Idukki district
The Idukki District ( Malayalam: ഇടുക്കി ജില്ല Iṭukki Jilla [ iɖuk ː i ː dʒil a] ) is a district in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Administrative center is the city Painavu.
Geography
The Idukki District is located in the central part of Kerala's inland at the foot of the Western Ghats, which form the natural border of the neighboring Federal State of Tamil Nadu. With an area of 4,358 square kilometers it is by the Palakkad district of the second largest district of Kerala. Neighboring districts of Idukki district are Pathanamthitta in the south, Kottayam and Ernakulam in the West, Thrissur in the north- west (all Kerala ) and Tamil Nadu Coimbatore and Tiruppur in the north, Dindigul in the northeast, the east, and Theni Virudhunagar and Tirunelveli in the southeast. The Idukki District is divided into four taluks Devikulam, Thodupuzha, Udumbanchola and Peermade.
The area of the district of Idukki is mountainous and includes the Cardamom Mountains, part of the Western Ghats. In Idukki District is the Anamudi, with a height of 2695 meters, the highest peak in the Western Ghats and the highest Indian mountain south of the Himalayas. In total there are 14 two-thousand in Idukki District. More than half of the district area is forested. The Periyar, the longest river in Kerala, flows through the Idukki District and is dammed by the Idukki dam to a reservoir.
The climate in the district of Idukki varies depending on the altitude. While the low-lying areas in the west have a hot climate, it can be chilly in the higher elevations. Due to its location in the Western Ghats, the district area receives high rainfall. Annual rainfall varies between 1,500 millimeters in the relatively dry areas in the east and northeast bishin to 5,000 millimeters in the rainy area around Devikulam.
History
This secluded area of today's Idukki district has long been barely tapped and inhabited by tribal peoples. During the British colonial period, the area was part of the princely state of Travancore. 1877 bought the Briton John Daniel Munro a local princes larger areas of land in what is now District Idukki and founded the North Travancore country Planting and Agricultural Society, which docked a variety of plantations. As a result, the area experienced a wave of immigration of workers from other parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
After Indian independence, Travancore merged with Travancore -Cochin Cochin for Federation and took place in 1949 following the Indian Union. As part of the reorganization of the Indian states according to linguistic boundaries by the States Reorganisation Act, the area of Idukki in 1956 came to the newly founded state of Kerala, which was formed by the merger of Travancore -Cochin and Malabar district of the State of Madras. The neighboring Federal State Madras (now Tamil Nadu ) got it because of its high proportion of the population entitled to the Tamil taluks Devikulam and Peermade Idukki district of today. Ultimately, however, the area came to Kerala.
As an independent district consists Idukki since 1972. He arose from three taluks of the district of Kottayam and Taluk of the district of Ernakulam. 1982 parts of Idukki district were added to the newly formed Pathanamthitta district again.
Population
The Idukki District is inhabited relatively thin due to its mountainous terrain. According to the 2011 census, its population is 1,107,453. Judging by the number of inhabitants according to Idukki district of Kerala Wayanad is the second smallest. With 254 inhabitants per square kilometer Idukki has the lowest population density of all districts of Kerala. Idukki is one of the few regions of India with a declining population trend: Between 2001 and 2011, the population shrank by 1.9%. The literacy rate is 92.2 %, just below the average of Kerala, but far above the all-India average of 74.0 %.
Due to the immigration of plantation workers from neighboring Tamil Nadu in the 19th century, there is a not inconsiderable Tamil population in Idukki District. In addition, include the remote mountain areas of the district Idukki to the refuges of the Adivasis. The Indian census of 2001 classified 4.5% of the district population as members of the tribal population ( scheduled tribes ). The main religions in Idukki District are Hinduism and Christianity. According to the 2001 census, 50.2 % of the inhabitants of the district Hindus, 42.5% profess Christianity. Thus, the Idukki District has the second highest Christian population of the districts of Kerala. Muslims are a small minority of 7.2 %.
Economy and infrastructure
The main industry in the Idukki District is agriculture. Crops grown products that thrive at high altitudes, mainly spices ( cardamom, pepper), rubber, tea and coffee. The availability of grazing land and temperate climate also offer good conditions for livestock. Through the Periyar National Park, which lies mostly in the area of the Idukki district, and the popular especially among local tourists mountain resort of Munnar tourism also plays an important role as an economic factor.
By Idukki the National Highway 49 leads from Kochi Madurai to Rameswaram on. At the railway network of the Idukki District is not connected. The next Banhnhöfe located in Kottayam and Ernakulam.