Masatoshi Koshiba
Masatoshi Koshiba (Japanese小 柴 昌 俊, Koshiba Masatoshi, born September 19, 1926 in Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan) is a Japanese physicist who in 2002 with the Nobel Prize in Physics " for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos " was excellent.
Life
Koshiba studied at the University of Tokyo. After graduating in 1951 he began in Tokyo with his doctorate and moved in 1953 to the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. In 1955 he received the Ph.D. for his work on ultra- high-energy phenomena of cosmic rays.
Koshiba was appointed in March 1970 as a professor at the University of Tokyo. After a semester at the University of Hamburg in 1987 he moved to the Tōkai University.
Work
Koshiba employed in the 1950s and 60s with the high-energy cosmic rays and triggered thereby interactions in the upper atmosphere. This led him in the 1970s to the muon and neutrino physics and particle physics for itself after a stake in JADE, a German -Japanese collaboration at DESY in Hamburg, he conceived the Kamiokande detector for the detection of postulated by some theories proton decay. Since this evidence has not been possible, he built the detector to a neutrino detector and in 1987 it was the first time demonstrate cosmic neutrinos: During the supernova 1987A were in the Kamiokande detector 12 neutrinos are detected, of which 9 are within the first 2 seconds. This was the first direct experimental confirmation of the theories about the processes in the collapse of a star, in particular the neutrino cooling.
In 2002 he was awarded, together with Raymond Davis Jr. with half of the Nobel Prize in physics, the other half went to Riccardo Giacconi.
Awards
- Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985
- Nishina Prize of the Nishina Foundation, 1987
- Asahi prize on behalf of the Kamioka Neutrino Observatory, 1987
- Appointment as Bunka Kōrōsha, the person with special cultural merit 1988
- Academy Award of the Japanese Academy of Sciences, 1989
- Bruno Rossi Prize of the American Physical Society, 1989
- Special Prize of the European Physical Society, 1996
- Humboldt Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt -Stiftung, 1997
- Fujiwara Prize of the Fujiwara Science Foundation, 1997
- Order of Culture by the Japanese government, 1997
- Diploma di Fisica Perfezionamento honoris causa in Normal from the Scuola Superiole, Pisa, 1999
- Doctor of Science honorary of the University of Hamburg, 1999
- Rochester 's Distinguished Scholar Award from the University of Rochester, 2000
- Wolf Prize by the Israeli Wolf Foundation President, 2000
- Panofsky Prize of the American Physical Society, 2002
- Nobel Prize in Physics, 2002
- Appointment as a member of the Japan Academy of Sciences, 2002
- Benjamin Franklin Medal in 2003