Constanța
Constanta [ constant ͜ sa] ( German Constanta or Constance, also Constantza, Turkish Kustendji, Kustendja, Köstence, Köstendsche, in ancient times Tomoi or Tomis and in late antiquity Constantiana ) is a port city in Romania on the Black Sea. With 283 872 inhabitants, in 2011 was the fifth largest city in the country and the seat of the homonymous district.
History
Constanta was founded in the 7th century BC by Greeks from the Ionian city of Miletus mother ( in Asia Minor ) as Tomoi ( Τόμοι ) founded a later Roman town ( Tomi ), in which also the banished from Rome poet Ovid lived and died. At times, she was under Dacian, Scythian and Celtic rule. Under the Roman Emperor Constantine I, the city was renamed in honor of his sister in Constantiana and was an important metropolis. Later, the town shared the fate of the Roman Balkan provinces.
In the winter of 597/598, the city served the Eastern Roman commander Priscus as winter storage, as surprisingly attacked him and which included the Avars in the city. The several months of siege was ended only at the approach of a Roman army under the generals Komentiolos (→ Balkan campaigns of Maurikios ). 679 Constanta was taken by the Bulgarians in possession and remained under their rule until 1385, which was interrupted 971-1186 by the Byzantine reconquest. After the city had then heard for several decades with the Principality of Wallachia, she fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1420. 1878 Constanţa was slammed in the context of the Berlin Congress as part of the Norddobrudscha Romania.
Population
Constanta is next Medgidia Babadag and the center of the Turkish and Tatar minority of Romania and of Islam in Romania, which is marked by the Turko - Tatar minority. 6 % of the city population is Muslim. There is also a recently immigrated Arab minority, which operates a school with Arabic and English language teaching in Constanta. The Turkish secondary school is in Medgidia.
1853 only 5,204 people lived in the city; presented including the Tatars (36%) and Greece (30%) the majority. Only 5% were Romanians. As a result, the population steadily increased as the percentage of Romanians. In 1930 there were about 59,000 people in the city, including about 1,450 German. In the late 1950s, the number of 100,000 inhabitants has been reached. 1992 were registered with the maximum 350 581 inhabitants, which has since declined significantly again. As of the 2002 census, living in Constanţa still 310 471 people, including about 286,000 Romanians, Turks and Tartars per 9,000, 3,000 Roma, 900 Russians and Lipovans, 500 Greeks, the Armenians and 200 400 Hungarians and German.
Economy and Transport
Port
Just south of Constanta, the new major port Agigea is the output of the Danube -Black Sea canal. Thus Constanţa has a direct connection to the Danube and Central European port cities. The Main -Danube Canal also makes it possible that the shipping route Constanta -Rotterdam is a continuous waterway between the Black Sea and the North Sea. In addition, Rotterdam is an important partner city of Constanta. Constanta is already the largest port on the Black Sea and the movement of goods is growing at 8 percent per year. The importance of the city will continue to rise, especially after the planned commissioning of the Pan-European Oil Pipeline ( PEOP ), 2012. The oil pipeline is to run from Constanta to Trieste. The aim of the project is to relieve the Bosphorus.
Traffic
With Bucharest is a highway and railroad connection to the latter belong next to the passenger station in Constanta, the largest railway stations of the rail yard Palas and another marshalling yard for the port. In addition, there are the seaside resorts Techirghiol, Mamaia, Eforie Nord, Eforie Sud and the international Aeroportul iNTernational Mihail Kogălniceanu airport.
Within the city until 2008 and 2010 had an existing from tram, bus and trolleybus transport system exists, which is operated by the RATC ( Regia Autonoma de Transport Constanta ). The tram and trolley bus network was reduced in recent years in favor of the bus network and is now set. Almost the entire O bus network ( the lines except for 48 and 48 b ( July 2006) ) It was and tram 100 ( Gară - satellite de vacanta; near the entry to the town of Mamaia ) replaced by buses. The disused catenaries O bus and tram were dismantled as far as possible.
The ( only in 1984 was put into operation ) tram was completely shut down in November 2008, in December 2010, the catenary bus lines were replaced by bus service. After 51 years, the city has thus no electrical transport means more, but only buses that are painted as a trademark mostly garish pink. Furthermore, overland routes to neighboring cities such as Năvodari by minibuses (about 20 seats, so-called minibus) the group Media Sud, which operate without a fixed schedule offered.
Culture and sights
- Aquarium and Dolphinarium
- Byzantine basilica
- Carol I. Mosque
- The Casino
- Greek and Roman ruins ( trading house with a Roman floor mosaic, basilicas, imperial necropolis )
- Lighthouse from the 13th century
- National Theatre
- Opera
- Ovid monument in front of the Historical and Archaeological Museum
- Philharmonic
Gallery
Museum
Orthodox Cathedral SF Petru Pavel Si
Archaeological site Tomis
Statue of Ovid / inscription
Sports
The FC Viitorul Constanta plays since 2012 in the highest Romanian football league. A leader in the Romanian sports and HCM Constanta at Tomis Constanta Handball and CVM are in volleyball.
Twin Cities
Born in Constanţa
- Nicholas Georgescu - Roegen (1906-1994), mathematician and economist
- Vintilă Cossini (1913-2000), football player
- Dumitru Antonescu ( born 1945 ), football player
- Harry Tavitian ( born 1952 ), jazz musician
- Ion Moldovan (born 1954 ), football player and coach
- Ovidiu Bădilă (1962-2001), double bass player
- Sebastian Valentin Bodu (* 1970), politician
- Simona Amânar ( born 1979 ), former gymnast
- Sebastian Stan ( b. 1983 ), American actor
- Ianis Zicu ( b. 1983 ), football player
- Elena Pavel ( born 1984 ), football player
- Catalina Ponor (* 1987), gymnast
- Alexandru Matel (* 1989), football player
- Alexandra Stan (* 1989), House singer
- Simona Halep (* 1991), tennis player