Jaun

Jaun

Jaun (French: Bellegarde, Freiburg Patois Balavouêrda / i ) is a municipality in the canton of Fribourg Greyerzbezirk in Switzerland. It is the only German -speaking community of La Gruyère.

Geography

Jaun is situated at 1,015 m above sea level. M., 17 km east of the district main town cop (air line). The village is located in the upper Jauntal (French Vallée de la Jogne ) west of the Jaun Pass, slightly increased on the northern slope of the valley of the Jaunbach, in the Fribourg Alps between the Chörblispitz in the north and the guest lots to the south.

The area of ​​55.2 km ² municipal area includes a portion of the Fribourg Alps on both sides of Jauntals. The central part of the area is from Jogne ( called the upper reaches also Jäunli ) flows through from east to west. The valley usually has a flat lowland of 200 to 500 m wide, only in the Kappelboden climb the slopes on both sides of the creek steeply. In the village of Jaun of a karst spring, whose water flows after a cascade in the Jogne. South of Jaunbach the area encompassing the valleys of saddle brook, the Little Mont Bach and the eastern side of the valley of the Ruisseau du Grosmont with the mountain Hochmatt ( 2'152 m above sea level. M. ). The southern boundary runs through the limestone peaks of Wandfluh ( 2'133 m above sea level. M. ), the saddle points ( 2,123 m above sea level. M. ) and the guest lots ( 1,996 m above sea level. M. ).

To the east of the municipality of soil does not reach to the watershed on the Jaun Pass; the boundary runs along the western slope of the baths horn. North of the Jauntals the municipality extends to the ridge with Vanils of Raveires, Maischüpfenspitz (French Vanil d' Arpille or Petit Brun, 2,085 m above sea level. M. ), Schopfenspitz (French Gros Brun, 2'104 m above sea level. M. ) Chörblispitz ( 2,102 m above sea level. M. ) and sheep mountain on which to 2,223 m above sea. M. the highest point of Jaun is achieved. Between Chörblispitz and mountain sheep, the Euschelspass is ( 1'567 m above sea level. M. ). A small proportion of the municipal area is north of this pass in the catchment area of the Black Sea. Also, the eastern part of the Black Sea, some houses of Gypsera, Riggisalp and the summit of the east of it lying Kaiseregg ( 2,185 m above sea level. M. ) belong to Jaun. From the municipality surface 1997 2 % came from settlements, 38 % of forest and shrubs, 42 % to agriculture and about 18% was unproductive land.

To Jaun include the hamlet Im Fang ( French La Villette, 922 m above sea level. M. ) at the mouth of the Little Mont of Bach in the Jogne, Zur Eich ( 943 m above sea level. M. ) west of the village, Kappelboden ( 1,020 m above sea. M. ), Oberbach ( 1,025 m above sea level. M. ) and Weibel Ried ( 1,050 m above sea level. M. ) in Jauntal east of the village as well as numerous individual farms and alpine huts. Neighboring communities of Jaun are Val -de- Charmey and Plaffeien in the Canton of Fribourg and Saanen and Gstaad in the Canton of Bern.

Population and language

With 667 inhabitants ( 31 December 2012) Jaun one of the smaller municipalities of the canton of Fribourg. Of the residents 89.5 % are German, 9.8 % French-speaking and 0.3 % speak Serbo-Croatian (as of 2000). Jaun is thus the only German speaking village in the Gruyère. The language border crosses the Jaun Valley west of the hamlet Im Fang. The population of Jaun amounted in 1880 to 877 residents in 1900 to 825 inhabitants. During the 20th century the number of inhabitants long time commuted 750-850 people, but increased significantly in the 1960s from. Since then, the population remained fairly stable.

The most Alemannic dialect Jauner was documented in the early 20th century: Karl Stucki: The dialect of the Canton of Fribourg Jaun. Phonology and inflection. Huber, Frauenfeld 1917 ( Contributions to the Swiss German grammar X).

Economy and Tourism

Jaun was until the second half of the 20th century, mainly coined by farming village. Since the 16th century the mill was operated at Jaun. When no longer profitable agriculture in Jauntal, it was abandoned in the 19th century. In the 19th century, was dismantled in the municipality also coal and saltpeter. From 1912 to 1932 car and motorcycle races are held every year in Jaun.

Even today, the livestock and dairy industry have an important role in the economic structure of the population, in Jaun also with a protected designation of origin (AOC ) produced from raw milk Gruyere should be prepared. More jobs are available in the local retail industry ( wood processing) and services. The village is the site of a private power station, which uses the water power of the karst river. Ever since Jaun has developed in the 1960s to a resort with summer and winter tourism, the industry is also geared to the needs of tourists. On the northern slope of the Gastlosen three ski lifts and a 4-seater chairlift in operation, opening up a total of about 25km alpine ski slopes in winter. The new carriage way from the " Bärghus on Musersbergli " next to the top station of the chairlift, with 6km length of the longest in the region. In the summer half-year long walks can be taken of the surrounding alpine meadows and mountain peaks.

Traffic

The community is conveniently technically quite well developed. It lies on the main road from Bulle over the Jaun Pass by Gstaad. Because the road was formerly often buried by avalanches, it was partially installed in a gallery. By bus Transports Publics Fribourgeois that travel from Bulle to Freiburg via Gstaad and La Roche to Jaun, the village is connected to the public transport network.

History

Some traces indicate a settlement of the Jauntals already Mesolithic. The name Jaun evolved from the Celtic Jagona which means the cold. The first written mention of the village was carried out in 1228 under the French name Balavarda. Later, the names Ballavardô (1250 ), the German name Youn ( 1397 ) and Bella Garda (1426 ) published.

The upper Jauntal was settled in the 12th century from the Simmental, the village is in German today. In the Middle Ages Jaun belonged to the dominion of Corbières, but was in 1249 the seat of a collateral line of the Lords of Corbières, as the rule was divided among three brothers. The pre-existing castle Bellavuarda was therefore developed. 1285 came the reign Corbières -Jaun under the suzerainty of the Counts of Savoy. Through an invasion of troops from Saanen country and the Simmental, the castle was destroyed in 1407.

Jaun concluded in 1475 a castle legal contract with Freiburg. The rule, which was at that time under the protection of the county of Greyerz, 1504 went on to Freiburg. At the beginning of the 16th century went out the side line of the Lords of the Corbières Jaun. From 1504 to 1798 Jaun was a Canton Fribourg bailiwick. The area around the settlement was Abländschen 1555 Bern slammed. In a village fire in 1711, many homes were affected. After the collapse of the ancien régime (1798 ), the village was first provisionally, from 1848 definitely to the district of Gruyère. Until 1870, when the new road was opened in the area of ​​Jaun gorge above Broc, Jaun was oriented economically more for Simmental than for Greyerzerland out. Since 1954, numerous avalanche barriers were installed on the southern slopes of Schopfenspitz and Chörblispitz. Previously, the avalanches often invaded before until the valley floor and destroyed on several houses.

Attractions

The village has two churches Jaun. The older church dates originally from the 11th and 12th century, was later repeatedly rebuilt and expanded, the current church dates from 1808 to 1811. Since 1910, this church is no longer used as a house of God, but serves as a " Cantorama " ( house of song ) with a concert hall. The organ was built in 1786 by Johann Dreher has been restored and re-consecrated in 2011.

The new, above the main road standing church of St. Stephen was consecrated in 1910. Also noteworthy is the cemetery, which is characterized by a large number of hand-carved crosses with Christ figure. In Weiler 's catch at the Church of Saint Joseph in 1870. In the various districts there are several chapels, namely the Anthony Chapel in Kappelboden, St. Mary's Chapel in Weibel Ried and two other chapels in the catch.

In the village there are numerous characteristic houses from the 17th to the 19th century, similar to the style in the Simmental farmhouses. The governor house dates from 1782nd On the south side on a ledge above the Kappelboden are the ruins of the castle was destroyed in 1407 Bellegarde.

The waterfall of Jaun flows out of the rock, with no visible inflow. It is believed that the water from the region of Grosmont comes. Divers ventured into the cave to about 300 m depth. The special on the underground supply is that the water flows from the upstream depth. The divers have dived up to 80 m. The strong current has until now prevented progress.

Sports

Jaun is the starting point and destination of the discharged annually Trophée des Gastlosen, a folk and race competition in the field of ski mountaineering.