Opera house

An opera house is a building for musical theater, are listed in the mainly operas, operettas and ballets.

In general, it is now a closed building ( with the exception of open-air theaters, such as the Théâtre Antique in Orange or the Arena of Verona, which, however, was not originally built as a theater room ) that a large stage with elaborate stage machinery, an orchestra pit and an auditorium with one or more levels ( one above the other or with boxes ), features. Thus, since the Baroque as an architectural base model, the proscenium theater has established and earlier forms - such as the Shakespearean stage, the market theater or amphitheater Greco-Roman coinage - displaced. In the early days of opera but rather the ballrooms of the aristocracy were used as a venue; first opera houses were built from the second third of the 17th century, first in Venice, and later also in other cities of Italy. The first public opera house in Germany was opened in 1678 Hamburg opera at the goose market, built by the Venetian model.

Changes to the opera houses

The development of the opera houses of the origin of the genus until now has been dominated by two major structural trends. First, the focus shifted towards the auditorium to the stage: In the classic rank theater was the appearance of the audience in the boxes - up to princes or royal box - at least as prominent as the action on the stage; the auditorium was as brightly lit as the stage. Was usually sung on the proscenium (or proscenium ); the alleys behind the stage was used for striking Present changing decorations as a background and theater of machines and the use of illusionistic tricks ( eg with the help of airframes and sinkings ). In contrast, today's stage sets create diverse spaces that exploit the stage area from the ramp to the stage back wall; the auditorium is darkened and arranged in a semicircle with the newer homes, so that as each spectator has an equally good view of the stage. The theaters were thus always greater; the New York Metropolitan Opera summarizes eg approximately 4000 seats.

The second important development concerns the position of the orchestra pit. The musicians were placed in the Baroque theater on the same level as the floor; It was therefore not necessarily a conductor needed because the connection between the orchestra and the singers was much more directly than today. Over time, the orchestra was getting bigger, so the deeper trench was formed. The extreme drive this development in his Richard Wagner Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which he had built specially for the performance of his works. Here the orchestra pit is completely submerged: It extends in a stepped arrangement to deep below the stage and is also covered by a modesty panel, so that the origin of the sound is no longer detectable, which is of particular effect.

As the heir to the courtly art of opera in the 18th century saw itself increasingly the middle class. Opera houses were thus representative symbols of the bourgeois establishment ( they were called now no longer the Court Theatre, but State Opera ) and as such were also attacked in the 20th century; Let us recall the provocative words of the conductor Pierre Boulez, one should blow up all opera houses in the air, which, however, did not prevent him to become one of the most prominent opera conductors of our time.

The Opera House as an institution

The term opera house but mostly connects not only the theater, but also the institution. An opera house, as is usual in the larger houses in Germany, have a permanent ensemble; the ensemble ( vocal soloists, chorus, ballet, orchestra, extras ) as well as artistic director (Director, conductors, directors, playwrights ) in the broader sense then counted as an opera house. In addition, commercial management, wardrobe and workshops (eg for stage ). Great opera houses have up to 1,000 permanent employees. In some Western European countries such as Britain and France, the opera houses no longer have typically via fixed ensembles. Individual performances are often developed in co-production and exchange between the houses. This system also prevails in the U.S..

In Austria, the largest and most important Opera House, the Vienna State Opera, equipped with an ensemble of singers, but which is used in the vast majority of the middle and smaller roles and usually equipped with time-limited contracts is (contracts over several weeks or months, so-called residence contracts, and annual contracts). The major roles are as busy in other opera houses of international standing, almost exclusively with celebrity guest singers who are hired for individual evenings or presentation series. Also working at the State Opera conductors, directors, choreographers, set designers, costume designers, lighting designers, etc. are guests. The ballet will be completed with numerous guests. Orchestra and choir, however, are an integral part of the ensemble. The Vienna Volksoper still has its own ensemble of singers, from which the majority of the roles occupied. The Theater an der Wien has its own company, neither singers nor in choir or orchestra, but committed these bodies for the respective productions; this form of opera house called Stagionesystem derived from the Italian word for the season. The Theater an der Wien shows how stagione homes in France or Italy, numerous co-productions with other houses or festivals that are either developed in Vienna or taken over by other houses.

In Austria some Viennese stages are organized in the Vienna Federal Theatre Holding GmbH; this sums up the Burgtheater GmbH, Wiener Staatsoper GmbH and the Volksoper Wien GmbH together; for these three farms assumes a joint institution, the Theater Service GmbH ART FOR ART, workshops, building and marketing and administration.

According to this model opera houses from the civil service are increasingly being used in Germany and spun in, at least partially, transferred to private enterprise structures. ( Opera Foundation short) established, which includes the three opera houses in Berlin Staatsoper Unter den Linden, German Opera and Komische Oper and the Berlin State Ballet The Foundation Oper Berlin was, for example, January 1, 2004 in Berlin.

Opera Houses

Germany

The first opera house in Germany in 1657 opened in Munich ( Salvator Opera ).

The first public opera house in Germany was opened in 1678 Hamburg opera at the goose market.

According to the magazine " Opera World " count in 2006, the Stuttgart State Opera, the Hamburg State Opera and the Frankfurt Opera of the most important houses worldwide.

2007, the Bremen Opera, and the Komische Oper Berlin was awarded the " Opera House of the Year" by the magazine " Opera World " award.

  • Augsburg theater Augsburg
  • Festspielhaus Baden -Baden (the largest opera house in Germany )
  • Margrave's Opera House
  • Festspielhaus
  • Staatsoper Unter den Linden (called Staatsoper ), built in 1743, 1843 and 1955; about 1500 seats
  • German opera, built in 1912 and 1961; approximately 1900 seats
  • Comic Opera, built in 1895, 1947, 1966; 1340 seats; 2007 Opera House of the Year
  • Kroll Opera House ( historical Opera House; closure in the 1930s )
  • Oper der Stadt Bonn, 1037 places
  • Staatstheater Braunschweig ( Small house and large house )
  • Opera Bremen; 2007 Opera House of the Year
  • Coburg State Theatre, Dreispartentheater house with 550 seats and 99 seats in the studio stage for chamber operas and plays
  • Anhalt Theatre
  • Theater Dortmund, 1170 places
  • Semperoper ( Dresden State Opera, Little House and Big House )
  • German Opera on the Rhine
  • Aalto Theatre, 1125 seats; 2008 Opera House of the Year
  • Oper Frankfurt, 1369 seats; 1995, 1996 and 2003 Opera House of the Year
  • Musical theater in the area
  • Stadttheater Gießen
  • Halle Opera House
  • Hamburg State Opera, 1690 seats; 1997 and 2005 Opera House of the Year
  • Operetta House ( Musical Theatre)
  • Opernloft - Young Musical Theatre Hamburg
  • Opera House of the Lower Saxony State Theatre
  • Baden State Theatre Karlsruhe
  • Cologne Opera 1346 courses; 2012 Opera House of the Year
  • Opernhaus Leipzig, 1267 places ( Main Stage, basement theater)
  • Musical Comedy
  • Theater Lübeck ( Big House )
  • Theater Lüneburg
  • National Theatre (Bayerische Staatsoper), 2100 courses
  • State Theater on the Square Gardeners, 932 places
  • Prince Regent Theatre, 1081 seats
  • Cuvilliés Theatre, 523 places
  • Theater Münster
  • Staatstheater Nürnberg ( Opera House built in 1905, playhouse built in 1959, Chamber games)
  • Oldenburgisches State Theatre
  • Saarland State Theater
  • Mecklenburgisches Staatstheater Schwerin
  • Stuttgart State Theatre, Opera House, 1404 seats; Opera Stuttgart: 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2008 Opera House of the Year
  • German National Theater and Staatskapelle Weimar - Thuringia State Theatre, ( Big house 859 seats)
  • Hessian State Theatre
  • Wuppertal Opera House

Austria

  • Tyrolean State Theatre
  • State Theatre Linz
  • Music Theatre in Linz
  • Salzburg Festival
  • Salzburg State Theater
  • Theater an der Wien
  • Vienna State Opera
  • Vienna Volksoper
  • Vienna Chamber Opera

Switzerland

  • Basel: Theater Basel; 2009 and 2010 Opera House of the Year
  • Theater Biel Solothurn
  • Opéra de Fribourg
  • Grand Théâtre de Genève
  • Opéra de Lausanne
  • Theater St. Gallen
  • Zurich Opera House

Other countries

  • Egypt: Cairo Opera House (Cairo )
  • Sayed Darwish Theater ( Alexandria )
  • Teatro Colón ( Buenos Aires )
  • Sydney Opera House ( Sydney )
  • Théâtre de la Monnaie (Brussels ); 2011 Opera House of the Year
  • Opéra Royal de Wallonie ( Liege )
  • Vlaamse Opera ( Antwerp)
  • Vlaamse Opera ( Ghent)
  • Nationalna Opera i Balet ( National Opera, Sofia)
  • Operaen (Royal Opera, Copenhagen)
  • Opéra National de Lyon ( Lyon)
  • Opéra de Marseille ( Marseille)
  • Opéra National de Montpellier
  • Opéra de Nice ( Nice)
  • Paris ( review, see: Paris Opera ) Opéra Bastille
  • Opéra Garnier
  • Opéra- Comique
  • Harpa Concert Hall (Reykjavik )
  • Teatro alla Scala ( Milan )
  • Teatro Comunale di Bologna ( Bologna)
  • Maggio Musicale Fiorentino (Florence)
  • Teatro Comunale di Firenze ( Florence)
  • Teatro San Carlo ( Naples)
  • Teatro Massimo ( Palermo)
  • Teatro Regio di Parma ( Parma)
  • Teatro Regio di Torino (Turin )
  • Teatro Giuseppe Verdi ( Trieste )
  • Teatro La Fenice di Venezia ( Venice)
  • Arena di Verona ( Verona)
  • Talar -e Rudaki
  • Croatian Narodno Kazalište u Zagrebu, (Zagreb)
  • Koncertna dvorana Vatroslava Lisinskog, (Zagreb)
  • Croatian Narodno Kazalište u Splitu, (Split)
  • Croatian narodno kazalište Ivana pl. Zajca u Rijeci, (Rijeka )
  • Croatian narodno kazalište u Osjeku, ( Osijek )
  • Latvijas Nacionālā Opera ( Riga)
  • Opera House Oslo ( Oslo)
  • Teatr Wielki (Warsaw)
  • Teatr Wiekli ( Łódź)
  • Opera Krakowska ( Cracow)
  • Teatro Diogo Bernardes - The Ponte de Lima opera and classical music festival (Ponte de Lima, Portugal)
  • Mariinsky teatr (Saint Petersburg ) (formerly known as Teatr im. Kirowa, Leningrad )
  • Bolshoi Theatre (Moscow)
  • Kamernij opernij teatr (Moscow)
  • Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's opera ( Perm )
  • Theatre Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk )
  • State Opera House (Samara )
  • Saratov Opera House (Saratov )
  • Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía (the biggest opera house in Europe, Valencia )
  • Gran Teatre del Liceu (Barcelona)
  • Teatro Real ( Madrid)
  • Royal Swedish National Opera (Stockholm)
  • Národní Divadlo Praha ( National Theatre, Prague )
  • Státní opera Praha (State Opera, Prague )
  • Opera Kiev
  • Odessa Opera
  • Magyar State Opera House ( Staatsoper, Budapest)
  • Boston Lyric Opera ( Boston)
  • Lyric Opera of Chicago ( Chicago)
  • Dallas Opera ( Dallas )
  • Houston Grand Opera (Houston )
  • Los Angeles Opera (Los Angeles )
  • San Diego Opera (San Diego )
  • Metropolitan Opera (MET, New York)
  • New York City Opera (New York)
  • San Francisco Opera (San Francisco)
  • Seattle Opera (Seattle )
  • Washington National Opera (Washington, D.C. )

Photo Gallery

Copenhagen Opera House, Copenhagen

Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow

Sydney Opera House, Sydney

Auditorio de Tenerife, Spain

Palais Garnier, Paris

Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater, Odessa

War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco

Theatre Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk, the biggest opera house in Russia

Semper Opera House, Dresden

Metropolitan Opera, New York City

Opera House, Oslo

State Opera House, Berlin

Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City

Alexandria Opera House, Alexandria, Egypt

Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía, Valencia

Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires

Teatro Massimo, Palermo

Teatro di San Carlo, Naples

Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi, Trieste, Italy

Box (theatre) Zograscope William Shakespeare Amphitheatre The Establishment Extra (acting) Intendant Baden-Baden Festspielhaus Baden-Baden Staatstheater Braunschweig Chemnitz Opera Duisburg Deutsche Oper am Rhein Essen Gelsenkirchen Musiktheater im Revier Theater Hagen Operettenhaus Hanover Staatstheater Kassel Kiel Opera House Bavarian State Opera Prinzregententheater Opernhaus Wuppertal Bregenzer Festspiele Linz State Theatre Salzburg Festival Argentina Australia Brazil Amazon Theatre Bulgaria Finland Colmar Harpa (concert hall) Teatro Comunale Florence Teatro Regio (Parma) Teatro Regio (Turin) Verona Arena Vahdat Hall Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall Croatian National Theatre in Split Muscat, Oman Samara, Russia National Opera of Ukraine Glyndebourne Festival Opera
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