Châlons-en-Champagne
Chalons-en -Champagne (until 1997 Châlons -sur -Marne ) is a town with 45 153 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2011 ) in northeastern France in the historic landscape Champagne. It is the capital of the Champagne- Ardenne region and the department of Marne.
History
In 451 took place at Chalons-en -Champagne may be the battle of the Catalaunian fields against Attila place ( in Roman times the city was called Catalauni ). The city was governed by bishops in the Middle Ages, what you gave numerous religious buildings, including the Saint-Etienne Cathedral, Notre -Dame -en- Vaux and Saint -Jean. However, the spiritual dominion curtailed the bourgeoisie and thus the economic development of the city. This meant that the agricultural industry to this day is the most important economic sector.
On 20 June 1791, the family of Louis XVI happened. in their flight to Varennes, the coaching of Châlons.
In August 1870, the French army man collected under Mac Mahon in a strength of 130,000 after their withdrawal from the Alsace region of Châlons, where Napoleon III on August 16, came to her. The therefore called the Army of Châlons should shock from here Marshal Bazaine in Metz, but had to switch from the Prussians north - only to Reims, later to Beaumont and finally in the defeat of the Battle of Sedan. During the First World War, German troops coming from the north reached on September 4, 1914, the city and were without greater resistance to indent. The French garrison retreated hastily back, leaving behind equipment.
Until 1997, the city of Chalons- sur -Marne said.
Train
- Since 1806 there is an art and craft high school ( Ecole des Arts et Métiers ).
- College of St. Etienne, Episcopal School, partner school of St. John's High School Lahnstein and the Wilhelm- Hofmann -Gymnasium in St.Goarshausen.
- National Centre for Circus Arts ( Centre national des arts du cirque, short CNAC ) founded in 1986
Attractions
- Church of Notre -Dame -en- Vaux
- Cathedral Saint- Étienne
- Musée Schiller et Goethe
- Musée des Beaux -Arts et d' Archéologie
- Musée Garinet
The city is associated with the Regional Natural Park of the Montagne de Reims, the access location.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Pierre Richer de Belleval (around 1564-1632 ), botanist and physician
- Fédéric Morel (1552-1630), translator
- Claude Chastillon (1560-1658), architect, cartographer and engraver
- Louis Lallemant (1578-1635), theologian, Jesuit
- David Blondel (1590-1655), theologian
- Jean Talon (1625-1694), first director of New France from 1665 to 1672
- Claude Aubriet (1665-1742), painter Nature
- Antoine de Chezy (1718-1798), hydraulic engineering
- Nicolas Appert (1749-1841), pastry chef and inventor
- Claude Antoine Compère (1774-1812), General
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1781-1838), German naturalist and poet
- Herbillon Émile (1794-1866), General
- Auguste Nicolas Eugène Millon (1812-1867), Chemist
- Adolphe Willette (1857-1926), illustrator, cartoonist and painter.
- Maurice Renard (1875-1939), writer
- Öhmichen Étienne (1884-1955), Engineer
- Pierre Dac (1893-1975), humorist and comedian
- Robert Antral (1895-1939), painter and graphic artist
- René- Joseph Piérard (1899-1994), Bishop
- Henri Lauvaux (1900-1970, Paris ), long-distance runner
- Jacques Massu (1908-2002), General
- Paul -Louis Carrière (1908-2008), Bishop of Laval
- Pierre Hourcade (1908-1983), linguist and literary scholar
- Edmond -Marie -Henri Abelé ( born 1925 ), Bishop
- Mano Solo (1963-2010), singer
- Xavier Bertrand (born 1965 ), politician
In Châlons French bishop William of Champeaux (c. 1070-1121 ), the Crown Princess Margaret of Scotland ( 1424-1445 ), the French General Alfred Chanzy ( 1823-1883 ), the Luxembourg entrepreneur Emil Mayrisch ( 1862-1928 ) and died the Italian clown and artist Francesco Caroli ( 1922-2004 ).
The composer Pierre Menault (1642-1694) was Kapellmeister, the French politician Pierre Louis Prieur (1756-1827) as a lawyer in the city operates.
Twinning
- Burkina Faso Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- United Kingdom Ilkeston, United Kingdom
- Canada Mirabel, suburb of Montreal, Canada
- Germany Neuss, Germany
- Bulgaria Razgrad, Bulgaria
- Germany Wittenberg, Germany
Transport links
Chalons-en -Champagne is on the railway line Paris -Nancy- Strasbourg, also has links with Metz, Reims, Verdun and Champagne-Ardenne TGV station on the LGV Est européenne.
North of the city runs the A4 / Autoroute de l' Est ( Paris - Strasbourg ), west of Chalons is the A26 / Autoroute des Anglais, the Calais ( Euro Tunnel ) connects with Troyes and is part of the Grand contournement de Paris. Furthermore, until 1973 Châlons was node for long national roads: in East-West direction (now D3), which connects N3 Paris with Germany at Saarbruecken, in northeast-southwest direction, the N77 (now D977 ), the Nevers with Belgium in Bouillon connects, as well as the N44 north to Saint- Quentin. By 1949, the N4 began to Germany in Strasbourg; which was extended in 1949 by Vitry to Paris and was replaced by a prolonged N44. West -chain nor from the N33, which served a southern alternative to the N3. Today, there are only the N44, which is but out east around the city.