Volkswagen Golf

Golf is the name of a registered trademark of Volkswagen AG for a series of passenger cars manufactured by the German automaker Volkswagen AG (until 1985 Volkswagenwerk AG ). The first golf was introduced in the spring of 1974 and put (after some precursors such as the Simca 1100) the basis for the emergence of the so-called compact class. It led to the 1973 Passat presented the Volkswagen Group from an existing from the beginning of the 1970s, sales crisis.

The Gulf is the most produced automobile of the Volkswagen brand. On June 25, 2002, a built in Wolfsburg VW Golf IV broke with 21,517,415 built vehicles the VW Beetle as the world's most produced car from that occupied this place since February 1972. The title as the best- built car had the Golf, however, the Toyota Corolla exits. Currently ranked the VW Golf at number three of the best-selling cars worldwide behind the Toyota Corolla and the Ford F-Series

The design for the first Gulf Italdesign Giugiaro came from Turin. The since May 2010 located in majority-owned by Volkswagen AG, owned by Giorgio Giugiaro was with the characteristic hatchback body from the basic design concept for all other Golf models. Giugiaro was also responsible for the design of the Passat ( mid-1973 ) and the first Scirocco (Spring 1974) responsible.

• 3.1 General
• 3.2 Golf GTI
• Golf 3.3 FSI
• 3.4 TSI Golf

• 4.1 General
• 4.2 Golf GTD
• 4.3 Golf TDI
• Golf 4.4 SDI

General

The VW Golf is the best-selling model of Volkswagen AG and contributes significantly to the success of the company. At the time of the start of production in June 1974, he meant the rescue of the financially hard-hit VW Group. Based on the Golf already came in April 1974, the Scirocco sports coupe on the market. With him and the introduced for May 1973 VW Passat VW began at the replacement of the models with air cooling, and rear-wheel drive modern vehicles with water-cooled engines and front wheel drive, that were in the program at the VW subsidiary Audi NSU Auto Union long ago.

Originally it was planned with the VW - typical rear-wheel drive as the successor of the VW Beetle a vehicle. The preparations for the series production of the Beetle's successor developed by Ferdinand Piëch at Porsche KG EA ( was the water-cooled engine mounted longitudinally under the back seat ) 266 ( development contract ) with central engine stopped the new VW CEO Rudolf Leiding end of 1971. Reasons were too high production costs and the unfavorable position of the engine under the rear seat, which would have made ​​the car a little to maintain and also causes a heating of the interior. Within just 18 months, a draft was prepared under the symbol EA 337 then, the very came close to the first Gulf.

In the years 1978/79 10,000 copies of the Gulf have been exported to East Germany. The vehicles were delivered in a part of VW generous barter against grocery, heavy fuel oil, machine tools and car taillights. The remarkable thing was that the golf was actually to have Mark of the GDR. Thereafter there was in the GDR population the saying: ". Hardworking, diligent, the Republic is thirty, the kids run themselves ' nen wolf, the big buy 'nen Golf" ( " run itself ' nen Wolf" referring to the race to the authorities where you signed up for the waiting times of up to 16 years for one car and where you with - often successful -. urgency certificates attempted to shorten this time ) the VW Golf was sold in the GDR almost exclusively in East Berlin. About Genex and other ways other golf were introduced by payment in foreign currency in the GDR.

In Europe, the F-Series Golf the best selling car and the world behind the Toyota Corolla and the Ford is the best selling vehicle. In 2002, Golf number 21,517,415 rolled off the line on June 25, the record of the VW Beetle was broken, which was regarded as the world's best-selling car in February 1972. In Germany, the VW Golf is already the best selling car since 1975 - interrupted only by the year 1980 in the Mercedes -Benz 123 series was just the beginning. In the most successful year 414 132 Golf were registered in Germany alone (without Jetta or Vento ). On 23 March 2007, the 25 millionth VW Golf was produced. The anniversary copy is a tornado red Golf V Sportline 1.4 TSI with 140 hp, which since then has been at the VW plant in Wolfsburg. All employees who had worked on the car, were allowed to sign on it. In June 2013, the 30 millionth Golf was produced in Wolfsburg. It is a Golf VII TDI BlueMotion.

Model history

Series at a Glance

VW Golf II (1983-1992)

VW Golf III (1991-1997)

VW Golf IV (1997-2003)

VW Golf V (2003-2008)

VW Golf VI (2008-2012)

VW Golf VII (since 2012)

Since May 1974, the Golf has been put on the market in the past seven generations:

• Golf I (Type 17) ( from 1974 to 1983, built in South Africa as a VW Citi Golf until 2009, Convertible: 1979-1993 )
• Golf II (type 19E/ab 1989: 1G1 ) ( 1983-1992 )
• Golf III (type 1H) (1991-1997; Variant: 1993-1999 Cabrio: 1993-2002)
• Golf IV ( Typ 1J ) (1997-2003; Variant: 1999-2006)
• Golf V ( Typ 1K ) (2003-2008; Variant: 2007-2009)
• Golf VI (Type 1K) (2008-2012; Variant: 2009-2013 Convertible: since 2011 )
• Golf VII (Type 5G ) (since 2012; Variant: since 2013)

Other body styles:

• Jetta (since 1979)
• Golf Variant (since 1993)
• Golf Plus (Type 1KP ) ( 2005-2014) / Golf Sportsvan (2014 - )

Models

Mid-1976, the Golf GTI, the strong with the 81 kW (110 hp) engine of the Audi 80 GTE appeared equipped. Its performance surpassed that of other compact car with front wheel drive and rear hatch by far, reaching the level of the Ford Escort RS2000 and the Opel Kadett GT / E, which both had 25 % more displacement. The first Golf GTI demanded high speeds. In the last model year 1983, the first series of the Golf GTI, the cubic capacity of 1.6 liters was increased to 1.8 liters. From the Golf III, there were more powerful engines than the GTI models. On the Golf III VR6 Syncro the (190 PS) was the top model. On the Golf IV Golf V as well as in the R32 models ( 241 and 250 hp ) had the strongest engines. Also from the Golf V GTI, there is a model with 147 kW ( 200 hp ) or 169 kW (230 hp).

Completely new was the Golf diesel, which was also introduced in 1976. In early 1979 VW presented the Golf Cabriolet, which succeeded the 1980 set Beetle convertibles. What is interesting is that the Golf Cabriolet was originally planned as a notchback model, long before the Jetta.

Beginning of the 1990s failed VW with the introduction of the Golf Ecomatic, which was not accepted by the consumer. The cut off for the first time it is used (similar to today's start-stop systems ) resulted in a need getting used to driving behavior: when decelerating, the engine was switched off, started again when accelerating. In conjunction with the semi-automatic gearbox ( manual transmission without a clutch pedal ), however, the average consumption was a trendsetter in 4.4 liters of diesel per 100 km. Only 2000 Ecomatic Golf were sold. The end for this ( building on the CL) variant came with the introduction of the TDI diesel engines with direct injection ( the Ecomatic still had a swirl chamber engine), the engine shut down without also enabled a fuel consumption of similar magnitude.

The notchback versions of the Golf ( or Jetta Vento and Bora ) act conservative and in detail upmarket than the Golf. They have the advantage of a more favorable damage class classification in the motor vehicle liability insurance in Germany. Such compact sedans are in Eastern and Southern Europe, generally outside of Europe, and especially in the U.S. very popular ( where it was also the name VW Jetta never changed ).

Unsuccessful remained in 1990 the attempt early today a popular form of so-called crossover model to establish (eg VW Polo Fun ). The Golf II Country with höhergelegtem chassis, all-wheel drive and powerful Rammschutzbügeln front and rear as well as externally attached spare wheel was - also because of its purchase price and the eye-catching look - the flop, only 7735 vehicles off the production line. The top version cost more than 50.000 DM

With the appearance of the Golf TDI in 1993, whose engine was from the Audi 80 TDI, new fuel-efficient and dynamic diesel models were presented at the same time, what Volkswagen did in the 1990s, a significant advantage in compression-ignition segment over other manufacturers.

From 2004 - long after the commercial failure of the Golf Country - again worked at a site - Golf, the VW Tiguan. The term " off- Golf" is, strictly speaking, incorrect because this car with the Golf V has little in common. In addition, Volkswagen offers since September 2006 to the Cross Golf equipment line as the Golf Plus.

In South America and Canada, a modified 4- Golf will continue under the name City Golf ( not to be confused with the South African VW Citi Golf ) offered. The model is technically based on the fourth generation, but has since been revised several times.

Karosserievarianten

The design of the Golf was and is in accordance with the Group's strategy rather timeless conservative than trendy or playful, to respond to the market as possible, all layers. The Golf I was designed by the Italian designer Giugiaro. Later, the group's own Volkswagen design team updated the form without completely departing from striking original design. A typical stylistic feature is the relatively wide and therefore sturdy -looking C-pillar. The dimensions increased with each model, the size of the Golf I was already achieved by the VW Polo IV.

The Golf has been, or is offered in different body styles and provides the platform for related models of the Volkswagen Group (and thus also for the brands Audi, Seat and Skoda ):

• Three - and five-door hatchback Golf
• Two - and ( from 1992 only ) four-door notchback sedan Jetta based on the Golf I, II, V and VI, respectively Vento ( Golf III ) and Bora ( Golf IV )
• VW Scirocco / Corrado sporty coupe based on Golf I / Golf VI and Golf II and III
• Five-door station wagon Golf Variant ( Golf III, Golf IV, Golf V, Golf VI and Golf VII ) and Bora Variant ( Golf IV )
• Golf Cabriolet soft top ( Golf I, Golf III, Golf IV and Golf VI )
• Golf Plus ( high roof variant based on the Golf V )
• Some variants of the VW Caddy ( Pickup based on the Golf I, MPV based on the Golf V )
• VW New Beetle ( lifestyle retro version on golf IV - base should remember the VW Beetle, also available as a convertible )
• VW Touran ( compact MPV based on the Golf V )
• Golf Country (SUV with four-wheel drive based on the Golf II, actually a higher specified Golf GT Syncro with SUV Accessories)

Moreover, it was also built the VW Citi Golf in South Africa until the fall of 2009. He has improved in details body of the Golf I, combined with optical elements of the Golf II; the interior of the last generations were based on the Skoda Fabia including many extras such as sports seats etc.

Platform concept

The platform concept of the Golf series allows for a low cost of conversion, the combination of a body and an engine of almost any construction and finishes together. So a G60 engine from the Golf II can be installed also in the Gulf I and Gulf III. Many models of the VW program share the same axle parts.

With the introduction of the Golf IV platform, the so-called PQ 34 was also used in the Škoda Octavia, Audi TT, Audi A3, Seat Leon, Seat Toledo and the VW New Beetle. This leads to a high proportion of identical parts for all Group - parallel models and trim levels. This platform strategy was maintained for the Golf V and even expanded. For example, the platforms of the current VW Passat and the VW Eos also originate from the Golf platform.

Driven by petrol engine

General

The base model was developed by a four-cylinder petrol engine (VW internal designation EA 801) driven, which provided a power of 50 hp from 1100 cc. The engine was also used in the VW Polo and the Audi 50 and had a manual choke. The stronger version also had a four-cylinder petrol engine ( VW internal designation EA827 ), which was developed by Ludwig Kraus offered for the 1972 Audi 80. In golf, made ​​the 1.5-liter engine 70 hp, 1.6 liter engine 75 hp. In the Scirocco equipped with carburetor engines contributed 85 hp. Except for the offered only in the Scirocco TS 1.5-liter engine with 85 hp could all be operated with regular 91 octane gasoline.

Golf GTI

The first in the 1975 Audi 80 GTE, the same year in the VW Scirocco GTI / GLI and 1976 used in the VW Golf GTI 1.6 - liter engine with mechanical fuel injection K -Jetronic Bosch offered a powerful drive in a compact, everyday practicality. The letters stand for GTI Grand Tourisme Injection. 81 kW or 110 hp with a curb weight of 810 kg gave the Golf GTI, the former performance sports car.

The top speed was given as 182 km / h, acceleration from 0 to 100 km / h 9.2 seconds. For model year 1983 ( from autumn 1982), the displacement was increased to 1.8 liters - the power increased to 82 kW (112 hp) and was associated with a slight increase in performance associated ( maximum speed 190 km / h, 0-100 km / h in 9 seconds ).

The GTI was the most powerful engine variant in the Golf I. The engines required premium gasoline 98 octane; but could be operated by adjusting the ignition with euro Super 95 octane. The car was offered in 1976 with a base price of 13,850 DM (equivalent according to today's purchasing power and inflation-adjusted 17,100 euros ) - 1986 cost the successor to Golf II GTI DM 24,140 ( 20,300 euros ).

In order not to scare off the face of the GTI, the potential customer base for the "normal " Golf, it said in a declaration addressed to housewives Press Release: " to drive smoothly in walking speed also for shopping ."

Originally a limited edition of 5000 copies was planned, but the demand exceeded all expectations: Production began in June 1976 - in 1977 were in Germany alone, 21,836 cars allowed - 1979 there were 31 997 vehicles with the maximum number of registrations. From 1976 to 1987 ( from mid-1983 as a golf II) 270 504 vehicles were put into circulation in Germany.

Over time, the GTI model diluted more and more, there were fewer optical recognition features such as the red trim around or the exclusivity of the GTI engine for the GTI. So the GTI engine was to have in the Golf III in the GL version, also in conjunction with the four- speed automatic transmission. For the first time there was also a diesel GTI, the GTI TDI with 110 hp. On the Golf IV GTI was just a model variant that differed visually in part only by the text of the other versions, also there were several engines ( petrol and diesel) to choose from. This changed dramatically with the introduction of the GTI based on the Golf V: As of 2005, there was an engine solely for the GTI again, visually, the GTI again differed significantly from its " civilized " brethren. This also applies to the Golf VI GTI published in 2009 with a newly developed 2.0 - lT - FSI engine ( EA888 ) and a power of 155 kW (211 hp).

The term GTI remained a synonym for the most powerful engine version in the minds, although the strongest variations in the Golf II Golf II GTI G60 with 118 kW or only limited to 71 copies Golf II Limited with 154 kW, the Golf III 2.9 liter VR6 with 140 kW with Syncro - drive and in the Golf IV and V of R32 were. In model year 2004 was offered for the GTI engine ( EA113 ) with an output of 147 kW at 2 liters capacity, which debuted earlier in the Audi A3. This performance is achieved by means of direct injection and turbocharger, which is a specific output per liter ( liter capacity) of 74 kW enables here (100 hp). The top speed is 235 km / h the car accelerates from 0 to 100 km / h in 7.2 seconds.

In Golf III GTI TDI 20 years Anniversary Edition gave it to the 81 kW TDI engine for the first time a diesel engine in a Golf GTI, the performance was a reference to the original GTI. Golf IV GTI gave it with a 110 - kW TDI engine. The 25th Anniversary Limited Edition had a 1.8-liter turbo engine with 132 kW.

As of 2006, the " GTI Edition 30" could be ordered, with the VW celebrated the 30th anniversary of the GTI. The Edition 30 has 169 kW (230 hp).

In 2009, the era of the six-cylinder ended up in the Gulf. The successor to the Golf R32 was not a R36 with the 3.6 -liter VR6 from the Passat, but an R -wheel drive and the 2.0 -liter turbo engine from the Audi S3 with 199 kW ( 270 hp).

In spring 2007, was presented at the annual Wörthersee GTI meet, conceptualized by Volkswagen as a show car VW Golf GTI W12 650 W12 with a mid-engine, an output of 478 kW and a maximum speed of 325 km / h.

Since the summer of 2011, the " GTI Edition 35" at VW is offered. This year, the GTI celebrates its 35th anniversary. The anniversary GTI has 19 kW more power and 20 Nm more torque than the current GTI, ie 173 kW (235 hp) and 300 Nm. The most powerful production Golf was at that time, however, the Golf V R32 with a 3.2- liter V6 engine and 184 kW. It has an electronically controlled all-wheel drive with Haldex clutch.

In spring 2013 a new generation of the Golf GTI was followed based on the Golf VII at the Paris Motor Show 2012, the two power levels of 162 kW ( 220 hp ) and 169 kW were (230 PS) first presented. Serial production was started in April 2013. That Golf GTI with 169 kW (230 hp) is under the name "Golf GTI Performance" available and has both a higher horsepower addition to a modified braking system, as well as a front-axle differential lock.

Golf FSI

FSI stands as a marketing term for Fuel Stratified Injection to German stratified fuel injection. FSI is a gasoline engine with a derived from the diesel engine injection.

At part load, the specific fuel consumption to be reduced by the fact that the combustible mixture is formed only around the spark plug. In principle, the combustion takes place then with excess air. The method is used only at partial load; at full load, the mixture is still classical homogeneous and stoichiometric, ie formed without excess air. Contrary to widespread opinion, the gasoline is injected with the same nozzle as in emaciated operation. This results in homogeneous operation to an internal mixture formation (actually a characteristic of diesel engines ) with a corresponding mixture cooling by fuel evaporation. Thus, a higher compression is possible, however, this method requires a very low sulfur content in the fuel. In the GDI Mitsubishi engine (1996 's first production gasoline direct injection engine on the market) still came an external mixture formation with separate injector for use (see sulfur content ).

Main disadvantages are the increased emissions of nitrogen oxides ( NOx), and problems with the reduction of pollutants due to the lower temperature of the downstream catalyst. Therefore, VW uses only the homogeneous mode without layer charge at its own FSI engines. This leads through the finer distribution to a power increase to 15 % and better exhaust values ​​, but dispenses with the reduction in fuel consumption at part load operation.

Due to some technical principles and related problems, the FSI method is not used in the VW FSI engines currently in volume production. In 2006, Volkswagen on the wall-guided stratified-charge technology. The effective advertising emblem FSI was kept.

Golf TSI

The TSI engine technology ( Twin Charged or Turbocharged Stratified Injection ) was renovated in 2005, the Golf V and is also used in the Golf VI and VII. A direct- injection petrol engine (gasoline engine ) with relatively small displacement is thereby charged with a turbocharger or two different loaders. Advantages are high power and torque with low fuel consumption and good response to accelerator pedal movements. VW gives fuel savings of 10 % over a comparable naturally aspirated engine ( engine capacity ~ 2.2 l ). Reasons for this are, inter alia the small cubic capacity, which leads to less friction in the cylinders. While under the VW engine code TSI originally only twin-turbocharged engines sold ( Twin Charged Stratified Injection ), continuously, the previous just turbo-charged engines with gasoline direct injection Turbocharged Stratified Injection (TSI ) will be continued for the 2008 model year.

Problems are introduced by VW timing chains in the TSI engines. Unfavourable material selection leads occasionally to a lengthening of the timing chains, which occurs after less than 50,000 km. Affected are 1.2 TSI and later 1.4 TSI Golf V / VI models. This prompted VW to ex gratia payments as costly engine repairs of approximately 3,000 to 3,500 euros were the result, if a timing chain could not be replaced in time.

Drive by diesel engine

General

The design, install a diesel engine in a compact vehicle was not new. Already in the 1960s, Peugeot had the 204 compact with a small diesel engine offered (1.3 liter with 29 kW (40 PS)). Volkswagen had a good reason for a fuel-efficient diesel in this segment. The launch of the Golf was followed in the 1970s during the oil crisis, which forced all manufacturers to rethink. Secondly, in particular demanded authorities economical for their vehicle fleet, but reliable engines.

The diesel engine in the Golf was derived from the cylinder block of the ( M827 ) from Audi. The components had a higher compared to the gasoline engine load withstand ( crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, piston pins, cylinder head, timing ) and have been reinforced. The cylinder head was fitted with a vortex chamber. At the position of the ignition distributor is not necessary for diesel vacuum pump for brake booster is placed, since the diesel engine due to the system does not provide a negative pressure from the intake system. The distributor injection pump ( V ESP ) was operated over the existing synchronous belt drive of the camshaft. Thus, the diesel engine was not larger than a gasoline engine of the same displacement, although heavier; to the presentation of the diesel engine for the golf, there were diesel engines in the compact car only at Peugeot. First, the engine had a displacement of 1.5 liters with an output of 37 kW (50 PS), then 1.6 liter with 40 kW (54 hp). However, the running behavior (noise, vibrations ), especially the first two diesel engine generations largely still could not satisfy. The turbocharger of the first 70 -horsepower diesel engine then brought about the loss in the exhaust tract noticeably more noise comfort. In addition, the bulkhead to the passenger compartment and the hood were insulated acoustically.

Golf GTD

1982 turbo diesel equivalent of the VW Golf I GTI was introduced, the Golf GTD with 51 kW (70 PS ) in the " GTI " look and taut suspension. Thanks to the low weight of the vehicle were so respectable performance can be achieved, especially when compared with other diesel vehicles in the competition at that time.

To increase the power of the naturally aspirated engine with 40 kW/54 hp from 1.6 liters, the engine of the Golf GTD equipped with a turbocharger. Because of the higher thermal load in the combustion, the piston heads are forcedly cooled from below by the oil jet nozzles, and the refrigeration cycle equipped with an oil and refrigerant heat exchanger above the oil filter element. The turbocharger compresses the air required for combustion with a pressure of about 0.8 bar into the combustion chambers (instead of sucking through the downward movement of the piston). Characterized by the available oxygen mass larger more fuel per combustion cycle is able to be injected through the distributor injection pump for increasing the engine performance. For this purpose, the pump had a membrane to which interacted the boost pressure, thus matching the adjacent boost pressure without an increase of the visible smoke emissions, the fuel amount could be raised (LDA - boost pressure dependent adaptation of the full-load quantity). The engine was available in the Gulf II and, after an increase in displacement to 1.9 liters, also in the Golf III GTD.

In 1989, the 1.6 - liter diesel engine in the Golf was the first time with an oxidation catalyst available (as CL or GL, but not GTD ). This - and removing the boost pressure enrichment - decreased the engine power of 51 kW ( 70 hp ) to 44 kW (60 hp). This version was also marketed as " environmental Diesel". 1991 this vehicle was available with a start -stop system that shuts down the engine when stopped, but started again when pressing the accelerator. The consumption reduction achieved thereby amounted to an average of 0.2 liters per 100 km. From model year 1990, the 1.6 - liter turbo diesel was offered with intercooler, whereby the power to 59 kW (80 PS) was increased. Its slightly smaller sized turbochargers are also allowed a better response. However, the top diesel Golf II did not reach large numbers, not least because of the high price.

The term GTD lost during the Golf III in importance. On the one hand, because it just does not really sporty 1.9 -liter 55 kW turbo (75 hp) was available, and partly because the powerful TDI engines for marketing reasons have not been referred to as " TDI GTD ". Instead, welcomed the modern direct-injection TDI GT (66 kW/90 hp) and GTI TDI ( 81 kW/110 hp, with a red line to the right of I).

The GTD celebrated in mid-2009 a comeback in the Golf VI, back to the original idea following to offer the top diesel based on the GTI in sporting garb as a more economical alternative. The power is the 2.0 -liter common rail TDI with 125 kW ( 170 hp).

Golf TDI

After the first manufacturer Fiat Croma TD id 1987 introduced a diesel engine with direct injection, followed in 1988 the Austin Montego MDi. With a five -cylinder diesel engine came in 1989 as the third car of the Audi 100 2.5 TDI on the market.

The direct injection method for diesel engines received the in Germany for Volkswagen AG trademarks TDI. First time, a 1.9 -liter four-cylinder variant was from 1991 used in the Audi 80, then from 1993 in the Gulf III as a Golf TDI. In Golf III engine initially produced with distributor injection pump, a power of 66 kW (90 hp). By adjusting parameters of the motor control electronics in combination with a turbocharger with variable turbine geometry (VTG ) 81 kW ( 110 hp ) and above all a higher torque were made possible later. Later at VW possessed all TDI engines on VTG turbocharger.

During the production of the Golf IV diesel engines were changed from the Bosch distributor injection pump on the in-house pump -nozzle system. Legal requirements concerning the quantities of pollutants emitted, many manufacturers have moved to implement higher injection pressures. In particular, the size limitation of the soot particles can be achieved by optimized injector design and very high injection pressures, which were no longer readily accessible with the known distributor injection pumps. Therefore, the VW own pump-nozzle injection method ( marketing name: PD ) was developed. The so-equipped engines produced 74 kW ( 100 hp ), the first variant presented 85 kW ( 115 hp) and finally 96 kW ( 130 hp ) or 110 kW ( 150 hp ) and maximum performance. The ever powerful version of the 1.9 -liter engine with 118 kW (160 hp) used only the group's own brand Seat. The pump - nozzle injection was a transitional technology used by only a few manufacturers that brought fundamental disadvantages in the quietness with it. As of October 2007, therefore, began with the Tiguan at VW of transition to common rail injection. This new generation of diesel engines, which still bears the TDI codes gradually replaced all pump -jet engines.

Golf SDI

The term SDI ( naturally aspirated diesel with direct injection) is for a diesel engine, which is largely identical to the TDI, except for lack of turbocharger and intercooler. The motor controller can be simplified accordingly.

The power was the Golf III first 47 kW (64 hp), the Golf IV then 50 kW (68 hp) respectively from a displacement of 1.9 liters. Since February 2004, a Golf V SDI with 2.0 liters and a maximum output of 55 kW (75 hp) with 140 Nm of torque was available. In this unit, known from the TDI engines pump-nozzle direct injection is used for the first time. The Golf 2.0 SDI reaches a top speed of 163 km / h Because of the relatively high empty weight (VW Golf III and subsequent generations) creates an SDI only moderate acceleration values ​​, but which are considered adequate for city driving.

From the Golf VI no SDI engines longer be offered, especially since the more stringent emission standards ( Euro 5 ) can be reached without turbocharging hardly.

Driven by electric motor

The CityStromer was developed already in the 1970s, the first models ran in 1979 in the fleet operating in large electrical companies. For example, the RWE AG operated approximately 40 Golf I CityStromer and a fleet of VW Transporter T2 in electric version. This first version was submitted Electric Golf primarily to fleet operators, a free sales was not provided. From Golf II Golf III VW and CityStromer built between 1992 and 1996 an electric car version of the Golf, and from 1994 as a golf III. The production of this converted internal combustion engine cars was discontinued after only 120 pieces. The vehicles were designed exclusively for large utilities and not free sale. From the Research Institute for Energy, the vehicle was checked and found an overall efficiency of 86 % kinetic energy. Above all, the poor efficiency of the charger (84 %) and lead-acid batteries used ( 82%) resulted in spite of recuperation to a network energy consumption in city traffic of 17.3 kWh/100km and a practical consumption of about 25 kWh/100km.

The CityStromer is approved as a 4- seater, has a curb weight of lead-acid batteries of 1510 kg gross vehicle weight of 1860 kg. The performance of the three-phase synchronous motor is 20 kW at 3450/min, the duration of performance is given by Volkswagen with 17.5 kW ( 23.8 hp). The vehicles were delivered with a mechanical 5 -speed gearbox, top speed is 100 km / h The acceleration of the CityStromer from 0 to 50 km / h was given at 13.0 seconds. On board were a charger for the normal socket and a voltage converter to allow reloading of the additional 12 - volt vehicle battery through the 96 -volt traction battery. An alternator like a car with a combustion engine missing. The factory specification for said range 50 to 60 km in the city driving and up to 80 km at constant 80 km / h In everyday life, the range is 16 lead-acid batteries each 6 Volt, 120 Ah C5, block voltage 96 volts up to 70 km in summer, in winter to 40 km. There is an energy recovery during braking. The 1995 used lead-acid battery pack with 120 Ah can now be replaced by a set of 96 V/180 Ah C5.

Competitive products

The competitors of the VW Golf in Germany were and are located in the compact class. The newly registered vehicles in Germany are among the main competitors:

• Golf I: Opel Kadett C, Opel Kadett D, Ford Escort
• Golf II: Opel Kadett D, Opel Kadett E, Ford Escort, Renault 19
• Golf III: Opel Astra F, Ford Escort, Toyota Corolla
• Golf IV: Opel Astra G, Ford Escort, Ford Focus, Fiat Bravo, Honda Civic, Citroen Xsara, Toyota Corolla, Alfa Romeo 145
• Golf V: Opel Astra G, Astra H Opel, Ford Focus, Ford Focus II, Mercedes -Benz A-Class, Mazda3, Honda Civic, Kia Cerato, Nissan Almera
• Golf VI: Opel Astra H, Opel Astra, Ford Focus II, Ford Focus III, BMW 1 Series, Hyundai i30, Honda Civic, Kia cee'd, Peugeot 308, Citroën C4

In addition, the comparable models of Volkswagen AG apply under the brand names Audi, Skoda and Seat indirectly as competing models, but are positioned differently in the market. During the Gulf can be viewed as "reason car with a penchant for exclusivity ," meanwhile, the Audi A3 is one of the "premium model " is in this vehicle class. The Škoda Octavia serving the sector of the eight end on a good price-performance ratio clientele, Seat Leon is with the driving pleasure and passion, which is also the slogan auto emoción intended to express.