List of monarchs of Afghanistan

The list of heads of state of Afghanistan includes the rulers of the modern state of Afghanistan, whose history begins earlier than in 1747.

Rulers and dynasties, which are the area of ​​today's Afghanistan or parts thereof prior to this date, mostly during the Middle Ages, ruled, among other things, to refer to the list of rulers of Iran or the list of Islamic dynasties.

  • 3.1 Mujahideen
  • 3.2 Taliban

Durrani monarch

Since established with the disintegration of Nadir Shah (r. 1736-1747 ) empire gradually becoming an increasingly referred to as Afghanistan state structure began to emerge, this country between India and Persia was ruled by rulers who belonged to the Pashtun Abdali or Durrani tribal confederation. However, to distinguish between two successive dynasties, which represent each one of the 10 tribes of this confederacy.

Popalzi-/Sadozi-Könige (1747-1843)

It was founded temporarily, northern India and Khorasan comprehensive Durrani Empire - the nucleus of the modern Afghanistan - in 1747 by a military leader Nadir Shah, who belonged to the Abdali tribe of Popalzi, specifically for Popalzi clan of Sadozi. He took the title of Durr -i Durran on ( " pearl of pearls" ), of which the name derives Durrani. His descendants ruled the country until 1843 finally another Durrani tribe seized power and overthrew the Popalzi-/Sadozi-Dynastie.

  • Ahmad Shah (r. 1747-1773 in Kabul and Kandahar )
  • Timur Shah (ruled 1773 to 1793 in Herat, from 1775 in Kabul )
  • Zaman Shah (reigned 1793-1801 in Kabul and Kandahar, in 1797 in Herat )
  • Mahmud Shah (reigned 1800-1803 and 1809-1818 in Kabul and Kandahar, to 1829 in Herat )
  • Qaysar (r. 1803 in Kabul and Kandahar, from 1807 to 1808 in Kashmir )
  • Shuja Shah (ruled 1803 to 1809 and again from 1839 to 1842 with British help in Kabul and Kandahar )
  • Kamran (reigned from 1818 to 1842 in Herat )
  • Ali Shah (reigned 1818-1819 as Barakzai puppet in Kabul )
  • Ayyub Shah (reigned 1819-1823 as Barakzai puppet in Kabul )
  • Habibullah (reigned 1823-1826 as Barakzai puppet in Kabul )
  • Fath Dschang (reigned from 1842 to 1843 in Kabul )

Barakzi-/Mohammadzi-Emire/Könige (1826-1973)

Already 1818-1839 Kabul had been ruled de facto by a man who does not like the used by him until 1826 puppet kings belonged to the Popalzi strain, but the Mohammedzi clan within the Abdali / Durrani tribe of Barakzi. Since 1834 Emir he took over in 1843, after a brief restoration of Sadozi power, finally, finally, the reign in the kingdom and founded a new dynasty, which ruled Afghanistan until a brief interregnum in 1929. After that, the power remained true when Barakzi clan of Mohammedzi, but was the rule to a different branch of the family (the " Mosaheban " from Peshawar ) on. 1973 was forced to abdicate the last Durrani monarch, the Kingdom Afghanistan became a republic.

Kabul branch

  • Dost Mohammad (reigned 1843 to June 9, 1863 in Kabul ( where he had reigned 1818/26-1839 ), in Kandahar in 1855, in Herat from 1863)
  • Shear Ali (r. June 1863 bis 1866 and 1868 to 21 February 1879 in Kabul )
  • Mohammad Afzal (reigned from 1866 to 1867 in Kabul )
  • Mohammad Azam (reigned from 1867 to 1868 in Kabul )
  • Mohammad Yaqub (reigned from 1878 to his father Ali shear and from February 1879 to October 1879 in Kabul alone )

( British Occupation Eastern Afghanistan from 1879 to 1880 )

  • Musa (reigned from 1879 to 1880 on an interim basis )
  • Mohammad Ayyub (r. interim basis 1880)
  • Abdurrahman (r. July 22, 1880 to October 1, 1901)
  • Habibullah ( I. ) (r. October 1, 1901 until February 20, 1919)
  • Amanullah (ruled February 20, 1919 to 14 January 1929 from 1926 as King )
  • Inayatullah (reigned January 14, 1929 to 17 January 1929)
  • Habibullah ( II ) (r. January 17, 1929 to 13 October 1929 was not the dynasty )

Peshawar branch

  • Mohammed Nadir (r. October 17, 1929 to 8 January 1933)
  • Mohammed Zahir (r. January 8, 1933 to July 17, 1973)

President of the Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978) and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978-1992)

When the last Barakzi-/Mohammedzi-König was just abroad, used his cousin and former Prime Minister the opportunity and called out the first Afghan Republic, whose president he became. As early as 1978, however, a military coup took place, which continued unrest and the founding of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan had the consequence. This went down in a civil war when, after the withdrawal of 1979-1989 in the country intervening Soviet Union (see Soviet- Afghan War ) Islamic resistance fighters, Mujahideen took power.

Republic of Afghanistan

  • Mohammad Dawood (r. July 17, 1973 to April 27, 1978)

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

  • Nur Mohammad Taraki ( who reigned from April 27, 1978 to 8 October 1979)
  • Hafizullah Amin (reigned October 8, 1979 to 27. December 1979)
  • Babrak Karmal (ruled December 27, 1979 to November 21, 1986)
  • Pilgrimage Holiday Mohammad Tschamkani (reigned November 23, 1986 to September 29, 1987)
  • Mohammad Najibullah (ruled September 29, 1987 to April 15, 1992)
  • Abdurrahim Hatef ( who reigned from April 19, 1992 to 28 April 1992)

Mujahideen (1992-1996) and Taliban government (1996-2001)

On the fall of the last President of the Republic followed in 1992 the establishment of a " Islamic state " under Mujahideen president. Then took the deobandisch Islamist Taliban to power and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

Mujahideen

  • Sibghatullah Modschaddedi (r. April 28, 1992 to 28 June 1992)
  • Burhanuddin Rabbani (r. June 28, 1992 to September 27, 1996, de jure until 2001)

Taliban

  • Mohammad Omar (ruled September 27, 1996 to 11 November 2001)

President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (since 2001)

Since the fall of the Taliban regime by forces of the Afghan United Front, in cooperation with American and British special forces during the US-led intervention in Afghanistan is the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Its current president is a descendant of Ahmad Shah Durranis.

  • Burhanuddin Rabbani (reigned November 17, 2001 to 22 December 2001)
  • Hamid Karzai (reigned since 22 December 2001)
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