Bundesautobahn 31

Template: Infobox trunk road / Maintenance / DE -A

State:

  • Lower Saxony
  • North Rhine -Westphalia
  • In construction
  • In planning
  • Traffic control system

The Federal Highway 31 (abbreviated as BAB 31) - Short form: Highway 31 ( Abbreviation: A 31 ) - alternatively known as Emsland motorway and (East ) Fries spit, begins in Emden on the North Sea coast and runs through Lingen to the motorway junction Bottrop with the Federal Highway 2 in the Ruhr.

Lines

Located south of the beginning of the highway in Emden, between the districts of Larrelt and Constantia, bind the East Frisian highway triangles Empty the A 28 and A 280 league over the short, the Dutch motorway 7,. In between passing the A 31 the Ems. The section between the two triangles is in the network of European routes a portion of the E 22

Close to the Dutch border, they now crosses the Emsland. At the junction Meppen crosses the A 31, the E 233 on the route of the motorway-like federal highway 402 which passes in a westerly direction in the Dutch A37. The only motorway junction Schüttorf the A 31 it connects to the south with the A 30, about ten kilometers then enter into force from Lower Saxony North Rhine- Westphalia and after passing over the Western Munsterland. Finally, it ends at the motorway junction Bottrop in the Ruhr area at the A 2, close to the transition into the A 3 both a northern and a southern extension was discarded.

Special

The highway is continuous four lanes. The section from the beginning of the AS - Emden Emden West to East will remain without a hard, the only section on the entire highway 31. Otherwise, this only missing between the AS Riepe and Neermoor where the plant was prepared by the widening of a bridge. The necessary planning approval process was initiated on 22 March 2012. The subsequent construction will take about three years to complete.

At the motorway junction Empty the southern branch of the A 31 leads smoothly into the A 28 to Oldenburg and Bremen to the A 1 over. To remain on the A 31 must be passed through the triangle in both directions ( TOTSO ).

Between junctions Empty West and Jemgum the A crosses under 31 in the 945 -meter-long navigable here Ems Ems. It is based on the Hamburg Elbe Tunnel New, bypassing it is difficult the second crossing under the German part of the river mouth because of the large amount of ocean-going vessels.

The Lower Saxon part of the A 31 is usually one of the least traveled sections of motorway in Germany. Especially at night there is no vehicle there often for miles on the road. In holiday seasons and long weekends (eg Ascension), the situation is reversed dar. Then bring the tourists flows - especially from North Rhine -Westphalia - to East Frisia and back a more compressed traffic, sometimes even jams.

The route passes through widely uninhabited area. That and the proximity to the highway makes the environment a preferred location for most powerful wind turbines. About two hundred plants are directly visible from the highway.

In the parking lot Heseper Moor, between junctions Twist ( 22) and Geestemünde (23) southbound motorway Chapel "Jesus - Bread of Life " and the downhill Gescher / Coesfeld (33 ) is the Highway Chapel of St. Anthony.

History

1966 A was initially added 31 for the first time, as A 113 in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan. Between 1975 and 2004, it was built with the financial assistance of the adjacent regions.

Discarded planning of Bottrop to Bad Neuenahr

After adopted in 1971 needs plan of the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985, the A should run 113 from north dike to the Ruhr and from there as more north-south axis to the A 61 in Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler. Between Bottrop and Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler the route of the A31 was planned as follows:

  • West Bottrop own
  • East Bottrop- Fuhlenbrock and west - Bochum city center
  • East Oberhausen- Sterkrade
  • East the Oberhausen-Osterfeld ( cross with the A 42 )
  • East or west Frintrop Food - Food - Gerschede
  • East and west Bedingrade Food - Essen-Schönebeck
  • East at the Ruhr - Eppinghofen and west at the Ruhr -Hot ( cross with the A 40 )
  • Western food Pigtails and food Bredeney ( intersection with the A52 )
  • Crossing the Ruhr Essen- Schuir west and east of Essen- Kettwig
  • Velbert west and east of the Holy House ( the intersection with the A44 )
  • West and east Wülfrath Mettmann
  • West Wuppertal- Vohwinkel ( intersection with the A46 )
  • In Solingen Graefrath
  • West of Remscheid ( cross with the A 54 ) and east of Solingen- Burg on the Wupper
  • West Wermelskirchen ( cross with the A 1)
  • Wermelskirchen west - east and Kreckersweg Dhünn ( triangle with A 43 )
  • Kürten- west and east Bechen Bergisch-Gladbach
  • Kürten- west tip
  • Overath east - Brombach
  • West Overath ( cross with the A 4)
  • East Lohmar - Dahlhaus
  • West Lohmar - Hoven and Honrath
  • East Lohmar - Scheiderhöhe and Donrath
  • West Lohmar - Algert and Heath
  • Siegburg east - Kaldauen
  • West Seligenthal ( win)
  • East Hennef (triangle with the A 560 and the intersection with the A 56 )
  • East Lichtenberg
  • In wind Hagen ( cross with the A 3)
  • South and north Himberg Rederscheid
  • Kalenborn west, east Bruchhausen
  • Rhine crossing north and east of Linz drake ( cross with A 59 and state road 42)
  • East and south of Remagen
  • Sinzig north and south of Bath Floor village, north Heimersheim
  • North of Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler (with connections to the A 61 at Löhndorf and county)

This 100 km long section was added to the demand plan as follows:

  • Between the cross at Bottrop (A 2) and the cross with the A 56 at Hennef as a six-lane new construction in emergency Level I
  • Between the cross at Hennef and the cross with the A 3 in Bad Honnef as a four-lane new construction in emergency Level II
  • Between the Cross at Bad Honnef - Himberg Himberg as a four-lane new construction in emergency Level I
  • Between Himberg and the cross with the Federal Highway 9 at Remagen as a four-lane new construction in emergency Level II * between the cross at Remagen and Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler (A 61) as a four-lane new urgency in stage I

End of 1973, the public display of the plans for the first section in Hexbachtal in Mülheim north. The construction should be started immediately after the disclosure.

But on the last day of the objection period stopped about 300 Mülheim citizens with their signatures to an alternative proposal, the project initially. They had proposed to shift the route of the sensitive valley (border between Essen and Mülheim ) Mülheim out on field. Such a proposal was made ​​also of the Ruhr settlement association. When the plans were laid out publicly for the subsequent south section of the room Mülheim -Hot, the route from Bottrop to Overath (southeast of Bergisch Gladbach) had already formed along numerous citizens' groups, who together formed the action group A 113. This had the aim to prevent the A complete 113, because ( " impale " ) many recreational areas cut and devalue would. That was the reason for an Essene architects to call the route " East Frisian spit ".

In the second disclosure over 16,000 signatures gathered against the building. They got particularly by large weight that professionals aufzeigten errors in the traffic forecasts and criticized the lack of necessary environmental and spatial planning advice. The confrontation with the planners ( regional associations ) and other proponents (ADAC, CCI, construction ) lasted about eight years and was carried into all relevant authorities and political bodies to the Bundestag. It decided in 1976, first downgrading of the southern part of the now renamed the A 31 highway with the Law amending the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985. Accordingly, the section between Bochum and Hennef was in the emergency stage Ib and the distance hennef to Bad Neuenahr classified into further needs. Only the bypass (OU ) Hennef still received the highest priority in the wake of federal highway 8. In Bad Neuenahr, the connections were on the A61 already under construction. Only with the Second Law amending the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985, the entire connection between Bottrop and Bad Neuenahr in 1980 deleted. We, therefore, remained only the already completed parts in Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler with the new names as A 571 and A 573 as well as planning the OU Hennef ( B 8, four lanes, urgent requirement ) and the compound Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler (A 571 ) - Remagen - Bad Honnef (A 3) as a four-lane federal highway 266 Even the Third Act to amend the highway expansion Act of 1986 did not yield any resumption of the route in the demand plan. Rather, the section between Remagen and Bad Honnef (A 3 ) has been deleted. In the Fourth Act to amend the Highway Expansion Act of 1993 in addition to the section of Bad Neuenahr -Ahrweiler saw - before Remagen still single-lane Rhine crossing to Linz. The Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003 contained on the B section 266 Bad Neuenahr (A 573) to Bad Neuenahr- East ( four-lane, 1.8 km, urgent requirement ), the Ahrquerung ( four-lane, 1.6 km, 1 lane in urgent need ) at Ehlingen, the OU bathroom floor village ( four lanes, 1,9 km, also required) and the route Remagen - Linz am Rhein ( two-lane, 3 km, also necessary). Of all these projects is only the portion near Bad Neuenahr under construction. The Ahrquerung cuts through a conservation area and therefore was no longer enrolled in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2015 by the state government of Rhineland- Palatinate. The A 31 is not set in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003.

Rename them - - Action Community A 31 on the planned route in a memorial, which is a popular resting place for the Stroller Today In Mülheim built.

Discarded planning between north dike and Riepe

The demand schedule to the Act on the expansion of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985 by 1971 stipulated that should be built the four-lane national highway 70 between north dike and empty and is linked at idle with the A 113. It was a section of north dike - North - Georgsheil the urgency level II, assigned to the adjoining track to empty the urgency level I. With the restructuring of the network of motorways the leadership of the A 31 from north dike was planned throughout to Bad Neuenahr. In 1976, the Law amending the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985, the change is that between Riepe and today's triangle Empty the route of the Federal Road 530 should be used for the A 31. Between Georgsheil and Riepe the A 31 was still included in the emergency stage Ia, while the partial route north dike - Georgsheil was filed only in the further demand. In 1980, with the Second Law amending the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985 the end for the Northern variant of the A 31 between North dike and Riepe. Instead, the route to Emden was completely dedicated as A 31. Between Georgsheil Riepe and the construction of a main road was provided in urgency level II, which was south of the Ems- Jade Canal are four lanes for execution. In addition, the OU continues north was planned as part of the B 70, even the urgency level I received. The latter track was also included after the Third Act to amend the Highway Expansion Act of 1986 urgent needs, while the line Georgsheil - Riepe has been deleted. Even in the Fourth Act to amend the Highway Expansion Act of 1993, the OU north was included. The route Georgsheil - Riepe has not been resumed, a distance of Riepe to Aurich was instead (again) provided, however, was no longer on the original route of the A31. 2009, the OU north, which was also included in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003, completed. For the new B 210 between Riepe (A 31) and Aurich, including Aurich bypass the line is determined since 2012.

Plan change between idle and Haren ( Ems)

The original plan for later A 31 saw before, between North dike, Leer and Haren ( Ems) to create a direct line. In dating from the 1971 requirement plan of the Law on the strengthening of federal highways in the years 1971 to 1985, therefore, a route guidance with crossing the Ems Jemgum north, west and empty Weener is included. In the first half of the 1970s there was a route planning, ( later rededicated as B 530 ) after the room Veenhusen to the already completed federal highway 72a links were made idle should be bypassed to the east ( west empty Logabirum and Nortmoor ). After crossing the rivers Jümme Leda and the further course of the highway between Westrhauderfehn and Ostrhauderfehn, by the Klostermoor and was projected to the east and south of Papenburg. The route should then north Dörpen be created ( with crossing the Ems) and Dersum to finally cross the Bourtanger Moor on a more Western line as of today realized A 31 ( west Neusustrum and Haren ( Ems) - Ancient mountains). Only at the junction Wesuwe met the then road design to today's A 31

In the second half of the 1970s this design was discarded and instead developed substantially realized today route alternative. The new route saw between Bunde and empty before now a common route with the A 22. As a result, shortened the total to be built motorways and there were several large bridges continued ( crossing the Ems near Dorpen, the Jümme and Leda at idle ). As was provided in the room the league, the A 22 by tie between the border with the Netherlands, Leer and Westerstede, so that the route from the border should run north to league after Bunderhee. There, the A should divert 31 to Bottrop. In the late 1970s the now realized variant was then taken up here.

New Progress

The section between Neermoor and Riepe in Ostfriesland is existing since 1976, primordial cell of the A 31 In 1984, then the construction of the Emstunnels and the expansion of A 31 started from the A 2 at the motorway junction Bottrop North Rhine Westphalia, the completed 1989 to Heek had. The opening of the Emstunnels in the same year was the initial impetus for the further expansion of the A 31 and the subsequent vacancy at A 28, which had not yet advanced to this point up to this point. The two branches grew so continuously until 1995, towards each other. A marked gap route has been established. Up to this time, the A 28 was now connected with the motorway junction to the empty A 31. In Lower Saxony, page A 31 led now to Twist and North Rhine- Westphalia to Ochtrup -Nord. In the run but had already signed that in the context of the development of the east, the funds for the expansion of the West German motorways have been significantly extended. Thus, only the portion of Twist - Geestemünde was opened within the next eight years.

Model project closing the gap

Gradually, it became clear that the federal government had the final postponed to 2015. The fact that the construction could be completed on 19 December 2004 and the highway since its entire length is passable, was made possible by a in Germany so far unique funding model, in which individuals, businesses, municipalities, counties and the Netherlands to the costs involved. Essentially, it was a matter of the federal government to replace the interest for the early completion of the DM 500 million expensive space closure ( Geeste Ochtrup -Nord). From their required 135 million DM DM 21 million were applied by the economic and DM 114 million of the cities, counties and municipalities of the A 31 and the Netherlands. The neighbor sees the A 31 primarily as a fast connection between the border areas Groningen and Enschede / Hengelo, since a corresponding north-south connection does not exist on the Dutch side.

Spiritual fathers of this remarkable model project were the industrialist Rolf mourning Not from Grossefehn in the district of Aurich, who also earned a private donation of 250,000 DM, and the Chief Administrative Officer, later district administrator of the district of Emsland, Hermann Bröring. A report from the Institute for Transport Studies, University of Münster had come to a cost -benefit analysis to the conclusion that the benefits would be by closing the gap more than eight times higher than the costs. Sharp criticism of this funding came from the local countryside. Counties, " on which the vulture circles ", not to be carried away with such high expenses.

After signing the contract between the federal, state and region in March 2001 was initially continued to be built with the target date of the end of 2005. A repeated successively shortening by one year was made possible by rapid progress since the new building was also a " heartfelt concern " of exporting domestic firms as well as the participating planners and officials. The groundbreaking compensatory measures were the predominant approval of the nature conservation organizations. Almost every opening of a new part piece was celebrated with a big festival. Overall, it seems hardly a highway construction experience so much approval and promotion of regional page like this man.

At the northern end of the A31 in Emden was missing since 1981 only the North West bypass the city. Almost ten years this took just four kilometers long tail ( Emden -West - Emden - center) to complete. For years had ascended the sand remain lying to compress the north sea nearby, soft marsh soil enough. A further delay occurred when a too high loaded truck rammed the shuttering of the fresh concrete bridge over the B 210 at the junction Emden Center. Nevertheless, this section could be completed along with the gap closing in 2004.

Release of the subsections

  • Circa 1965: AS Neermoor - AS Veenhusen (2 km, first as B 72a, later dedicated as B 530, completion of the expansion to the Federal Highway: 1994 )
  • 1973: AS Riepe - AS Neermoor (10,1 km as B 530 dedicated )
  • 1976/77: AS Emden -Ost - AS Riepe ( 7 km, dedicated as B 530)
  • 1981: AS Emden Center - AS Emden -Ost (3.5 km)
  • 1982: AS Borken - AS Reken (7.1 miles)
  • 1984: AS Schermbeck - AS Kirchhellen - North (8.5 miles)
  • 1985: AS Legden / Ahaus - AS Gescher / Coesfeld ( 12.9 km )
  • 1986: AS Gescher / Coesfeld - AS Borken (9.6 miles)
  • 1987: AS Kirchhellen -Nord - AK Bottrop (8.5 miles)
  • 1988: AS Legden / Ahaus - AS Heek (7.6 miles)
  • 1989: AS Leer -West - AS Weener ( 11.3 km )
  • 1990: AS Weener - AS Dörpen (23,7 km )
  • 1990: L 510 in Gronau / Ochtrup - AS Heek (10,0 km )
  • 1990: AS Reken - AS Schermbeck ( 11.2 km )
  • 1991 AD Leer - Leer AS - West (6.7 miles)
  • 1992: AS Dörpen - AS Lathen ( 12.4 km )
  • 1993: AS Lathen - AS Haren ( Ems)
  • 1994: AS Haren ( Ems) - AS Twist ( 17.0 km )
  • 1995: AS Emden -West - AS Pewsum (3.0 km, currently a single lane on the route of an existing 1970/71 finished Northwest circumvention of Emden, 2nd lane: 1999 )
  • 1995: AS Veenhusen - AD vacancy (3.7 miles)
  • 1995: AS Ochtrup -Nord - L 510 in Gronau / Ochtrup (5,9 km )
  • 1998: AS Twist - AS Geestemünde (9.0 miles)
  • 2002: AS Geestemünde - AS Wietmarschen (5.5 miles)
  • 2003: AS Wietmarschen - AS Lingen (7.3 miles)
  • 2004: AS Pewsum - AS Emden - center (1,7 km on the route of an existing 1970/71 finished single-lane north- western bypass of Emden )
  • 2004: AS Schüttorf East - AS Ochtrup - North ( 10.7 km )
  • 2004: AS Emsbueren - AS Schüttorf East (4.3 miles)
  • 2004: AS Lingen - AS Emsbueren (13,7 km )

Between the AS Emden -Ost and Riepe the basic renovation was completed with the construction of a hard shoulder in October 2010.

Others

The popular name East Frisian spear was made by the then Interior Minister Rudolf Seiter, who lives in the adjoining Papenburg, in speeches to section enables for the first time to a wider public.

The naming of the junction Lingen was preceded by a dispute. The city of Nordhorn insisted on the name Lingen / Nordhorn. Determination of the dispute was with a newer requirement to the nearest city or town is eponymous. Nordhorn was subject to a few meters. The same provision helps the small town Schüttorf to unverhofftem fame. According to her, the central motorway junction A 30 / A 31 and one each junction of these two highways is named.

Between junctions Dorsten- West and Schermbeck an unmarked junction is created in the parking Holsterhausen, in the direction of Emden as exit and towards Bottrop as a driveway. In Dorsten this exit is popularly known Hürlandausfahrt - in allusion to the formerly living in the immediate vicinity of former Defense Secretary Agnes Hürland - Büning. The allusion goes back to the rumor that the hidden exit was built as an abbreviation for Hürland - Bünings way to the Ministry in Bonn.

Detailed exit list

  • Emden - West
  • Pewsum
  • Emden - Conrebbersweg
  • Emden Center
  • Aurich
  • North dike
  • North
  • Emden
  • - Wolthusen
  • - Uphusen
  • Emden -Ost
  • East
  • Riepe
  • Oldersum
  • Aurich
  • Neermoor
  • Timmel
  • Warsingsfehn
  • Veenhusen
  • Hesel
  • Warsingsfehn
  • Oldenburg
  • Empty East
  • Meppen
  • Groningen
  • Empty North
  • North dike
  • Emden
  • Veenhusen
  • Empty North
  • Neermoor
  • Empty - West
  • Harbour
  • Oldersum
  • Jemgum
  • Bingum
  • Weener
  • Groningen
  • Papenburg
  • Stapelmoor
  • Wymeer
  • Roadstead (Ems )
  • Ash village
  • Bellingwolde ( NL)
  • Dörpen
  • Heede
  • Bourtange ( NL)
  • Lathen
  • Soegel
  • Niederlangen
  • Neusustrum
  • Haren ( Ems)
  • Stadskanaal ( NL)
  • Rütenbrock
  • Dankern
  • Wesuwe
  • Hebelermeer
  • Meppen - North
  • Haselünne
  • Emmen ( NL)
  • Schöninghsdorf
  • Twist
  • Coevorden ( NL)
  • Meppen - West
  • Geestemünde
  • Dalum
  • Emlichheim
  • Wietmarschen
  • New House
  • Uelsen
  • Emlichheim
  • Lingen
  • Nordhorn
  • Emsbueren
  • Schüttorf North
  • Osnabrück
  • Rheine
  • Salt mountains
  • Amsterdam
  • Schüttorf North
  • Schüttorf East
  • Bad Bentheim
  • Salt mountains
  • Ochtrup North
  • Bad Bentheim
  • Ochtrup
  • Steinfurt
  • Gronau
  • Enschede
  • Heek
  • Metelen
  • Schöppingen
  • Ahaus- North
  • Legden
  • Ahaus
  • Vreden
  • City ​​wages
  • Rosendahl
  • Gescher
  • Coesfeld
  • Winterswijk
  • Südlohn
  • City ​​wages
  • Dülmen
  • Borken
  • Bocholt
  • Roadstead
  • Velen
  • Reken
  • Heiden
  • Schermbeck
  • Wesel
  • Holders
  • Wulfen
  • Dorsten
  • Hunxe
  • Gahlen
  • Kirchhellen North
  • Kirchhellen
  • Gladb. - Zweckel
  • Field Hausen
  • Gladbeck
  • Hanover
  • Dortmund
  • Dusseldorf
  • Cologne
  • Oberhausen
  • Bottrop
Controlled-access highway Rheiderland Rhede, Lower Saxony Walchum Geeste, Emsland Vechte Heek, Germany Borken, North Rhine-Westphalia Lippe (river) Wesel–Datteln Canal Autobahn Emsland (region) A37 motorway (Netherlands) Norddeich (Norden) Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler Ruhr (river) Heiligenhaus Hennef (Sieg) Erpel Grafschaft, Rhineland Leda (river) Bourtange moor Municipality Aurich (district) Cost–benefit analysis Rudolf Seiters Leer (district) Steinfurt (district) Borken (district) Recklinghausen (district) Bundesautobahn 85
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