List of state leaders in 1916

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Ethiopia Kaiser: Jesus V. (. 1913-27 September 1916 )
Empress Zauditu (September 27, 1916-1930 )

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel E. Howard (1912-1920)

South Africa Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Sydney Buxton (1914-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Louis Botha (1910-1919)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Prince Arthur ( 1911-11. October 1916 )
Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (11 November 1916-1921 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911-1920)

Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Venustiano Carranza (1914-1920)

Newfoundland Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Walter Edward Davidson (1913-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edward Patrick Morris (1909-1917)

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Central America

Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President Alfredo González Flores (1914-1917)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: Federico Henriquez (16 May 1916-1922 )

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Meléndez (1915-1918)

Guatemala Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920)

Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Philippe Sudre Dartiguenave (1915-1922)

Honduras Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Bertrand (1913-1919)

Cuba Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mario García Menocal (1913-1921)

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Adolfo Díaz (1911-1917)

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: President Belisario Porras Barahona ( 1912-1. October 1916 )
President Ramón Maximiliano Valdés (October 1, 1916-1918 )

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Victorino de la Plaza ( 1914-12. October 1916 )
Hipólito Yrigoyen Juan President (October 12, 1916-1922 )

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ismael Montes (1913-1917)

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: President Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes (1914-1918)

Chile Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Luis Sanfuentes (1915-1920)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Leonidas Plaza ( 1912-1. September 1916 )
President Alfredo Baquerizo (1 September 1916-1920 )

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Vicente Concha (1914-1918)

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Eduardo Schaerer ( 1912-15. August 1916 )
President Manuel Franco (August 15, 1916-1919 )

Peru Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Pardo y Barreda (1915-1919)

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President A. Feliciano Viera (1915-1919)

Venezuela Heads of state and head of government: President Juan Vicente Gómez (1915-1929)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907-1926)

China Head of state: Emperor Yuan Shikai ( 1 January to 22 March 1916)
President Yuan Shikai ( 22 March to 6 June 1916)
President Li Yuan Hong (7 June 1916-1917 )
Head of government: Secretary Xu Shichang ( 1914-23. April 1916 )
Secretary Duan Qirui ( 23 April to 29 June 1916)
Premier of the State Council Duan Qirui (June 29, 1916-1917 )

British India Kaiser: George V (1910-1936)
Viceroy: Charles Hardinge (1910-1916)
Frederic Thesiger (1916-1921)

Japan Head of State: Emperor Yoshihito (1912-1926)
Head of government: Prime Minister Okuma Shigenobu ( 1914-9. October 1916 )
Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake (9 October 1916-1918 )

Nepal Head of state: King Tribhuvan (1911-1955)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901-1929)

Siam (now Thailand) Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910-1925)

Southwest Asia

Persia (now Iran) Head of state: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909-1925)
Head of government: Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma Prime Minister?
Prime Minister Sepahsalar A'zam (? -12. August 1916 )
Prime Minister Vosough od- Dowleh (12 August 1916 -? )

Central Asia

Afghanistan Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Mongolia (disputed ) Head of state: Bogd Gegeen Dschebtsandampa (1911-1924)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sain Khan Nojon Shirindambyn Namnansiiren (1912-1919)

Tibet ( disputed) Ruler: Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso (1913-1933)

Australasia

Australia Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Ronald Munro -Ferguson (1914-1920)
Head of government: Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1915-1923)

New Zealand Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister William Massey (1912-1925)

Europe

Albania ( occupied ) Head of government: Prime Minister Abdullah Rushdi (1914-1918)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Raymond Poincare (1913-1920)
Bishop of Urgell: Juan y Benlloch Vivó (1907-1919)

Belgium (busy ) Head of State: King Albert I (1909-1934)
Head of government: Prime Minister Charles de Broqueville (1911-1918)

Bulgaria Head of State: Tsar Ferdinand I (1908-1918)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vasil Radoslawow (1913-1918)

Denmark Head of state: King Christian X (1912-1947)
Head of government: President Carl Theodor Zahle (1913-1920)

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888-1918) Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Duke Frederick II (1904-1918) Minister of State Ernst von Laue (1910-1918)

Grand Duke Frederick II (1907-1918) Minister of State: Alexander of shower (1905-1917)

King Ludwig III. (1913-1918) Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Georg Freiherr von Hertling (1912-1917)

Duke Ernst August (1913-1918)

Mayor: Carl Georg Barkhausen (1904 ) ( 1906) (1911 ) (1913 ) ( 1916)

Reichsstatthalter: Johann von Dallwitz (1914-1918) State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Siegfried Count of Roedern (1914-1916)
State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Georg Freiherr von Tschammer and Quaritz (1916-1918)

First Mayor: Carl August Schröder (1912-1913) (1916 )

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892-1918) President of Total Ministry: Christian Ewald (1906-1918)

Prince Leopold IV (1905-1918)

Mayor: Johann Hermann Eschenburg (1911-1912) (1915-1916)

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897-1918)

Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich VI. (1914-1918)

Grand Duke Friedrich August II (1900-1918) Minister of State: Julius Friedrich Heinrich Ruhstrat (1908-1916)
Minister of State: Franz Friedrich Paul Ruhstrat (1916-1918)

King William II (1888-1918) Prime Minister: Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Prince Heinrich XXIV (1902-1918) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. ( Reuss Younger Line ) ( 1908-1918 )

Prince Heinrich XXVII. ( Reuss Younger Line ) ( 1913-1918 )

King Friedrich August III. (1904-1918) Chairman of the Department: Heinrich Gustav Beck (1914-1918)

Duke Ernst II (1908-1918)

Duke Carl Eduard ( Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ) ( 1900-1918 )

Duke Bernhard III. (1914-1918)

Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901-1918)

Prince Adolf II (1911-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1890-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1909-1918)

Prince Friedrich (1893-1918)

King William II (1891-1918) President of the State Ministry: Karl von Weizsäcker (1906-1918)

France Head of state: President Raymond Poincaré (1913-1920)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Aristide Briand (1915-1917)

Greece Head of state: King Constantine I (1913-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister Stephanos SKOULOUDIS ( 1915-22. June 1916 )
Prime Minister Alexandros Zaimis ( 22 June-16 September 1916)
Prime Minister Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos ( 16 September-10 October 1916)
Prime Minister Spyridon Lambros (10 October 1916-1917 )

Italy Head of state: King Victor Emmanuel III. (1900-1946)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Antonio Salandra ( 1914-18. June 1916 )
President of the Council of Ministers Paolo Boselli (June 18, 1916-1917 )

Liechtenstein Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

Luxembourg (busy ) Head of State: Grand Duchess Maria- Adelheid (1912-1919)
Head of government: Government President Hubert Loutsch (1915-1916)
Government President Victor Thorn (1916-1917)

Monaco Prince Albert I (1889-1922) Minister of State: flat Émile (1911-1917)

Montenegro ( occupied ) Head of State: Prince Nikola (1860-1918)
Military Governor-General: General Viktor Weber Edler von Webenau (26 February 1916-1917 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Milo Matanovic ( 1915-2. January 1916 )
Prime Minister Lazar Mijuskovic ( 2 January to 12 May 1916)
Prime Minister Andrija Radovic (May 12, 1916-1917 )

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Wilhelmina (1890-1948)
Head of government: Prime Minister Pieter Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)

Norway Head of state: King Haakon VII (1906-1957)
Head of government: Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen (1913-1920)

Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) Ruler: Sultan Mehmed V (1909-1918)

Austria - Hungary Head of state: Emperor Franz Joseph I ( 1848-21. November 1916 )
Emperor Charles I (21 November 1916-1918 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Karl Count von Stürgkh ( 1911-21. October 1916 )
Prime Minister Ernst von Koerber ( 31 October-13 December 1916)
Prime Minister, Heinrich Count of Clam- Martinic (December 20, 1916-1917 )

Portugal Head of state: (provisional) President Bernardino Machado ( 1915-1917 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Afonso Augusto da Costa ( 1915-16. March 1916 )
Prime Minister António José de Almeida (16 March 1916-1917 )

Romania Head of state: King Ferdinand I (1914-1927)
Head of government: Prime Minister Ion IC Brătianu (1914-1918)

Russia Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

San Marino Captains Regent: Alfredo reffi, Luigi Lonfernini ( 1915-1. April 1916 )
Onofrio Fattori, Ciro Francini ( 1 April to 1 October 1916)
Gustavo Babboni, Giovanni Arzilli (October 1, 1916-1917 )

Sweden Head of state: King Gustav V (1907-1950)
Head of government: Prime Minister Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1914-1917)

Switzerland German President: Camille Decoppet (1916 )
Federal Felix Calonder, Camille Decoppet, Ludwig Forrer, Arthur Hoffmann, Giuseppe Motta, Eduard Müller, Edmund Schulthess

Serbia (busy ) Head of state: King Peter I (1903-1918)
Head of government: Prime Minister Nikola Pašić (1912-1918)

Spain Head of state: King Alfonso XIII. (1886-1931)
Head of Government: Government President Álvaro Figueroa Torres (1915-1917)

United Kingdom Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Head of government: Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith Earl ( 1908-7. December 1916 )
Prime Minister David Lloyd George Earl (December 7, 1916 to 1922 )

Zewditu I Daniel Edward Howard Druk Gyalpo British Raj Tribhuvan of Nepal Abdol-Hossein Farmanfarma Albert I of Belgium Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Vasil Radoslavov Christian X of Denmark Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt Ludwig III of Bavaria Georg von Hertling Duchy of Brunswick Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick Bremen Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederick Augustus III of Saxony Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe Constantine I of Greece Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein Albert I, Prince of Monaco Nicholas I of Montenegro Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Afonso Costa Arthur Hoffmann (politician) Peter I of Serbia

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