Funchal
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Funchal [ fũʃaɫ ] is the capital of Madeira, and the name of the former Portuguese district in Madeira. Funchal has 112,015 inhabitants.
At the Autonomous Region of Madeira except the island of Madeira ( the main island of Madeira, Porto Santo and the Deserted Islands) includes the further south Selvagens Islands. License Plate: M.
Funchal meant literally " a lot of fennel " (Portuguese funcho " fennel " to the adjective funchal " fenchelig "). The city received its name because the Portuguese there vorfanden extraordinary amount of fennel in the discovery of the island.
History
João Gonçalves Zarco and his men settled in 1419 in the neighboring Câmara de Lobos down, as they had the area around Funchal with the favorable bay clear first.
In 1421 the city was founded by João Gonçalves Zarco, 1508 it became a city by Manuel I in 1450 Zarco was appointed Legatskapitän the western half of the island, while the east with the main town of Machico fell to his companion Tristão Vaz Teixeira.
Since the 16th century Funchal is a bishopric. In the 16th century Funchal was an important port for the ships that departed from Portugal and Europe toward the colonies in Africa and South America, and supplied the ships with food and merchandise. At that time the city was blessed with considerable wealth. In addition, the port served as a trading center for sugar and wine. The coveted goods were brought to the courts of Europe. When the sugar trade due to the competition from the colonies in the Caribbean and in Brazil and because of the increasingly depleted soil was no longer profitable to Funchal and Madeira economy concentrated on the Madeira wine which was very popular because of its durability on the transcontinental routes of sailors. Sugar cane and vines are grown on Madeira today.
1803 Funchal was almost completely wiped out by a flood. 600 people were killed. Then the three rivers were straightened and fixed in ducts.
Nevertheless led exceptional rains in February 2010 to great damage with numerous victims.
From the mid 19th century a very elitist tourism of the European aristocracy, who enjoyed the eternal spring and cure his disease in a healthy climate sought developed. Opened in 1891, a native of Scotland William Reid, the luxury Hotel Reid's Palace, which is one of the Leading Hotels of the World. From 1950 Madeira was the construction of middle-class hotels in the hotel zone to the west of Funchal to other vacationers an affordable holiday destination.
Economy and infrastructure
The city's main industry is tourism. Although Funchal has been visited by passenger vessels around since the twenties, they had to then still at anchor to anchor. The real cruise tourism developed only after 1950. Increasingly, the port is now under way on a regular basis and almost every day of cruise ships of various nations. Furthermore, Funchal is the main transport hub of the island and with the airport Funchal, which is known for its challenging approach, connected to the international air traffic network. The connection to the neighboring island of Porto Santo is offered by boat and plane.
Education
In the city is the University of Madeira, the only university in the island.
Sports
Funchal is home to two football clubs in the Liga Sagres: CD Nacional Funchal and CS Marítimo Funchal. Nacional plays at the Estádio da Madeira, Estádio dos Barreiros Marítimo. The club União Madeira, who also hails from Funchal and its home games discharges in Campo do Adelino Rodrigues, was promoted to the Liga de Honra for the season 2011/2012. With three clubs in the Portuguese professional football, the city is so behind Lisbon in second place, which has four clubs (Benfica, Sporting, Belenenses and Atlético CP) in the top two divisions.
Twinning
Funchal has the following 14 twinning closed:
- United States Oakland, United States ( 1970)
- United States Honolulu, United States ( 1979)
- Zambia Livingstone, Zambia ( 1980)
- United States New Bedford, Massachusetts, USA (1984 )
- United States Maui, Big Island, United States ( 1985)
- South Africa Cape Town, South Africa ( 1987)
- Brazil Santos, Brazil ( 1988)
- Israel Herzliya, Israel ( 1991)
- Australia Marrickville, Australia ( 1994)
- Australia Fremantle, Australia ( 1996)
- Germany Leichlingen (Rheinland), Germany (1996 )
- Cape Verde Praia, Cape Verde ( 2003)
- Jersey Saint Helier, Jersey (2008)
- Gibraltar Gibraltar, British overseas territory (2009)
Attractions
- Workers Market, a large indoor market with fish market
- Sé Cathedral
- Church of Nossa Senhora do Monte
- Jesuit school and church Igreja do Colégio
- Forte de São Tiago
- Port facilities
- Botanical garden
- Madeira Wine Lodge
- Casino of the architect Oscar Niemeyer (especially at night )
- Tropical garden in Monte / Funchal
- Cableway Monte - Botanical Garden
- Museu Photographia Vicente
- Museu de Electricidade - Casa da Luz
- British cemetery, the " Cemitério Británico "; there is still to visit (1847-1888), the well-kept grave of the famous German pathologist Paul Langerhans, who lived the last 13 years of his short life on Madeira, a widely read " manual for Madeira " written and finally died in Funchal, where he also his last resting place.
Sé Cathedral
Jesuit school and church Igreja do Colégio
Madeira Wine Lodge
Casino
Casino at night
Monte / Funchal: tropical garden
New Year's Eve fireworks Funchal
View from Botanical Garden of the city
Sons and daughters of the town
- Cabral do Nascimento, poet
- Victor Costa, composer
- Jorge Borges, jazz pianist
- João Fernandes Vieira (1631-1681), General in particular in Brazil
- Charles W. Cathcart (1809-1888), U.S. Senator
- Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos (1837-1880), bishop of Goa
- Carlos Azevedo de Menezes (1863-1928), botanist
- Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865-1938), naval officer and politician, Prime Minister 1924
- Henrique Franco (1883-1961), painter
- Rui Vieira (1926-2009), botanist and politician
- José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823-1907), zoologist
- António da Cunha Telles ( born 1935 ), film director and producer
- Luís da Câmara Pestana (1863-1899), hygienists, university professor and pioneer of bacteriology
- Artur de Sousa Pinga (1909-1963), football player
- Herberto Helder ( born 1930 ), poet
- Alberto João Jardim ( born 1943 ), President of the Government of Madeira
- Sérgio Marques ( * 1957), politician
- Paulo David ( b. 1959 ), architect
- Fátima Lopes (born 1965 ), fashion designer
- Pedro Camacho ( b. 1979 ), composer
- Pedro Spínola (* 1983), handball players
- Cristiano Ronaldo ( born 1985 ), football player
- Vânia Fernandes ( born 1985 ), singer
- Ana Luisa Flôr Moura ( born 1986 ), badminton player
- Marcos Freitas (* 1988), table tennis player, European Champion 2011
- João Ferraz (* 1990), handball players
- Laura Luis ( * 1992), football player
Circle Funchal
Funchal is the capital of Região Autónoma da Madeira and seat of the district of Funchal. The following parishes belong to both the city and county to Funchal:
Neighboring districts: