Liao dynasty
The Liao Dynasty (Chinese辽朝/辽朝, Pinyin Liao Chao ) was a dynasty in northern China 916-1125. , The ruling house and a portion of the subjects were members of the (proto - ) Mongolian people of the Kitan. The dynasty 's founder was Abaoji († 926 ).
History
916-960
After the end of the Tang dynasty ruled in northern China during the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, a power vacuum. Abaojis son Deguang ( 926-947 ) interfered in the internal disputes of the 936 Han Chinese, sat the General Shi Jingtang石敬瑭(† 942) as Emperor and claimed a " gratitude " large parts of the country ( Later Jin Dynasty, HOU Jin后晋: 936-947 ). Shi Jingtangs nephew and successor tried to free guardianship under the influence of a minister of Deguangs, but was defeated 946. The Kitan occupied its capital Kaifeng (then " Bianjing " was the name ) and brought him in to northeast China. Deguang but has failed to bring the looting under control and to appoint managers, so that made him a rebellion to repentance. On his return he died, while the Han Chinese proclaimed a new emperor ( 947).
This was followed in the territory of the Han Chinese, the short-lived Later Han Dynasty ( Hou Hàn后 汉: 947-950 ) and the Later Zhou Dynasty ( Hou Zhou后周: 951-960 ).
960-1125 contrast to the song
960 was the Kitan in the Song Dynasty, a worthy opponent, who also had his capital at Kaifeng as some of its predecessors. The Song Dynasty was trying to recapture 979 North China, but could not defeat the Khitan General Yelü Xiuge (耶律休哥, Yēlǜ Xiuge ) before Beijing. Also 986 remained Yelü Xiuge victorious.
Finally, the Liao emperor Yelü Longxu personally intervened to Kaifeng, forcing the Song Dynasty in 1004 at a tribute peace, which for a century had stock. During this time, the policy of the Khitan Empire, was directed against the Uyghur ( 1009), against Korea (1014 ), the Kara - Chaniden ( 1017 ) and the Tangut ( 1044 ). Finally, the Song China was in 1042 demanded tribute almost doubled. The diplomatic relations of the Liao Dynasty reached up to Baghdad, it was there a marriage.
At the beginning of the 12th century accelerated droughts and floods, internal strife and a defensive policy, the decline of the empire, which was eventually taken over by the first allied with the song Jurchen of the Jin Dynasty in 1125.