Xibe

The Xibe (also Sibe, Sibo, Xibo ;锡伯族Chinese, Pinyin Xíbózú ) are one of the 55 officially recognized minorities of the People's Republic of China. According to the last census in 2010, they include 190 481 people. They live mainly in Liaoning ( 69.5 %) and in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region新疆维吾尔自治区( 19.1%), there mostly in the Autonomous District Qapqal Xibe察布查尔 锡伯 自治县. Other centers are in Heilongjiang (5.3 %) and Jilin ( 2%).

The Xibe are closely related to the Manchus. During the Qing Dynasty, they came under strong influence of Horqin Mongols. A part of them was then relocated from their home in northeast China to Xinjiang. While the rest of Manchuria and the remaining population in the northeast Xibe were linguistically assimilated by the Han Chinese and not speak Manchu, has retained a daughter language of classical Manchurian with the Xibe in Xinjiang - the Xibenische. However, this is nothing more than a dialect of Manchurian. The xibenische font differs only by a few small changes of the Manchurian font. This phonetic adjustments were made in the 40s of the 20th century by Xibe - intellectuals who had studied in Japan. In Qapqal a newspaper published in Xibenisch and Qapqal and Urumqi books are printed in Xibenisch.

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