List of state leaders in 1912

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3.1 East, South and Southeast Asia
3.2 Middle East
3.3 Central Asia

Africa

Ethiopia Emperor Menelik II (1889-1913)

Liberia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Daniel E. Howard (January 1, 1912-1920 )

South Africa Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Viscount Herbert John Gladstone (1910-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Louis Botha (1910-1919)

America

North America

Canada Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General Prince Arthur (1911-1916)
Head of government: Prime Minister Robert Borden (1911-1920)

Mexico Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Madero (1911-1913)

Newfoundland Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Ralph Champneys Williams (1909-1913)
Head of government: Prime Minister Edward Patrick Morris (1909-1917)

United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President William Howard Taft (1909-1913)

Central America

Costa Rica Heads of state and head of government: President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (1910-1914)

Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Eladio Victoria ( 1911-28. November 1912 )
President Adolfo Alejandro Nouel (1 December 1912-1913 )

El Salvador Heads of State and Head of Government: President Manuel Enrique Araujo (1911-1913)

Guatemala Heads of state and head of government: President Jose Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920)

Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Cincinnatus Leconte ( 1911-8. August 1912 )
President Tancrède Auguste (8 August 1912-1913 )

Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) Francisco Bertrand ( 1911-1 February. , 1912 )
President Manuel Bonilla (1 February 1912 to 1913 )

Cuba Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Miguel Gómez (1909-1913)

Nicaragua Heads of State and Head of Government: President Adolfo Díaz (1911-1917)

Panama Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) Pablo Arosemena Alba ( 1910-1. October 1912 )
President Belisario Porras Barahona (October 1, 1912-1916 )

South America

Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Roque Sáenz Peña (1910-1914)

Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Heliodorus Villazón (1909-1913)

Brazil Heads of State and Head of Government: Field Marshal Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca (1910-1914)

Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President Ramón Barros Luco (1910-1915)

Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) Carlos uncovering Zaldumbide ( 1911-6. March 1912 )
(acting) Francisco Andrade Marín ( 6 March to 10 August 1912)
(acting) Alfredo Baquerizo ( 10 August-1 September 1912)
President Leonidas Plaza Gutierrez (1 September 1912-1916 )

Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Carlos Eugenio Restrepo (1910-1914)

Paraguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President Pedro Peña ( 1 January to 25 March 1912)
(provisional) Emiliano González Navero ( 25 March to 15 August 1912)
President Eduardo Schaerer (August 15, 1912-1916 )

Peru Heads of State and Head of Government: President Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo ( 1908-24. September 1912 )
President Guillermo Billinghurst (24 September 1912-1914 )

Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Batlle y Ordóñez (1911-1915)

Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: General Juan Vicente Gómez (1908-1914)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan Ruler: King Ugyen Wangchuk (1907-1926)

China Head of state: Emperor Pu Yi ( 1908-12 February. , 1912 )
(provisional) President Sun Yat-sen ( 12 February-10 March 1912)
President Yuan Shikai (March 10, 1912-1916 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Yuan Shikai ( 1911-10. March 1912 )
Cabinet Minister Tang Shaoyi ( 13 March-27 June 1912)
Cabinet President Lu Zhengxiang ( 29 June-25 September 1912)
Cabinet President Zhao Bingjun (September 25, 1912-1913 )

British India Kaiser: George V (1910-1936)
Viceroy Charles Hardinge (1910-1916)

Japan Head of state: Kaiser Mutsuhito ( 1852-30. June 1912 )
Emperor Yoshihito (June 30, 1912-1926 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Saionji Kimmochi ( 1911-21. December 1912 )
Prime Minister Katsura taro (21 December 1912-1913 )

Nepal Head of state: King Tribhuvan (1911-1955)
Head of government: Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1901-1929)

Siam (now Thailand) Ruler: King Vajiravudh (1910-1925)

Middle East

Persia (now Iran) Head of state: Ahmad Shah Qajar (1909-1925)
Head of government: Najaf Qoli Khan Prime Minister Samsam al - Saltaneh ( 1911-23. December 1912 )
Prime Minister Saad al Dowleh (23 December 1912-1913 )

Central Asia

Afghanistan Ruler: Emir Habibullah Khan (1901-1919)

Mongolia (disputed ) Head of state: Bogd Gegeen Dschebtsandampa (1911-1924)
Head of government: Prime Minister Sain Khan Nojon Shirindambyn Namnansiiren ( November 1912-1919 )

Australasia

Australia Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor General: Baron Thomas Denman (1911-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andrew Fisher (1910-1913)

New Zealand Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Governor: Baron John Poynder Dickson (1910-1912)
Earl Arthur Foljambe (1912-1917)
Head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Ward ( 1907-28. March 1912 )
Prime Minister Thomas Mackenzie ( 28 March to 10 July 1912)
Prime Minister William Massey (10 July 1912-1925 )

Europe

Albania Head of government: Prime Minister Ismail Qemali (1912-1913)

Andorra Co - Prince: President of France: Clément Armand Fallières (1906-1913)
Bishop of Urgell: Juan y Benlloch Vivó (1907-1919)

Belgium Head of state: King Albert I (1909-1934)
Head of government: Prime Minister Charles de Broqueville (1911-1918)

Bulgaria Head of State: Tsar Ferdinand I (1908-1918)
Head of government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Ivan Geschow (1911-1913)

Denmark Head of state: King Frederick VIII ( 1906-14. May 1912 )
King Christian X (May 14, 1912-1947 )
Head of government: President Klaus Berntsen (1910-1913)

German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II (1888-1918) Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Duke Frederick II (1904-1918) Minister of State Ernst von Laue (1910-1918)

Grand Duke Frederick II (1907-1918) Minister of State: Alexander of shower (1905-1917)

King Otto I. (1886-1913) Regent Prince Regent Luitpold (1886-1912)
Regent Prince Regent Ludwig (1912-1913) ( from 1913 king) Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Clemens Graf von Podewils - Dürniz (1903-1912)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers: Georg Freiherr von Hertling (1912-1917)

Regent: Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg (1907-1913)

Mayor: Victor William Marcus ( 1907) (1909 ) ( 1912)
Mayor: Karl FH City Countries (1912 ) ( 1914)

Reichsstatthalter: Prince Karl von Wedel (1907-1914) State Secretary of the Ministry of Alsace- Lorraine: Hugo Freiherr wrath of Bulach (1908-1914)

First Mayor: Johann Heinrich Burchard (1903 ) (1906 ) ( 1908-1909 ) ( 1912)
First Mayor: Carl August Schröder (1912-1913) (1916 )

Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig (1892-1918) President of Total Ministry: Christian Ewald (1906-1918)

Prince Leopold IV (1905-1918)

Mayor: Johann Hermann Eschenburg (1911-1912) (1915-1916)

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV (1897-1918)

Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich V (1904-1914)

Grand Duke Friedrich August II (1900-1918) Minister of State: Julius Friedrich Heinrich Ruhstrat (1908-1916)

King William II (1888-1918) Prime Minister: Theobald von Bethmann -Hollweg (1909-1917)

Prince Heinrich XXIV (1902-1918) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. (1908-1918)

Prince Heinrich XIV (1867-1913) Regent: Heinrich XXVII. (1908-1913)

King Friedrich August III. (1904-1918) Chairman of the Department: Victor Alexander von Otto (1910-1912)
Chairman of the Department: Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von Hausen (1912-1914)

Duke Ernst II (1908-1918)

Duke Carl Eduard (1900-1918)

Duke: George II (1866-1914)

Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst (1901-1918)

Prince Adolf II (1911-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1890-1918)

Prince Günther Victor (1909-1918)

Prince Friedrich (1893-1918)

King William II (1891-1918) President of the State Ministry: Karl von Weizsäcker (1906-1918)

France Head of state: President Armand Fallières (1906-1913)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Joseph Caillaux ( 1911-21. January 1912 )
President of the Ministerial Council Raymond Poincaré (21 January 1912-1913 )

Greece Head of state: King George I (1863-1913)
Head of government: Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos (1910-1915)

Italy Head of state: King Victor Emmanuel III. (1900-1946)
Head of government: President of the Council of Ministers Giovanni Giolitti (1911-1914)

Liechtenstein Ruler: Prince Johann II (1858-1929)

Luxembourg Head of state: Grand Duke William IV ( 1905-25 February. , 1912 )
Grand Duchess Maria- Adelheid (February 25, 1912-1919 )
Head of government: President of the Government Eyschen Paul (1888-1915)

Monaco Prince Albert I (1889-1922) Minister of State: flat Émile (1911-1917)

Montenegro Head of State: Prince Nikola (1860-1918)
Head of government: Prime Minister Lazar Tomanovic ( 1907-19. June 1912 )
Prime Minister Herzog employees Martinovic (19 June 1912-1913 )

Netherlands Head of state: Queen Wilhelmina (1890-1948)
Head of government: Prime Minister Theo Heemskerk (1908-1913)

Norway Head of state: King Haakon VII (1906-1957)
Head of government: Prime Minister Wollert Konow ( 1910-20 February. , 1912 )
Prime Minister Jens Bratlie ( February 20 1912 to 1913 )

Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) Ruler: Sultan Mehmed V (1909-1918)

Austria - Hungary Head of State: Emperor Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)
Head of government: Prime Minister Karl Stürgkh (1911-1916)

Portugal Head of state: (provisional) president Manuel José de Arriaga ( 1911-1915 )
Head of government: Prime Minister Augusto de Vasconcelos ( 1911-16. June 1912 )
Prime Minister Duarte Leite Pereira da Silva (June 16, 1912-1913 )

Romania Head of state: King Charles I (1881-1914)
Head of government: Prime Minister Petru Carp ( 1911-10. April 1912 )
Prime Minister Titu Maiorescu (April 10, 1912-1914 )

Russia Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917)

San Marino Captains Regent: Onofrio Fattori, Angelo Manzoni Borghesi ( 1911-1 April. , 1912 )
Gustavo Babboni, Francesco Pasquali ( 1 April to 1 October 1912)
Menetto Bonelli, Vincenzo Marcucci (October 1, 1912-1913 )

Sweden Head of state: King Gustav V (1907-1950)
Head of government: Prime Minister Karl Staaff (1911-1914)

Switzerland German President: Ludwig Forrer (1906, 1912)
Federal: Robert Comtesse ( to March 12 ), Adolf Deucher (until 10 June), Ludwig Forrer, Arthur Hoffmann, Giuseppe Motta, Eduard Müller, Louis Perrier (from March 12 ), Marc -Emile Ruchet, Edmund Schulthess (from 17 June)

Serbia Head of state: King Peter I (1903-1918)
Head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Milovan Milovanovic (1911-1912)
Prime Minister Marko Trifković (1912 )
Prime Minister Nikola Pašić (1912-1918)

Spain Head of state: King Alfonso XIII. (1886-1931)
Head of government: President of the Government José Méndez canalejas ( 1910-12. November 1912 )
(acting) Manuel García Prieto ( 12 November-14 November 1912)
Government President Álvaro Figueroa Torres (November 14, 1912-1913 )

United Kingdom Head of state: King George V (1910-1936)
Head of government: Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith Earl (1908-1916)

Menelik II. Daniel Edward Howard Hermes da Fonseca Druk Gyalpo British Raj Saionji Kinmochi Tribhuvan of Nepal Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool Albert I of Belgium Ferdinand I of Bulgaria Christian X of Denmark Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt Otto of Bavaria Regency Ludwig III of Bavaria Georg von Hertling Duchy of Brunswick Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg Bremen Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederick Augustus III of Saxony Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe George I of Greece Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Albert I, Prince of Monaco Nicholas I of Montenegro Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wollert Konow (Prime Minister of Norway) Petre P. Carp Arthur Hoffmann (politician) Marc-Émile Ruchet Peter I of Serbia

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