Curitiba

Curitiba in the Brazilian state of Paraná

Curitiba [ kuɾitʃibɐ ] is a city in Brazil and the capital of the state of Paraná.

• 7.1 company
• 7.2 traffic 7.2.1 Public transport

• 7.3.1 airport
• 7.3.2 highways
• 7.3.3 Rodoferroviária
• 7.3.4 railways

• 9.1 Sons and daughters of the town

Geography

Geographical location

Curitiba is located on the first paranasal Saxon plateau, the Primeiro Planalto Paranaense, inland about 90 kilometers from the port of Paranaguá. She has according to the census of 2010 1.751.907 million inhabitants, which are Portuguese curitibano ( Curitibaner ) called. On 1 July 2012, the population was estimated by the IBGE to 1,776,761 residents. The geographic coordinates are 25.42 degrees South latitude and 49.29 degrees west longitude, height above sea level is 934 meters.

Curitiba is the seat of the metropolitan area Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC ) to the 37 cities and five micro-regions belong ( 2006 estimate: approximately 3.7 million inhabitants). It is also the seat of Microrregião de Curitiba administrative unit called and eighth largest in the Brazilian cities of millions.

Climate

History

The name comes from the word Curitiba Cure Tuba the Tupi language, which refers to the many in the region Araucaria. The Portuguese who founded the city in 1693, gave it the name Vila Nossa Senhora da Luz e Bom Jesus dos Pinhais. Already in 1721 the name was changed in Curitiba.

Curitiba officially became a city in 1842. Their growth was based on trade, especially cattle trade. 1854 Curitiba was the capital of Paraná. There followed a period of rapid development, which were built in schools and theaters.

From 1870 onwards, hiked many European immigrants, especially German, Poles, Ukrainians and Italians, one to Curitiba. Also, a smaller number of French, British and Swiss immigrants founded colonies in the vicinity of the city and has concentrated mainly on agriculture and traditional crafts.

From 1915 to 1924, many Japanese, Lebanese and Syrians immigrated to Curitiba.

In 1913 was founded with the Universidade Federal do Paraná, the first Federal University, the same year the horse tramway was electrified.

Planning

In professional circles the city of Curitiba is known for her powerful transport system with its own bus lanes on the main roads. For use are double articulated buses and the stops are elevated tubes that are equipped with handicap access. The system, used by 85% of Curitiba's population, the TransMilenio in Bogotá ( Colombia) served as a model. The city is also successful in maintaining the green areas and boasts to have 54 square meters of green area per inhabitant.

The city also began another interesting project: under the name " Faróis do Saber " ( Lighthouses of Knowledge ) freely available educational centers such as libraries, Internet access, and other cultural institutions were opened. Then lighthouses were actually grown to make this widely recognized by the building of these facilities.

Today, Curitiba is considered one of the world's best examples of successful urban planning. In June 1996, Curitiba was honored at the Congress of urban planners in Istanbul as the " most innovative city in the world."

Tourist destinations ( selection)

• Torre Panorâmica ( Lookout, the same used by Brasil Telecom telecommunications purposes )
• Santa Felicidade neighborhood, known for its gastronomy
• Oscar Niemeyer Museum
• Park Passeio Público
• Parque Tanguá, artificially created parkland
• Botanical Garden ( Jardim Botanico)
• Ópera de Arame (Wire Opera House)

Oscar Niemeyer Museum

ópera

Archdiocese of Curitiba

• Archdiocese of Curitiba
• Eparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba

Sports

Curitiba has 3 major football clubs:

• Coritiba FC ( 1909): Brazilian champion in 1985, currently in the Série A.
• Atlético Paranaense (1924 ): Brazilian Champion 2001, currently in the Série A.
• Paraná Clube (1989 ): currently in the Série B

Was born in Curitiba, the beach volleyball player Emanuel Rego, Olympic champion and two-time world champion.

Since 1967, Curitiba has a motorsport race that has been extended and modernized in the 90's. The Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba is one of the most modern circuits in the country. The World Touring Car Championship 2008 began on 2 March 2008 in Curitiba.

Economy and infrastructure

Business

In addition to Siemens and Robert Bosch GmbH, there are other plants of the automobile manufacturers Volkswagen, Renault, and Volvo in the Industrial Park of Curitiba. Also, an oil refinery produced locally. Curitiba's economy benefited particularly from which only about 70 kilometers from the port of Paranaguá. The Brazilian computer manufacturer Positivo also has its headquarters in Curitiba. The German -Brazilian Chamber of Commerce and Industry is represented in Curitiba with a branch.

Traffic

Until the 1960s, the population of Curitiba was grown to 430,000. It was feared that the growth of the population would change life in the city dramatically. In 1964, Mayor Ivo Arzua asked for suggestions for a town planning. Architect Jaime Lerner, who later became mayor and then governor, was led a group of the Federal University of the State of Paraná, which suggested to strictly control the urban sprawl, reduce traffic in the city to preserve the historical heritage of Curitiba and a comfortable build and generally affordable public transport. This plan was adopted in 1968. Lerner closed XV de Novembro Rua - one of the main main roads - for car traffic and turned a new road design to the reduction of traffic. This design, called the triple road system consists of two one-way streets that lead in opposite directions and surround a smaller, two-lane road.

Public transport

In the 1980s, the speech Integrada de Transporte ( "integrated transport network " ) was completed. It permits a drive to any point in the city for a single fare.

A special feature in Curitiba are the stops tubes with high platform, which were set up at all stops with Linha DIRETA or Expresso Biarticulado operation. These are always staffed with personnel who perform the time-consuming ticket sales and ticket control at the entrance to the tube, so that the vehicle with very short holding times for the exchange of passengers manages itself. This effect is reinforced by the high-level platforms that allow a plane in and out without steps. This can be achieved with the high-floor buses exceptionally high cruising speed.

The precise operation of such a passenger change shows the following series of images:

The network of bus routes has been strictly hierarchized, so that there are ten different products, each with specific transport tasks today:

• Circular Centro ( white painted minibuses ): a circle line for the development of the central city area
• Convencional (yellow painted minibuses ) for the development of a neighborhood
• Convencional / Troncal (yellow lacquered normal buses): connecting lines between the districts
• Troncal Articulado (yellow painted articulated buses ): heavily loaded lines connecting the districts
• Alimentador (orange lacquered normal buses): feeder lines to the Interbairros, the Diretas and Expressos
• Alimentador Articulado (orange painted articulated buses ): heavily loaded feeder lines to the Interbairros, the Diretas and Expressos
• Interbairros Padron (dark green lacquered normal buses): fast connection lines between the districts
• Interbairros Articulado (dark green painted articulated buses ): heavily loaded, fast connection lines between the districts
• Linha DIRETA (silver painted ( joint) high-floor buses): these form a rapid bus network connects the major transfer points of the city without intermediate stops - the buses have their access doors on the left side of the vehicle, because it means that stops tube can also be reached from the right and a direct transfer can take place on the same bus platform through the tube in the opposite bus
• Expresso Biarticulado (dark orange painted double-articulated high-floor buses): a high-performance network of the city by crossing lines, which has the character of a " light rail system on Wheels" and runs for the most part on their own, independent from the rest of traffic Bustrassen.

Long-distance traffic

Airport

In São José dos Pinhais near the city of Curitiba Afonso Pena International Airport is located (IATA: CWB, ICAO: SBCT ). He is connected to the transport network. Commercially oriented flights in the region are handled all through this airport.

Highways

Curitiba has connection to the major cities of Brazil on the highways BR -116, BR-376/101, BR -277, BR -476 and BR- 153rd Thus for example the highway São Paulo - Rio Grande do Sul through the urban area.

Rodoferroviária

The Rodoferroviária corresponds to what is best described in the German language with " Central Bus Station ". The starting of Curitiba or conducting through the city bus coach tours also allow for significantly more than 1000 km distant targets (eg, Recife, Rio de Janeiro). For use are predominantly used comfortable overland coaches.

Railway lines

Passenger rail service does not exist, not even in transport. However, the city has connection to the rail freight transport. The Serra Verde Express for tourists but connects Curitiba daily with Morretes. On Sundays he goes to the port of Paranaguá, when the station is ready for renovation.

Twinning

• Poland Krakow, Poland
• Mexico Guadalajara, Mexico
• Japan Himeji, Japan
• United States Orlando (Florida ), United States
• United States Jacksonville (Florida ), United States
• Portugal Coimbra, Portugal

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the town

• Brasilio Itiberê da Cunha Luz (1896-1967), composer
• César Lattes (1924-2005), experimental physicist and co-discoverer of pi- meson
• Dalton Trevisan ( born 1925 ), writer
• Jaime Lerner, President of the UIA ( International Union of Architects )
• Nilson Fanini (1932-2009), Baptist minister and president of the Baptist World Alliance 1995-2000
• Carlos Rasch ( born 1932 ), Sci- fiction writer in the GDR
• Henrique de Curitiba (1934-2008), Polish- Brazilian composer
• Jocy de Oliveira ( b. 1936 ), composer
• Alice Ruiz ( born 1946 ), poet and translator
• Paulo Américo Veiga Wolowsky (* 1946), diplomat
• Lígia Maria Scherer ( born 1951 ), diplomat
• Dirceu (1952-1995), Brazilian international footballer
• Raul Boesel (* 1957), race car driver
• Mauro Ribeiro ( b. 1964 ), cyclist
• Paulo Rink (* 1973), thirteen- times German national football team
• Kismara Pessatti ( b. 1974 ), opera and concert singer ( alto ).
• Marco Campos (1976-1995), Brazilian racing driver
• Ricardo Zonta (* 1976), race car driver
• Wanderlei Silva (born 1976 ), MMA fighter in the Pride Fighting Championships ( Light Heavyweight Champ )
• Alexsandro de Souza ( born 1977 ), Brazilian footballer
• Enrique Bernoldi (born 1978 ), race car driver
• Ilan Araújo ( born 1980 ), football player
• Mauricio Rua (* 1981), MMA fighter in the Pride Fighting Championships ( Light Heavyweight Champ of the tournament in 2005 )
• Marcelo Tosatti (* 1982 ), one of the Linux kernel programmers
• Augusto Farfus ( * 1983), automobile racing driver
• Adriano Correia Claro ( born 1984 ), football player
• Thiago Schumacher ( born 1986 ), football player
• José Reis, experimental engineer at Bosch, 2008 Steel Sharks Traun Offense Line
• Willian Farias (* 1989), football player
• Pietro Fantin (* 1991), Brazilian racing driver