Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia is located in the Franconian part of Bavaria, and is both a district ( Bavaria ) and a county.
The districts in Bavaria are self-governing bodies, to which several groups have come together. The circles of a district each belong to a same government district, the jurisdiction of the district government (often only short- Government ) as a state agent authority. Unlike the district administration offices, the same state and municipal authority ( " Janus-faced " ), exist for it in Bavaria with the district administrations and the governments of separate authorities.
Upper Franconia is located in the north- east of the Free State, bordering Saxony, Thuringia, Lower Franconia, Middle Franconia and the Upper Palatinate. In addition, there is an outside border to the Czech Republic, County Carlsbad ( Carlsbad Region ).
Administrative headquarters of the district and at the same time the seat of government of the provincial government 's Bayreuth.
The name Upper Franconia refers, as in the case of Upper and Lower Bavaria, on the relative position of the Main. Accordingly, Upper Franconia is located at the headwaters, Lower Franconia between the underflow and Middle Franconia. This name dates back to the creation of the "main group" in the course of, written by Count Montgelas 1808 Constitution of the Kingdom of Bavaria. The division of the territory was adjusted to the French model and was based primarily on the extent river names.
- 3.1 Independent Cities
- 3.2 counties
- 5.1 Landscapes
- 5.2 rivers
- 6.1 Pre-and Early History
- 6.2 Middle Ages and modern times
- 8.1 motorways
- 8.2 Federal roads
- 8.3 railways
- 8.4 flight connections
- 8.5 cycle paths
- 8.6 trails
- 9.1 composition
- 9.2 Tags District President
Coat of arms and flag
Blazon: Over red sign foot, in three silver spikes split twice: the front in gold a covered with a silver slant bar, left inverted, rotbewehrter black lion; Quartered center of silver and black; back five times shared by black and gold, topped with a slanted and curved green diamond ring.
The coat of arms recalls in the upper half of the three significant historical territories in Upper Franconia: the black lion on a gold field in the left margin is for the Bishopric of Bamberg, the square of silver and black symbolizes the Hohenzollern Margravate Brandenburg -Bayreuth while the right part in gold, black and green, the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg represents. The symbols of the former three areas are on the Franconian rake in the bottom half.
The flag of Upper Franconia represents one on the head asked white-red flag francs arranged with central district of Arms
Earlier breakdown ( before 1972 )
Independent Cities
- Bamberg
- Bayreuth
- Coburg
- Forchheim (today district town in the district of Forchheim )
- Court
- Kulmbach (today district town in the district of Kulmbach )
- Marktredwitz (today district town in the district of Wunsiedel )
- Neustadt bei Coburg (now district town in the district of Coburg )
- Selb ( today district town in the district of Wunsiedel )
Counties
- Bamberg district
- District of Bayreuth
- Coburg
- County Ebermannstadt
- District of Forchheim
- County Hochstadt an der Aisch
- District court
- County Kronach
- District of Kulmbach
- District of Lichtenfels
- County Munchberg
- County Naila
- District Pegnitz
- County Rehau
- County town of Steinach
- County Staffelstein
- County Wunsiedel
Until after the Second World War, the government district of Middle Franconia Upper Franconia were managed together.
Structure since 1972
The government district of Upper Franconia comprises four county-level cities and nine counties:
Independent Cities
Counties
Largest cities
Geography
Landscapes
- Coburg
- Fichtelgebirge
- Franconian Forest
- Franconian Switzerland
- Bayerisches Vogtland
- Hassberge
- Upper Mainland / Obermainisches hills
- Northern Franconian Jura
- Regnitztal
- Münchberger gneiss plate
- Steigerwald
- Main
- Saale
- Pegnitz
- Regnitz
- Kössein
- Röden
- Haßlach
- Itz
- Weis Main
- Wiesentfels
- Unterrodach
- Kronach
- Steinach
- Selbitz
- Eger
- Ölschnitz ( Roter Main )
- Ölschnitz ( White Main)
History
Pre-and Early History
Johann Friederich Esper already described at 1774-1790 some caves of the Franconian Jura and JB Fischer dug in 1788 the grave mound of Mistelgau in the district of Bayreuth. The oldest human presence is through tools of Lydit from the Riss - Würm interglacial ( 120000-80000 BC ) shows that made the Neanderthals. The next artifacts are a little younger and come from the Präsolutrén of Kösten, a district of Lichtenfels. The early and middle Upper Paleolithic is in Upper Franconia, not far, represent the Upper Paleolithic indistinct. Evidence of Neolithic settlements of the Linear Pottery culture, which occurred from 5500 BC, is possible, especially in the area of Altneolithikums in the valley. Here prehistoric and early historic earthworks or ringwalls are known including over 50 whose size varies between 3 and 50 acres. The biggest lie in Hetzles, Rödlas and Wiesenthau - Schlaifhausen in the district of Forchheim and on the Staffelberg Bad Season stone Romansthal in the district of Lichtenfels. Grave finds are but not before. The most important archaeological sites are two caves, the Virgin Cave Tiefenellern and the cave stone at Schwab valley. Settlements from this period that were examined are Altenbanz and Zilgendorf. The following crops are not very well represented here to the Early Bronze Age. Settlements even still missing from the middle Bronze Age. The hoards of Forchheim and Hollfeld prove, however, the relatively sparse population in the early period. The presence of typical artifacts shows an orientation to Hesse and Thuringia. In the urnfield time (1300-750 BC), the tracks are clear and the number of depots increases. Tombs such as the so-called noble grave of Eggolsheim, Forchheim district provide insights into the sepulchral culture. The following Hallstatt period is well represented by tombs and grave mound, so that assume a denser population. In the La Tène period ( 500-100 BC) Upper Franconia was a core area of the clay horse sculptures. Numerous finds of Roman origin were made.
Medieval and modern times
In the migration period first extended the Thuringian out of their sphere of influence to Upper Franconia. After Clovis's victory over the Alemanni 496 AD at the Battle of Zuelpich first got the Western Main area under Frankish influence. As the Thuringian were beaten in the year 531, the entire Main valley came under Frankish rule. However, it was observed ( Bavaria Slavica ) some of the Slavic immigration.
The area of present-day Upper Franconia was later mainly from the two historical territories of the Bishopric of Bamberg and of Hohenzollern (since 1791/1792 Prussian ) Principality of Bayreuth (also: Margravate Brandenburg -Bayreuth or Brandenburg- Kulmbach earlier ). After the military occupation of Bamberg by the Kingdom of Bavaria, first emerged on 29 November 1802, the Bavarian province of Bamberg, which was renamed on October 1, 1808 in Main Circle. The Kingdom of Bavaria bought the 1806 to 1810 than pays reservé ( Napoleon's private property) under French rule standing Margravate Bayreuth for 15 million francs from the French, and took it on June 30, 1810. Example, the Upper Main circuit with Bayreuth emerged as the capital. The name Upper Franconia borne by the District since January 1, 1838 in accordance with the duchy of Franconia, in the former eastern part of it lies. His rounding received the district, as the Free State of Coburg was incorporated into Bavaria July 1, 1920. Smaller changes in the region of Upper Franconia finally brought the Bavarian municipal reform of 1972.
Economy
In terms of gross domestic product Upper Franconia is one of the more affluent regions of the EU with an index of 113 (EU27 = 100, Germany: 116 ) (2008 ). About a quarter of all businesses are automotive suppliers.
Major industrial sectors based on employment are (as of September 2005):
- Plastic products ( 16,100 )
- Mechanical ( 13,400 )
- Ceramics and Glass ( 11,700 )
- Metal products ( 9900 )
- Textiles ( 9400)
- Food
- Tourism
Upper Franconia has a very high density of industry in Europe. The space Hof -Bayreuth - Kulmbach is one of the most important textile centers in Germany, the county Wunsiedel is the center of German ceramics industry (household porcelain, hotel porcelain and technical ceramics ), the space Lichtenfels- Coburg is the center of the German upholstered furniture industry.
The economic interest groups in Upper Franconia, the Commerce and Industry Chamber of Upper Franconia Bayreuth, the Commerce and Industry Chamber of Coburg and the Chamber of Trade of Upper Franconia, based in Bayreuth.
Traffic and transport
Highways
- A 3 - a 10 km long section with key field is located in Upper Franconia
- A 9 / 51 E - about 100 km between the Thuringian- Bavarian border near Berg and Plech in the southern district of Bayreuth
- A 70 / E 48
- A 72 / E 441-16 kilometers between the most beginning at the highway Bayerisches Vogtland district court and the Bavarian- Saxon border in Trogen
- A 73
- A 93
Federal roads
- B 2
- B 4
- B 15
- B 22
- B 26
- B 85
- B 89
- B 173
- B 279
- B 289
- B 303 / E 48
- B 505
- B 470
Railways
- Munich - Nuremberg - Bamberg - Lichtenfels - Saalfeld - Jena - Berlin ( ICE)
- Dresden - Chemnitz - Plauen - Courtyard - Marktredwitz / Bayreuth - Nuremberg ( IRE)
- Sonnenberg - Coburg - Lichtenfels - Bamberg - Forchheim - Nuremberg
- Regensburg - Marktredwitz - Courtyard - Gera - Leipzig
- Nuremberg - Marktredwitz - Eger
- Würzburg - Bamberg - Hof / Bayreuth
Flights
- No - only private and corporate flights
Cycle paths
- Main Cycle Path
- Saale Cycle Path
Trails
- Short distance to the Rennsteig
- Frankenweg
- Franconian Gebirgsweg
- Altitude trails in the Fichtelgebirge
- Main-Danube - way ( Bad Season stone - Regensburg )
- Main hiking
- Saar- Silesia - way
- Jean -Paul- way