Klaus von Klitzing
Klaus- Olaf von Klitzing ( born June 28, 1943 in Schroda Reichsgau Warta Country ) is a German physicist. He received the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect " in the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory on 5 February 1980.
Family
This comes from the old central Brandenburg nobility Klitzing, which was first mentioned in 1265, and is the son of Bogislaw von Klitzing (* 1907), chief forester of the Chamber of Agriculture, and Anny Ulbrich (* 1913).
His grandfather was the Poznan General Director landscape Bogislaw von Klitzing, a member of the Prussian House of Lords.
Life
As a refugee Klitzing came with his family in 1945 after air tubes (Landkreis Vechta). From 1948 to 1951, the family lived in Oldenburg, where Klitzing started school in 1949 in the school Brüderstraße. 1951 the family moved to Essen ( Cloppenburg ), where she lived on the upper floor of the Town Hall until 1968. His high school put Klitzing in February 1962 from the Artland Gymnasium Quakenbruck (District of Osnabrück ).
Thereafter Klitzing studied physics at the Technical University of Braunschweig. He graduated in March 1969 with a diploma ( diploma thesis at FR Kessler ).
By November 1980, he worked for Gottfried Landwehr at the Julius- Maximilians- University of Würzburg. There he wrote his 1972 doctoral thesis on galvanomagnetic properties of tellurium in strong magnetic fields, 1978 and his habilitation.
He also worked on research from 1975 to 1976 at the Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, and from 1979 to 1980 at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Grenoble, where he made the crucial discovery of the quantum Hall effect.
Already in 1980 convened the Technical University of Munich Klitzing of a professorship in solid state physics, in the spring of 1985 he moved as a member of the Quorum of directors on the Max - Planck - Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart. In the same year the University of Stuttgart, he was named honorary professor.
Since 1996 he is member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, which is National Academy of Sciences since 2008.
Klitzing is a jury member of the Innovation Award of the German economy. He is also the namesake and jury member of the Klaus von Klitzing Prize, a contest for socially minded teachers and science teachers, which is awarded by the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg and EWE Foundation in cooperation.
Klitzing is a passionate recruiter for basic research and attempts to awaken curiosity and enthusiasm for physics again. He is a member of many scientific academies in several countries and holders of honorary doctorates at universities in nine countries.
Nobel prize
Klaus von Klitzing was awarded in 1985 for his discovery of the quantum Hall effect, the Nobel Prize for physics. The crucial measurement succeeded in the night of February 5, 1980 and brought the realization that the measured Hall resistances are integral parts of a dimension determined by two physical constants ( Planck's constant h and the elementary charge e) is determined and thus itself again a universal physical constant. Since it has the dimension of an electrical resistance, it has since been with the von Klitzing constant a universal reference for resistors, which in the world is the same everywhere. Since 1990 is determined by the von Klitzing constant ( ) by international agreement, the realization of the electrical unit ohms. However, the quantum Hall effect was also one of the starting points for nanoelectronics and the scientific study of the physical properties of semiconductors far below the magnitude of today's microelectronics.
Writings
- Gerhard Dorda, Michael Pepper New Method for High- Accuracy Determination of the Fine - Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance, Phys. Rev. Letters, Volume 45, 1980, pp. 494-497 ( Original article on quantum Hall effect)
- Limits of microelectronics: Quantum phenomena in microstructured semiconductors. 1st edition Univ. -Verl., Jena 1995. Schriftenreihe Ernst Abbe Jena Colloquium 11 ISBN 3-925978 -47- X
- Klaus von Klitzing (ed.): Structure of the working principles of a clean room laboratory for novel device structures: final report; Contract NT 2733rd Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 1990.
- "Preservation and Presentation of the unit of electrical resistance ohm ". Exhibit Information Sheet by the Physikalisch -Technische Bundesanstalt, Hannover Messe '82, April 21, 1982