Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh (Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़, Chattisgarh, [ ʧ ʰ ː ʌtti sgʌɽ ʰ ], literally, " thirty-six forts ") is an Indian state with an area of 135,000 km ² and 25.5 million inhabitants ( 2011 census ). The capital is Raipur Chattisgarhs, but is currently being built the planned city Naya Raipur, which will serve as the seat of government in the future.
- 3.1 demographics
- 3.2 Adivasi
- 3.3 languages
- 3.4 religions
- 5.1 Political system
- 5.2 parties
Geography
Chhattisgarh borders the states of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh ( clockwise from the North).
Largest cities
(As of 2001 census )
History
After India's independence, a province of Chhattisgarh was formed on 15th August 1947, which was incorporated into the Central Provinces and Berar on 1 January 1948, the aufgingen 1956 in Madhya Pradesh. The state of Chhattisgarh was formed on 1 November 2000 by a majority vote of both Houses of the Federal Parliament, and the Parliament of Madhya Pradesh by a spin-off of the eastern districts of this state.
The southern part of the state is located for some time under the control of Maoist rebels ( Naxalites ). On 28 February 2006, 50 people died in Dantewada district in an attack by the Naxalites. This laid a land mine that blew up a truck convoy in the air, who returned from a meeting organized by the regional government training camp. The camp serves the training of militias, which are reflected the Naxalite uprising.
Population
Demography
According to the Indian census 2011 Chhattisgarh has 25,540,196 inhabitants. The population density is 189 inhabitants per square km, well below the national average. 23.2 % of residents Chhattisgarhs live in cities.
Adivasi
Chhattisgarh is located in the heart of Indian tribal land. The 2001 census recorded 31.8 % of the population of the state, or about 6.6 million people, as Adivasi, ie members of the tribal population. In the districts of Dantewada, Bastar, Jashpur, Kanker and Surguja majority of the population consists of Adivasis. The largest tribal peoples are the Gond, the place with 3.7 million members, more than half of the tribal population, followed by the Kawar, Oraon, Halba and Bhattra.
The Adivasis lived withdrawn earlier in inhospitable forest and mountain regions. In colonial times, the development of this area began. The family associations of the Adivasis have been displaced from their territories and resources of their regions - tropical timber, mineral resources, water resources - were released for exploitation. While they were able to use forests, rivers and fields blank in the period of British colonial rule, these are now mainly private landowners or controlled by the national minerals company NMDC. This is working closely with the international timber mafia and is under the control of the Hindu- nationalist People's Party BJP.
Languages
Main language Chhattisgarhs is Hindi, India's national language and the most widely spoken language of the country. According to the 2001 census 82.7 % of residents speak of the state of Hindi as their mother tongue. Under this number also fall 13.2 million speakers of the related with the Hindi regional language Chhattisgarhi, which is classified in official statistics as a Hindi dialect.
Under the tribal population, various minor languages used: Gondi, a Dravidian language, is spoken by part of the Gond population ( 4.3% of the population Chhattisgarhs ). Also the Dravidian language family includes the Kurukh (2.1%), which is spoken by the Oraon tribe. 3.9 % of the population of the state are classified in the census as Speaker of Oriya, the language of the neighboring state of Orissa. In fact, these are mostly to the speaker closely related to the Oriya tribal language Bhatri. Also closely related is that of the Halba Halabi spoken ( 2.6%).
As an official language Hindi Chhattisgarhs serves. English is ubiquitous as everywhere in India as transport and educational language.
Religions
The large majority of residents are Hindus Chhattisgarhs: According to the 2001 census, making it 94.7 % of the population of the state of. Muslims (2.0%) and Christians (1.9% ) make up only small minorities.
Environment
Deforestation and pollution from the extraction of mineral resources (especially coal ) have also restricted the habitat of wild elephants, who have retired since the 1980s from neighboring Jharkhand in the forests of Chhattisgarh and here since 2000 increasingly for destruction in outlying villages are responsible.
Policy
Political system
The Legislature of the State of Chhattisgarh consists of a unicameral parliament, the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha Chhattisgarh. The Parliament has 91 deputies, 90 of them every five years be elected by direct suffrage and shall be appointed as representatives of the Anglo-Indian minority by the Governor. Seat of the Parliament is Raipur. In total Indian Parliament Chhattisgarh is eleven MPs in the Lok Sabha, the lower house, and with five seats in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house represented.
The Chief Minister ( head of government) of the state of Chhattisgarh is elected by Parliament. At the head of the state, however, is appointed by the President of India Governor ( Governor ). Its main tasks include the appointment of the Chief Minister and his commission to form a government.
Highest Court of Chhattisgarh High Court Chhattisgarhs is based in Bilaspur.
Parties
The party politics Chhattisgarhs is dominated by two national parties, the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP ). The first government of the company founded in 2000, the State presented nor the Congress Party. The BJP but won the 2003 elections and ruled uninterruptedly since then. In the last parliamentary elections in December 2013, the BJP was able to decide 49 of 90 constituencies for themselves. The Congress Party follows with 39 parliamentary seats in second place. Furthermore, the Bahujan Samaj managed a candidate Party (BSP ) and an Independent to enter parliament.
As a result, the choice of Chief Minister Raman Singh has been confirmed by the BJP in office. He has held the office since December 7, 2003.
Administrative divisions
The state of Chhattisgarh is in the following 27 districts divided (population and population density according to the 2011 census ):
* According to the 2011 census, newly established, figures are not available. According to the 2011 census ** reduced by elimination of new districts, numbers refer to the district within the boundaries of 2011.