Belushya Guba
Beluschja Guba (Russian Белушья Губа ) is an urban-type settlement in the archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. It is placed under the Nenets Autonomous County, which is part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The village has 1972 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ).
Geography
Beluschja Guba is located on the bay in the west of the South Island of Novaya Zemlya, on the Gussinaja Zemlya Peninsula. Nine kilometers northeast of the settlement is the military air base Rogatschowo.
The bay flows around the whole year of warm ocean currents. The entrance to the bay is 30 to 50 meters and the bay itself 10 to 30 feet deep. Due to these conditions, it is the year with vessels of all classes, with only minimal use of icebreakers, passable. In harsh winters, the frozen ice reaches a maximum of 1 km from the bay and is only one meter thick. The bay is well protected from floating ice masses due to natural events.
History
In 1894 it was decided during a visit by the then Governor of the Arkhangelsk Gouvernementes AP Engelgard that Beluschja Guba is the place of settlement. In 1896 an expedition on the ship Samojed ( Самоед ) explored the western shore of the island of Novaya Zemlya. Some of the members of the expedition were named after a geographical feature on the island. So the Cape Lilje ( Лилье ) and Morozov ( Морозов ), were named the Gulf Gavrilov ( Гаврилов ) and the bays Nasimow ( Назимов ) for members of the expedition. On the shore of the bay Samoyed originated in 1897, the settlement Beluschja Guba.
On September 17, 1954, the Nuclear test site Novaya Zemlya was founded on Novaya Zemlya. In the following years have been many nuclear tests on Novaya Zemlya. Beluschja Guba was during this time to the central living and scientific center of Novaya Zemlya. On 27 February 1992 the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin decree № 194 signed order to the central test site of the Russian Federation ( Центральный полигон Российской Федерации; ZPRF ) was the testing ground made .
Economy
Today Beluschja Guba is the capital of the Central Poligon the Russian Federation. In the settlement there is a school for 560 people, a kindergarten for 80 people, 17 houses, three hotels, the television and radio station Orbita (Russian Орбита ), a military hospital, home of the officers and an Orthodox church.
In the near future Beluschja Guba can be a major transportation center. There is a project for a major oil port in Beluschja Guba, from which the oil from Western Siberia and gas to be transported from the Yamal Peninsula on. In the vicinity of the settlement, there is precious metal (including silver) and non-ferrous metal deposits ( manganese, lead, zinc). In the exploitation of the nearby ore deposits the ores are to be transported from the port by sea. The construction of an oil terminal in Beluschja Guba would reduce expenditure on the export of oil compared to transport by pipeline.