Earl of Mar

Earl of Mar or gaelic Mormaer of Mar is an old Scottish title of nobility, who belonged to the Peerage of the United Kingdom later. He is first documented in the North East of Scotland in the year 1014 and is therefore considered one of the oldest noble title in the UK and throughout Europe. The Earldom of Mar extended approximately over the area of ​​today's Marr Area Committee. His main seat was a long time Kildrummy Castle. Overall, the title " Earl of Mar" was awarded seven times over the course of history. A special feature is that there are two title of Earl of Mar for a lawsuit in the 19th century, whose award was retroactively set at the 1404 or 1565. Thus had all the Earls of Mar 1565-1836 - held both titles in one person - in their time " unrecognized ".

  • 4.1 The early Mormaers of Mar
  • 4.2 The early Earls of Mar
  • 4.3 Earl of Mar, first and seventh ceremony
  • 4.4 Earl of Mar, second Creation ( 1426-1435 )
  • 4.5 Earl of Mar, third Creation ( 1459-1479 )
  • 4.6 Earl of Mar, fourth Creation ( 1483 )
  • 4.7 Earl of Mar, fifth Creation ( 1486-1503 )
  • 4.8 Earl of Mar, sixth Creation ( 1562-1570 )

Early sources and first creation

As the first Mormaer of Mar was long Ruadrí (around 1131 ), which is mentioned in the Book of Deer. The modern science of history was probably with Muirchertach ( Latinized: Martachus ) and Gartnait (also: Gratnach ) even earlier Mormaers of Mar account. You are in charters of King Malcolm III. in connection with Culdeer or Alexander I and mentioned the monastery of Scone. An unambiguous assignment is difficult. In the Irish annals is found in the description of the Battle of Clontarf is an indication of " Domnall, son of Eimen, son of Cainnech, earl of Mar in Alba " among the slain companions of Brian Boru.

The first seats of Mormaers of Mar were Migvie and Doune of Invernochty. The Mormaertum changed probably beginning between two different groups represented by Morggán, the other represented by Gille Crist one. After Donnchadh, a descendant of Morggán, had taken up his heritage, it seems to have come to a dispute between the two lines. The country was divided in the wake into two independent dominions. While Donnchadh retained the title and the richer and militarily nutzbarere highlands claimed were Thomas de Lundin, a descendant of Gille Crist through the female line, the lower-lying agricultural and coastal areas.

Domhnall II acquired in 1320 about his wife the title of " Lord of Garioch ", which is the Earl of Mar since then attached to the trailing title. This first set of Mormaers extinguished in the male line with Thomas, 9th Earl of Mar, who died childless in 1374. The title was taken iure uxoris by William Douglas on.

15th - 18th century

The first last legitimate winner of the first title was Isabel Douglas, Countess of Mar, 11, was forced in 1404 by Alexander Stewart to override him the title. She did this at first, but then revoked the certificate and married him a little later, with the stipulation that the title would be passed on to "their" heirs. In 1426 Alexander Stewart returned the title to King James I. him this - provided with new rights - could lend again. This happened, however, the king decreed contrary to the hopes of Stewart that the title " Earl of Mar" according to Stewart's death should revert to the crown.

After the death of Alexander Stewart, there was a dispute between King James II and Robert, Lord Erskine. The latter was about his mother a descendant of Gratney, Earl of Mar and therefore the legitimate heir by Isabel Douglas. The king finally overrode the claims of Lord Erskine, and made his youngest son, John Stewart, who, however, in 1479 before his father died childless, the new Earl of Mar. He was succeeded in 1483 the second son of James II, Alexander Stewart, the title of which, however, were still drawn in the same year due to his alliance with the English against his father.

In 1486 James III appointed. his son John Stewart Earl of Mar, but even this ceremony only lasted until his childless death in 1503. The sixth award was only then, in 1562, to James Stewart, the illegitimate son of James V. This rebelled in 1565 against Mary Stuart that in response to the title claim of John Erskine, the descendants of Robert Erskine, recognized.

His descendant John Erskine, 23rd and 6th Earl of Mar, in 1716 rebelled against the crown and lost the title " Earl of Mar" in sequence by parliament. The title was then vacant for over a century.

19th century

In 1824, the Earldom was finally restored by decision of Parliament and awarded to John Francis Erskine, a descendant of the Earls in 1716 outlawed. His grandson, John Francis Miller Erskine 1835 could claim the succession of this and all other tracks of the house successfully for themselves. After his death, the title of the family ( Earl of Mar and the Earl of Kellie ) were divided between two branches of the family. During the cousin ( son of the uncle) of the deceased, Walter Coningsby Erskine, and after him his heirs, the title " Earl of Kellie ," should continue to carry the title " Earl of Mar" went to his nephew ( son of sister ), John Francis Erskine Goodeve - Erskine. The latter changed his name to John Goodeve - Erskine.

Dispute to the Earl of Mar

John Goodeve - Erskine was recognized in his claims at first and took the Earl of Mar, the parliamentary duties of a peer of Scotland was. Nonetheless handed Walter Erskine soon a petition to the House of Lords before the Committee on Privileges one, that the Earl of Mar him must be awarded in addition to the Earl of Kellie.

The petition here was based on the following arguments:

Goodeve - Erskine defended himself against this interpretation by he advanced own arguments for his title claim:

The House of Lords Committee on Privileges decided in 1875 to general dissatisfaction that the Earldom had indeed been newly created in 1565. Hence the title could be passed only within the male line, and the Earl of Kellie was so use as Earl of Mar. The Lord Chancellor Roundell Palmer could be explained, that judgment was, whether right or wrong, final and should not be questioned.

The voices who saw the committee's decision as a wrong decision, there were increasing in the following years. 1885 was finally adopted with no dissenting votes in the Parliament of the " Earldom of Mar Restitution Act". He explained that because of doubts about the circumstances of the title award of 1565 one must assume that there are actually two Earls of Mar admit. The 1565 newly created earldom should remain with the Earl of Kellie and his male heirs. Nonetheless, the territorial Earldom of Mar also still exist and am led by John Goodeve - Erskine and his heirs. In order to clarify any questions relating to the priority was (ie the year of wrongful appropriation title by Alexander Stewart) declared formally to the year of the creation of the Goodeve - Erskine title awarded to the year 1404. Since this legislative act therefore lead two families lawfully entitled " Earl of Mar".

List of champions

The early Mormaers of Mar

Name, order, and times are historically not conclusive.

  • Melbridga ( 890 )
  • Canice (?)
  • Emin (or Emkin, Eimen ) MacCainnech (before 1014)
  • Domhnall (or Donald ) MacEmin († 1014), fell at the battle of Clontarf
  • Muirchertach (ca. 1065-1115 )
  • Gratnach (or Gartnait, Gratney ) (?)

The early Earls of Mar

  • Ruadrí, 1st Earl of Mar ( before 1140 )
  • Gille Chlerig ( 1140 )
  • Morggán, 2nd Earl of Mar ( † before 1183 )
  • Gille Crist, 3rd Earl of Mar ( † ca 1203)
  • Donnchadh, 4th Earl of Mar ( † ca 1244)
  • Uilleam, 5th Earl of Mar ( † ca 1276)
  • Domhnall I, 6th Earl of Mar ( † ca 1301 )
  • Gartnait, 7th Earl of Mar ( † ca 1305)
  • Domhnall II, 8th Earl of Mar ( † 1332 ), fell in the battle of Dupplin Moor
  • Thomas, 9th Earl of Mar ( † 1374 )
  • Margaret, Countess of Mar 10 ( † ca 1391 ) Suo jure uxoris William Douglas " Earl of Mar" (1327-1384)
  • Alexander Stewart ( † 1435 ), held the title "12 Earl of Mar " 1404-1408 jure uxoris; then he held the title until 1426 illegitimate

Earl of Mar, first and seventh ceremony

The legal battle for the title of " Earl of Mar" and the subsequent decision of the House of Lords in the 19th century led to the existence of two titles in the Earls of Mar. The One (first ceremony ) was the house Erskine lawful ( de jure ) since 1404 to, but was only officially recognized in 1565. The Other ( seventh award ) was also the first newly created with the official award. The respective security holders held until 1866, both entitled " Earl of Mar" in personal union. After the death of Francis Miller Erskine of a branch the title of the first ceremony and the other branch led the family on the title of the seventh ceremony.

Persons who have received one of the two title " Earl of Mar" posthumously awarded are marked with de jure. The addition of de facto indicates that the title claim of a person was officially recognized in the course of their lives.

Earl of Mar, second award (1426 - 1435)

  • Alexander Stewart ( † 1435 )

Earl of Mar, third award (1459 - 1479)

  • John Stewart ( † 1479 )

Earl of Mar, fourth Creation ( 1483 )

  • Alexander Stewart (ca. 1454-1485 ), the title was recovered in the year of the award

Earl of Mar, fifth award (1486 - 1503)

  • John Stewart ( † 1503)

Earl of Mar, sixth award (1562 - 1570)

  • James Stewart ( † 1570)

Reception

  • The recorded by Francis James Child in the late 19th century ballad The Earl of Mar 's Daughter treats the title of nobility, at least by name.
  • The band Genesis released on their album Wind & Wuthering the song "Eleventh Earl of Mar " in which the failed campaign of the Jacobites and the fate of the son of John Erskine, the (counter- song title) 23 Earl of Mar is sung.
  • In the board game Britannia one of the provinces shown bears the name Mar.
Culdees Alexander I of Scotland Scone, Scotland Donnchadh, Earl of Mar James I of Scotland James II of Scotland Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany James III of Scotland John Stewart, Earl of Mar (d. 1503) James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray James V of Scotland Mary, Queen of Scots John Erskine, 18th Earl of Mar John Erskine, 22nd Earl of Mar Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne Domhnall II., Earl of Mar James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas Personalunion John Erskine, 5th Lord Erskine Charles Erskine, 21st Earl of Mar Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar James Erskine, 14th Earl of Mar Genesis (Band) Britannia (board game)
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