Sailing (sport)

Sailing Regatta is a competitive sport in which a previously tuned distance of two ( match racing ) or more ( fleet race ) boats at the same time is busy. When sailing this includes a much wider range than other sports usual. The duration of a competition may be from less than an hour to months in ocean races (for example, Volvo Ocean Race ). There are usually several races conducted in a regatta, the individual results are combined according to a prescribed method and determined as the winner. Races will be on the racing rules of the ISAF, the International Sailing Federation discharged.

  • 3.1 Olympic triangle
  • 3.2 Up-and -down course
  • 3.3 Trapezoidal tracks
  • 4.1 Major regattas in Europe 4.1.1 regattas that take place in or partly in Germany
  • 4.1.2 Major regattas that take place in Scandinavia
  • 4.1.3 Major regattas that take place in and around the UK and Ireland
  • 4.1.4 Major regattas that take place in the Mediterranean
  • 4.1.5 Other important races in Europe
  • 4.4.1 transatlantic regattas 4.4.1.1 East-West direction
  • 4.4.1.2 west-east direction

Conditions

Before a race, a tender will be published in the special conditions of the race are described. When logging just before the regatta sailors get a sailing instruction courses, special signals and specific rules determine, for example.

The cost of participation in sport are very different: a team in the America's Cup needs a million budget in order to participate at all, while with in dinghy classes such as Optimist, Laser, Europe, 420, 470, pirate or keelboat classes such as H-Boot or Kielzugvogel already normal means national and international successes are achieved. In addition to the cost of the boat, insurance and transportation are paid for regatta entry fees.

In professional ocean racing speed an absolute priority, which despite all the security measures in case of errors is also life for the crew. For dinghy regattas, the sporty need not be less demanding, although there is also always some risk of an accident, the risk is but clearly lower. Normally, depending on the number of participants and weather conditions several safety boats are used which allow the rapid intervention in case of emergency. This can be used by the organizers of the regatta own boats, if necessary, and wherever possible but is also to support in rescue organizations, such as water rescue, DLRG, etc. resorted to.

Boat classes

See also: List of boat classes

Smaller keelboats and dinghies are usually called unit classes ( or one design ). These boats have identical hulls, masts and partly identical sails and large trees and severely restricted in terms of equipment. The aim is the same starting conditions to provide all participants in a regatta.

For larger yachts, the numbers of boats, however, are usually too small to be sufficient to obtain large starting fields. Here different boats must sail against each other. To make the competition fair, there are so-called compensation formulas for the velocity potential of the boats will either be pre-calculated theoretically (IMS, IRC, ORC) or else is determined from empirical values ​​( Yardstick ). Every boat should have an individual value that sailed the time is corrected for the calculated time. This time is then relevant for the classification. The first boat in the target is so often not the winner, since a slower boat may have provided better performance on corrected time.

Another way to have different boats sail against each other, are the so-called design classes. Here, a certain frame is specified and developed a specific formula. In this formula values ​​such as displacement of the boat, depth, length, sail area, etc. go. The result of the formula must not exceed a certain value.

The designer must now try to get the best from the formulas, and, for example, decide whether it can be advantageous to increase the sail area, even if it the keel ballast must be reduced in order to remain in the formula restriction.

Examples of design classes are the "meter boats" as of 12, 8, 6, the Eintonner, half and quarter tonner Tonner of the seventies, but also the modern America's Cup yachts. The 12er (actually 12-meter racing yachts ) are but not 12 meters long, only the result of the measurement formula, in which the dimensions of the boat have been used, must not exceed 12 m. 12er are typically about 20-22 m long. The same applies to the Tonner and other design classes. Further design classes are the Jollenkreuzer 10 m2 ( C ), 15 m2 ( P), 16 m2 (S ), 20 m2 ( R ) and 30 m2 ( B). Here are the minimum and maximum length and width, determines the overall minimum weight and the measured sail area.

Current Olympic boat classes in sailing

At the Summer Olympics in 2008 in Beijing following competitions were held:

  • Dinghy single-handed Open - Finn - Dinghy
  • Dinghy single-handed men - Laser
  • Dinghy single-handed women - Laser Radial
  • Dinghy two-hand men / women - 470
  • Two-handed dinghy open - 49er ( Skiff)
  • Men's Keelboat - Star
  • Keelboat Women - Yngling
  • Multihulls - Tornado ( twin-hull dinghy )
  • Windsurfing Men / Women - NeilPryde RS: X

At the Summer Olympics in 2012 in London the following competitions were held:

  • Dinghy single-handed men - Laser
  • Dinghy single-handed men - Finn - Dinghy
  • Dinghy single-handed women - Laser Radial
  • Dinghy two-hand men / women - 470
  • Two-handed dinghy men - 49er ( Skiff)
  • Men's Keelboat - Star
  • Keelboat Women ( Match Race ) - Elliott 6m
  • Windsurfing Men / Women - NeilPryde RS: X

To get an overview of the currently approved in Summer Olympics in sailing boat classes, see: List of Olympic sailing.

Regatta courses

Olympic triangle

Nearly all sailing regattas were previously on a triangular course ( " Olympic triangle", but is no longer used at the Olympic Games ) held, which is designed with the help of three buoys. The first buoy or buoy Lee usually together with the committee boat start line. The start line is designed approximately transverse to the wind direction. The second buoy or windward buoy is directly downwind from the starting line, so that the boats must cross to the second buoy. The third or space - buoy is abeam to the line connecting the other two buoys. The distance between the buoys ( and thus the path length) depends on the class of boat on the wind conditions and the desired race duration. The buoys are usually rounded several times, but is usually omitted, the space- buoy in the second round, so for example start / 1-2-3 / 1-3 / 1-2-3 / target. The finish line is then usually formed by the windward buoy and the committee boat that needs to go to while racing from the Lee - buoy to windward buoy. To be flexible, are often not used for the start and finish line of the windward or leeward buoy buoys but specially applied and sometimes a separate target ship will be used. This specific start and end buoys then usually carry orange flags. This triangular course drive today usually boat classes that have no spinnaker.

Up-and -down course

In the America's Cup, catamarans, as well as in most dinghy and keelboat classes with spinnaker or gennaker, the up-and -down course has prevailed. After starting the boats sail to the lying against the wind Luvboje, from there to a semi- wind about 100 meters away from the wind Ablaufboje and then back to the leeward mark. This brand is often the gateway consists of two closely spaced buoys ( Leetor ) designed. The ships must sail through this gate pass. You can use any of the two tons round. This course is repeatedly circling (usually three times) and then sailed to the finish, which is upwind of the leeward mark.

Trapezoidal tracks

If two or more classes are to sail, increasingly, a trapeze web is designed in two different courses can be sailed and thus disturb the classes against each other less. ( " Innerloop " and " outerloop " ) When outerloop course is first actuated and located in windward buoy after the start, followed by a space course to a second buoy, from there buoy before the wind, on a third (Lee ) then against the wind again to the second buoy, back to third Leeboje and raumen wind to a fourth buoy the start / target ship is again in the lee. From there, a cross rate leads to the goal. When Innerloop course, however, is the "loop" sailed around the first and fourth buoy.

Regatta Sailing Events

Major regattas in Europe

Regattas that take place in or partly in Germany

  • German Bundesliga sailing, nationwide, year-round racing series
  • Kieler Woche sailing regatta
  • Travemünde Week sailing regatta
  • Warnemünde Week sailing regatta
  • Nordseewoche, sailing regatta ( North Sea / Helgoland)
  • Pantaenius round Skagen Race, every even year following the Nordseewoche
  • Helgoland Edinburgh regatta, every odd year following the Nordseewoche
  • Around, sailing race around the Lake Constance
  • Rheinwoche, sailing regatta on the medium to the Lower Rhine
  • Swan Baltic Challenge ( Baltic Sea, Start / Finish: Glücksburg ), sailing regatta
  • Berlin Yardstick CUP ( Wannsee and Havel, Start / Finish: 30 races per year), sailing regatta
  • 20 -Hour race, discharged annually at the Berlin Müggelsee since 1950 race
  • Baltic Cup, Sets of independent races that take place throughout the season in the western Baltic.

Major regattas that take place in Scandinavia

  • Copenhagen Swan challenge, Copenhagen, sailing regatta
  • Baltic Match Race

Major regattas that take place in and around the UK and Ireland

  • Admiral 's Cup - a regatta Cowes and the English Channel
  • Cowes Week Regatta week on the Solent and around the Isle of Wight (1882 model for the Kiel Week )
  • Swan Rolex Fastnet Race, ocean race, ( the English Channel and Irish Sea, Start / Finish: Cowes )
  • Rolex Swan European Regatta in Cowes
  • Swan Northern European Challenge ( English Channel, Start / Finish: Cowes )
  • Seven Star Round Britain and Ireland Race ( Start / Finish: Cowes ) Organization: Royal Ocean Racing Club

Major regattas that take place in the Mediterranean

  • Kornati Cup sailing regatta for leisure sailors in the Kornati / Croatia
  • Copa del Rey, Palma de Mallorca, sailing regatta sailing with much prominence under the patronage of King Juan Carlos
  • Swan World Cup in Porto Cervo / Sardinia, Sailing Regatta
  • Sardinia Cup, Porto Cervo / Sardinia, Sailing Regatta
  • Rolex Capri Sailing Week, Capri, Italy, Sailing Regatta
  • Swan 45 Gold Cup in Capri Sailing Regatta
  • Rolex Swan Cup on the Costa Smeralda, sailing regatta
  • Swan Mediterranean Challenge ( Mediterranean, Start / Finish: Saint- Tropez), sailing regatta
  • Barcolana Sailing Regatta in Trieste, with 2,000 participating yachts, the largest sailing regatta in the world, since 1969
  • Audi MedCup sailing regatta with Transpac 52 boats, sailed at six locations in the Mediterranean

Other important races in Europe

  • Austria Cup, sailing regatta
  • Bol d'Or, sailing regatta on Lake Geneva
  • Centomiglia, sailing race around the lake
  • Ronde om Texel, the largest catamaran regatta in the world, about 100 km around Texel, The Netherlands
  • Solitaire du Figaro ( orig. La Course de l' Aurore ) - annual single-handed race in four stages in France and mostly Spain and / or Ireland, since 1970
  • Tall Ships ' Races, sailing regatta and youth exchange
  • 24 uurs Zeilrace, major regatta for sea-going yachts in the Netherlands
  • Round Palagruža Cannonball, middle distance race in device class, Adriatic
  • Tour de France à la Voile; of Dunkirk to Royan and then from Port Camargue to La Seyne -sur -Mer

Racing in America

  • International Rolex Regatta, St. Thomas ( U.S. Virgin Islands)
  • Rolex Swan American Regatta, New York
  • Bermuda Race, Newport ( Rhode Iceland ) to Bermuda - every second year since 1906
  • Onion Patch, race series in conjunction with the Bermuda Race - 1964
  • Antigua Sailing Week Antigua, annually since 1967
  • Swan Caribbean Challenge, Caribbean
  • Swan East American Challenge, Atlantic; Start / Finish: Newport / USA

Regatta in Australia

  • Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race - annually from Sydney ( Australia) to Hobart ( Tasmania ), Start: 2nd Christmas Day ( Boxing Day ), since 1945

Regattas across oceans or around the world

Transatlantic regattas

In addition to one-off races lead or led the following recurring regattas across the Atlantic:

East-west direction
  • Single - Handed Transatlantic Race (originally " Observer Single - Handed Trans-Atlantic Race", short OSTAR, later changing sponsors ), since 1960 every four years held single-handed race from Plymouth ( England) in the USA; after 2000, divided into: The Transat - four year held regatta for sailing professionals (since 2004)
  • OSTAR (Original Single -handed Transatlantic Race ) - four year held regatta for amateur (since 2005)
West-east direction
  • Transat Québec -Saint- Malo - every four years from Québec ( Canada) to Saint- Malo (France), since 1984

Trans-Pacific Regatta

  • Transpacific Yacht Race (short: Transpac ) - every two years in Los Angeles (USA ) to Honolulu (Hawaii), for single and multi- hull boats, since 1906, but now in odd years

Regattas around the world

  • Vendée Globe - a single-handed race around the world
  • Volvo Ocean Race (formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race ) - one every four -yearly race around the world
  • Portimão Global Ocean Race - Class 40 yachts around the world
  • Barcelona World Race - race non-stop for two -person teams, for the first time 2007/2008 and again from 2010
  • BOC Challenge ( renamed later: Around Alone or VELUX 5 Oceans Race ) - every four years discharged handed race with stopovers, since 1982/83
  • Global Challenge - between 1992/93 and 2004/05, every four years, performed amateur race with stopovers in East-West direction (ie, against the prevailing winds ), on identical, designed for the regatta boats

Regattas worldwide changing places

  • ISAF World Sailing Games - a sailing event modeled after the Olympic Games, at different venues
  • Summer Olympic Games - Sailing Competition
  • America's Cup - since 1851 existing regatta with two participants yachts ( match racing ), held in the home waters of the titleholder (with title holders from states without coast in waters at the discretion of the Defender )
  • Louis Vuitton Cup - the qualifying event for the America 's Cup, at different venues according to the America's Cup
420 (dinghy) 470 (dinghy) Pirate (dinghy) H-boat List of sailing boat types One-Design Boom (sailing) Draft (hull) Star (sailboat) Yngling (keelboat) Tornado (sailboat) List of Olympic medalists in sailing Olympic sailing classes Saint-Tropez Barcolana regatta La Seyne-sur-Mer Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands Newport (Rhode Island) Mini Transat 6.50 Route du Rhum Saint-Malo Guadeloupe Atlantic Rally for Cruisers Gran Canaria Lesser Antilles Le Havre Dakar
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