 to 1889, the Emperor of Brazil.

  • 3.1 circle
  • 3.2 Demographics
  • 3.3 Town twinning
  • 4.1 Railway and remote bus
  • 4.2 Highways
  • 4.3 airport
  • 4.4 Public transport

History

Until the independence of Portugal ( 1139 )

Findings and excavations evidence of a settlement since the late Paleolithic. Since around the end of the Bronze Age 700 to 1000 BC settled here reinforces people. The Castro culture of living here, Asturian Celtic Zoelae and Baniense - Etnien remained roughly until the appearance of the Romans from about the 2nd century BC, whose influence made ​​itself slowly but surely noticeable. Everywhere in what is now the district were found Roman- Lusitanian grave times, ceramics and some bronze coins from the time, especially in Castro de Avelãs, that was probably the most important settlement on the Roman road passing here to Astorga. The Atlas of Justus Perthes shows only three known places in this area, notably Aquae Flaviae (now Chaves ), Veniatia (now Vinhais ), and Zoelae (today Castro de Avelãs ), the capital of the Celtic tribe of the same name. The region belonged to the province Gallaecia and was under the administration of Asturica Augusta ( Astorga today ). As a then existing location from which the present Bragança could be derived directly, Brigantia applies to, but there is little information about it. The Romans were followed Visigoths and Suevi, who joined their empire this region and wheat cultivation introduced, one of the few legacies of the Visigoths and Suevi, in addition to some local place names such as Guadramil, Gimonde or Samil. The first documented mention of the settlement ( Pagus ), which developed into today's Bragança, was found in the Acts of the Council of Lugo, in the year 569 AD, under the place name Vergancia. Under the administration of King Wamba the place was recorded in the year 666 as Bregancia. However, since the documents are not in the original, but only as later copies exist in which the writer own interpretations are not excluded, these data are not considered as fully secured.

From 711, the Visigoths and Suevi were expelled by the Moors, who also left little trace, at least in the areas above the Douro, in contrast to their diverse heritage in their more southern dominions. Only in traditional legends and place names such as Alfaião, Babe, Baçal, Bagueixe or Mogadouro is also found here a little of this Arab heritage. Presumably, the area was only sparsely populated than the Reconquista came up and pushed the Moors to the south. The onset of colonization followed therefore was under the influence of Asturias (later Leon), which still shows up in the Asturleonesischen languages ​​that have here with the Mirandés and the Guadramilés two surviving versions. In a document of King Ramiro III. of León ( term 966-984 ) is then already officially mentioned as a parish of the Diocese of Astorga Bragança.

From 1139 to today

Due to its elevated position on strategic roads Bragança became increasingly important, especially after the independence of the Kingdom of Portugal from unsecured 1139th King D.Sancho I built the Reconquista in the heavily damaged site back up, fixed it again, and gave him 1187 city rights ( Foral ). 1199 freed D.Sancho I. the city from the siege by Alfonso IX. (León ) and established today's Portuguese place names. King D.Afonso III. confirmed the city rights in 1253 and 1272 also gave Bragança market rights. The town flourished in the sequence.

During the Revolution of 1383, the attempt of Castile entitled to inherit, to monopolize Portugal, Bragança fell to the neighbors. Since 1401 it is Portuguese again. 1464, the previous Vila was raised ( small town ) to the city ( Cidade ). King Manuel I renewed the city charter with a new Provincial Council 1514th In 1770, Bragança has also been episcopal see.

Culture and sights

Bragança has a medieval walled city area, the Upper Town, which is also called Cidadela. Symbol of community sovereignty is the Pelourinho (German: " pillory "), a kapitellgekrönte column. She stands here in a specially pierced " Porca da Vila ", the sculpture of a pig, which is a common in northern Portugal and the adjacent regions of Spain relic from Celtic times. This is based on the 33 -meter high castle tower, in which a small military museum. The two well-preserved ring walls of the castle date from the original construction phase (1187-1189) and the second phase ( 14th century). The Roman Domus Municipalis was a meeting house, on the long stone benches, the stalls of the city met or talked with the king. It is the oldest and best -preserved secular building in the country.

The Museu Iberico because Máscara e do traje shows masks and costumes of the region, including related traditions on the Spanish side. The Art Museum Centro de Arte Contemporânea Graça Morais dedicated to modern art.

In the lower town especially the cathedral from the 16th century is to be called, with gilded wood carving ( Talha dourada ), the cloister, and with 39 images from the life of Ignatius of Loyola equipped sacristy. In the former Bishop's Palace houses the Town Museum Museu de Joao Baçal in which, inter alia, extensive archaeological collections in the region can be seen. Numerous citizens homes, historic public buildings, bridges, parks, religious buildings and fountains are under monument protection. Even the former station ( Estação Ferroviária de Bragança ) from the late 19th century is one of them. It is part of the central bus station of the city, and is a part of a transport museum.

Management

Circle

Bragança is the seat of the homonymous district. The neighboring districts are clockwise beginning in the north: Spain, Vimioso, Macedo de Cavaleiros and Vinhais.

The following municipalities are located in the district of Bragança:

  • Santa Comba de Rossa
  • Santa Maria ( Bragança )
  • São Julião de Palácios
  • São Pedro de Sarracenos
  • Sé ( Bragança )
  • Sendas
  • Serapicos
  • Sortes
  • Zoio

Demographics

Twinning

  • Spain: Zamora ( since 1984)
  • France France: Les Pavilions -sous -Bois (since 1996)
  • Italy Italy: Gallicano (Tuscany ) (since 1997)
  • Spain: La Bañeza, province of León (since 2001)
  • Brazil Brazil: Bragança Paulista (since 2004)
  • Spain: León ( since 2006)
  • Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe: Água Grande ( since 2008)

Traffic

Railway and remote bus

The town was the terminus of the railway line Linha do Tua, to the portion of Mirandela to Bragança in 1991 has been set. The station was converted to a small railway museum, and expanded the bus station in its vicinity. Several regional bus routes now here, particularly apply to Porto regular bus services. Bragança is integrated into the national bus network of speech Expressos.

Highways

The north-eastern city of the country was next to Portalegre and Beja one of the three district capitals without highway access, but the IP4 (part of European route 82) had been in parts already developed several lanes. The further expansion of IP4 to the A4 motorway to the Portuguese- Spanish border in Quintanilha should be completed by mid-2013, but no details are given the tense state finances as a result of the international banking crisis has been made. Some cuts have already been opened, in December 2012 the connection of Bragança to the border.

Airport

With the airport Bragança about ten kilometers northern the city council maintains a regional airport. Until 27 November 2012, the AeroVip flew every working day to Lisbon via Vila Real. The line was exposed, and it remained the charter flights, tourist sightseeing flights etc. Seasonal charter flights land here from France.

Public transport

The municipal transport company ( STUB - Serviços de Transportes Urbanos de Bragança ) cover the city with four color under different bus runs every half hour from the Express Urbana (German: urban lines), with the yellow, green, red and blue line. A special feature is the Linha Azul (English: Blue line), which is traveling with electric buses without fixed stops a route through the town center at 15- minute intervals and stops on command. From 8:00 to 19:00 clock, on line, entitled to every ticket stub for the passenger ride.

In addition entertained the STUB twelve Linhas Rurais (German: Rural lines), driving on the communities of the town every hour and connect with Bragança.

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Francisco de Morais (1500-1572), writer and royal treasurer
  • Jacob de Castro Sarmento (1691-1762), Jewish- Portuguese physician and scientist, pioneer of the teachings of Isaac Newton in Portugal
  • Francisco Xavier Doutel (18th century), businessman, military and colonial administrator
  • Manuel António Ferreira Deusdado (1858-1918), philosopher, educator, journalist and author
  • Joao de Baçal (1865-1947), archaeologist, historian and genealogist
  • Álvaro Eugénio Neves de Fontoura (1891-1975), military, politician and colonial administrator
  • Manuel Gonçalves Cavaleiro de Ferreira (1911-1992), lawyer, university professor and politician, minister of the Estado Novo regime
  • Telmo Pires (born 1972 ), Portuguese - German jazz and Fadosänger
  • Pizzi (* 1989), football player
Freguesia (Portugal) Social Democratic Party (Portugal) Astorga, Spain Wamba (king) Arab people Sancho I of Portugal Afonso III of Portugal 1383–85 Crisis Romanesque art Sacred–profane dichotomy Tracht Vimioso Municipality Macedo de Cavaleiros Municipality Samil, Portugal Santa Comba de Rossas 1801 1849 1900 1930 1960 1981 Zamora, Spain Tua line Rede Nacional de Expressos List of municipalities of Portugal Miranda do Douro Torre de Moncorvo Vila Flor
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