Siberian Route

The Siberian tract ( Сибирский тракт; Sibirsky trakt ), in Siberia and Moscow tract ( Московский тракт, Moskovsky trakt ) called, was an old military and trade route that led across Siberia and Vladivostok reached the Pacific Ocean. Simplification, it is at times spoken of the Tea Road.

In November 1689, a decree of the Russian Tsar, in which the construction of a road connection to Siberia was called appeared. This command was made possible by the signing of the Treaty of Nertschinsk, were dissolved in the territorial disputes between China and Russia. After clarifying these issues older routes of the tea trade were shifted further to the north, where they could be monitored more closely by Russia or China. In fact, the building was, however, begun in 1730 and completed in the mid-18th century. Even today, followed by several trunk roads in Siberia, more or less close to the old course of the Siberian tract. Also arterial roads of larger cities carry either officially or colloquially this label ajar name (" Irkutsk tract ", " Moscow tract ," etc.).

The importance as a trade route subsided, as other means of transport took over the transport. 1860 opened the Beijing Convention between the Qing Dynasty and the Western powers, the Chinese seaports. With the completion of the Siberian Railway in 1905, finally, the transport became redundant with horses and the trade route shifted from the former junction of the Tea Road Kjachta to Nizhny Novgorod.

Route

The Siberian tract began in Tyumen and led over Ishim, Tjukalinsk, Omsk, and Kainsk (today Kuibyshev ) to Kolyvan, where he crossed the river Ob. After 1611 km Tomsk was reached. In Omsk, the streets of Orenburg, Akmolinsk (now the Kazakh capital Astana ) and Semipalatinsk meet together, while a road leads from Tomsk to Barnaul. During the navigation period, the goods put the distance Tomsk Tyumen Waterborne back, on the rivers Tura, Tobol, Irtysh, Ob and Tom.

The eastern half of the Siberian tract began in Tomsk and led over Marinsk, Atschinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kansk Nischneudinsk to Irkutsk ( 1663 km ). In Krasnoyarsk the ways of Yenisejsk and Minusinsk led a. From Irkutsk the main path led around Lake Baikal after Werchne Udinsk (today's Ulan -Ude ), from where the southern route led by Kjachta on the Chinese border, and the northern Chita, Sretensk (today Sretensk ), then on the Shilka and the Amur Blagoveshchensk on, Chabarowka (present-day Khabarovsk ), after Nikolaievsk or of Chabarowka on the Ussuri and the Sungari to Vladivostok.

The total distance from Tyumen to Vladivostok was on this route 7793 km.

Importance

The Siberian tract was for the colonization of Siberia and the development of its agricultural potential and raw materials of great importance. He was the first modern long-distance transport route, which enabled a continuous east-west connection through large parts of Russia. Its importance as a main traffic artery of Siberia took off, however, with the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway (1905 ).