Villeneuve, Vaud
Villeneuve is a municipality in the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The former German name New city on Lake Geneva is no longer used today.
Geography
Villeneuve is located at 375 m above sea level. M., 9 kilometers north- west of the district town Aigle and 4 km south of Montreux (air line). The historic town stretches along the eastern shore of Lake Geneva, the right of the mouth of the Eau Froide, on the edge of Rhôneebene and at the foot of the Vaud Alps.
The area of 32.1 km ² large municipality area includes a section on the eastern shore of Lake Geneva ( approximately 1.5 km lakeshore length) and the Vaud Alps. The western border is formed by the sea shore and the lower reaches of channelized Eau Froide; here Villeneuve has a small share of the Rhôneebene. In the south, the area extends over the extremely steep forest and rocky slopes of Mont d' Arvel up to the upper reaches of the mountain stream Eau Froide.
To the east of the municipality floor extends into the strong field in relief of the Vaudois Alps on both sides of the valley of the torrent Tinière. This stream, which flows with an alluvial fan north of Villeneuve in Lake Geneva, is in the south of the mountain chain Malatraix and Pointe d' Aveneyre ( 2'026 m above sea level. M. ), to the east by the mountain pass Col de chaude ( 1,621 m edged above sea level. M. ) and in the north of Les Dentaux ( 1'714 m above sea level. M. ) and Rochers de Naye ( above with 2'042 m. M. the highest point of Villeneuve ). East of the Col de chaude covers the area Alp chaude in the valley of the Ruisseau de chaude between two ridges of Rochers de Naye and Pointe d' Aveneyre. This Alp is located, as well as the area of Ayerne already beyond the main European watershed in the catchment area of the Rhine. In a narrow tip territory extends in the east to the dams of the Lake Hongrin, which is drained by the Hongrin the Sarine. From the municipality surface 1997 8 % were settlements, 53 % of forest and woody plants, 26% in agriculture and somewhat more than 13% was unproductive land.
At Villeneuve include the extensive commercial and industrial area in the plain at the foot of Mont d' Arvel southeast of the town, the southern part of the settlement Grandchamp on the border with Veytaux, the hamlet of Le Cret ( 439 m above sea level. M. ) and Valeyre ( 485 m above sea level. M. ) on the alluvial cone of the Tinière, plan Cudrey ( 595 m above sea level. M. ) in the Valley of Tinière as well as some individual farms. Neighboring communities of Villeneuve are Veytaux, Rossinière, Château d'Oex in Ormont -Dessous, Corbeyrier, Roche, and Rennaz Noville.
Population
With 4969 inhabitants ( 31 December 2012) Villeneuve is one of the medium-sized municipalities in the canton of Vaud. Of the 79.5 % inhabitants are French-speaking, German-speaking 4.7 % and 4.1 % Italian-speaking (as of 2000). The population of Villeneuve amounted in 1900 to 1751 inhabitants. During the 20th century the population grew steadily until 1960 ( 2366 inhabitants). Especially during the 1960s, a strong population growth was recorded (1970 already 3705 inhabitants). After a temporary decline, a slight increase was observed since 1980 again.
Economy
Villeneuve has lived since the Middle Ages from the trade on the Rhônetalstrasse and from ship traffic on Lake Geneva. It has long been a embossed agrarian town where the agricultural produce of the surrounding area were processed and marketed. In the first half of the 19th century, Villeneuve became entangled in the emerging of tourism on the Vaud Riviera. The first hotel, the Hotel Byron was opened on the lakefront in 1841.
Today, agriculture has only a minor role in the occupational structure of the population. The alluvial fan of Tinière is operated on an area of around 50 hectares of vineyards, while the higher elevations for livestock and dairy farming are. An important role plays the other hand, the industrial sector. At the foot of Mont d' Arvel are quarries where stone blocks ( Marbre d' Arvel ) of the forthcoming here echinoderms limestone were mined and where gravel is extracted primarily for track systems today. The rock came for occasional sculptural objects and façade design of many buildings in the Lausanne region, but also in the Federal Palace in Bern for interior decoration, for example at the base of rusticated Riitli group apply.
The commercial and industrial area in the plane between railway and highway also includes fine mechanical workshops, ironmongery, window manufacturing and beverage and furniture industry. Many other jobs are in the service sector there (including in the hospitality industry and in the hospitality industry ).
In recent decades, mainly arose on the northern side of the cone of Tinière new single-family house neighborhoods. Villeneuve has evolved thanks to its attractive location and into a residential community. Many employed persons are therefore commuters who work mainly in the Vevey-Montreux region.
Traffic
The community is a very good transport developed. It lies on the main road 9, which runs from Lausanne Montreux via the Valais. The nearest motorway junction on the A9 was opened in 1970 (Lausanne -Sion ), which crosses the municipality area about two kilometers from the center.
On June 10, 1857 Section Villeneuve -Bex rail line from Lausanne was opened to the Valais. About four years later, on April 2, 1861, the northern continuation of the line was put into operation to Lausanne.
Demonstration tour in the end of 1900 were carried out in an electric car between Chillon and Villeneuve. This was the first use of a trolley in Switzerland. From 1903, the track is frequented by the Tramway Chillon Byron -Villeneuve. This in turn was replaced in 1958 by the trolley - Vevey Villeneuve, which is operated by the transport company Transports publics Vevey- Montreux- Chillon -Villeneuve ( VMCV ). For the dispersion in public transport and the bus from Villeneuve to Vouvry provides. Furthermore, Villeneuve connected by passenger ship on Lake Geneva with numerous other lake communities.
History
Villeneuve looks back on a long history of settlement. In the Le Châtelard east of Villeneuve traces of settlement were discovered by the end of the Paleolithic in the Grotte du Scex. These are the oldest evidence of human activity on the territory of the Canton Vaud. At the time of the Celts was located here, the settlement Pennelucos, which was inhabited during the Roman era. At that time she was on the important trade route that led from Aventicum ( Avenches ) via Octodurum ( Martigny ) over the Great St. Bernard to Italy. From the Roman era, however, hardly remains are present.
The first documentary mention in modern times took place in 1005 under the then name for villa Compendiaco, derived from the Roman family name Compendius. Later, the names Compengiez ( 1166 ) published, Compengie ( 1207 ) and still in 1248 Compesie.
The new town of Villeneuve was founded on the territory of the spots Chillon in 1214 by Count Thomas I of Savoy under the name Villanova Chillionis ( la ville neuve de Chillon ) and equipped with a charter of freedom. Thus, the Savoy were able to consolidate their position on the eastern shore of Lake Geneva. Villeneuve developed as a result quickly became a thriving trading center and trade center from sea to land transport. It served as the Savoy military harbor with war galleys and a shipyard.
As part of the Burgundian Wars ( 1476 ) Villeneuve was affected by plundering the Confederates and was partially burned down. However, the town remained in the possession of the Savoy, but fell sharply in importance. It was not until the conquest of Vaud by Bern in 1536, Villeneuve came under the administration of the Bailiwick of Vevey. After the collapse of the ancien régime, the town from 1798 to 1803 during the Helvetic Republic belonged to the canton of Geneva, who came up then with the enactment of the Act of Mediation in the canton of Vaud. 1798 Villeneuve was assigned to the District Aigle.
During the first half of the 19th century, Villeneuve set a new economic boom by the incipient tourism. It was residence of many famous people, including Victor Hugo, Richard Wagner, Herbert Kitchener and Romain Rolland. Today, the town of Oskar Kokoschka can count among his honorary citizens.
Coat of arms
Description: In gold, a blue eagle.
Attractions
Villeneuve boasts a picturesque townscape. The historic old town is now about 150 meters from Lake Geneva ( during the Middle Ages gave the lake to the village ) and extends parallel to the lake shore with a single longitudinal axis. The town plan covers an area of about 500 m × 100 m and shows several short cross streets. Formerly, the city was protected from the country by jumping grounds, of which only a few traces remain in the vicinity of the church. Along the longitudinal axis, in civil and wine farmhouses dating from the 17th to the 19th century.
Even before the founding of the town was the church of Saint -Paul, which belonged to the Cistercian abbey skin - Cret. Not exactly known is the date of the present church, whose nave and aisles from the Romanesque period come. The rectangular choir on the nature of the Cistercians is probably to be dated to the early 13th century, while the front tower was built in the 15th century.
From the hospital, which was founded in 1236 by Aymon of Savoy, the former chapel of Notre -Dame is only obtained ( 13th century) today. At the site of the hospital, the Hôtel de Ville stands (City Hall ), a neo-gothic building of 1874-76. The Lake Geneva is located in front of the natural Villeneuve Ile de Peilz, only just large enough for a single tree will fit it.