Pereslavl-Zalessky
Pereslawl- Salesski (Russian Переславль - Залесский, DIN transliteration Pereslavl' - Zalesskij ) is a Russian city with 41,925 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010 ) in the Yaroslavl Oblast. As one of the oldest and best preserved cities of central Russia it is part of the so called Golden ring of the historic cities northeast of Moscow.
Geography
Pereslawl- Salesski is located on the southeastern shore of Pleshcheyevo Lake, about 140 km north-east of Moscow and 124 km south-west of the regional center of Yaroslavl. The nearest towns are Alexandrov (37 km south of Pereslawl away), Strunino (42 km southwest) and Karabanowo (47 km south). Around 20 km south of the border is the Yaroslavl Oblast of Vladimir Oblast. Within Pereslawl- Salesski flows the river Trubesch in the Lake Pleshcheyevo.
History
The history of the city dates back to the year 1152, as here, a fortress was built by the Grand Prince Yury Dolgoruky, who had founded five years earlier also Moscow. The name was chosen Pereslawl of Kievan Rus, which was established in accordance with still 907 city Perejaslav, wherein the additive Salesski literally something like " beyond the forest " means and is reminiscent of the forest wealth of this area. Even the opening into the Pleshcheyevo Lake River Trubesch was named after the river that flows through the older and now belongs to the Ukraine Pereslawl.
According to the then newly established tradition the fortress city received a Kremlin, so a medieval Russian fortress with walls and towers. The mound and the Transfiguration of the 1150s - years represent today only the only remains of the fortified represents the Cathedral is one of the oldest Russian Orthodox sacred and is also thereby known that there at that time the most famous son of the city, Prince Alexander Nevsky, was baptized. From 1176 to 1302 Pereslawl- Salesski was the residence of their own princes. Under Yaroslav II Vsyevolodovitch ( 1212-38 ), father of the 1220 -born Pereslawl- Salesski Alexander Nevsky, comprised the dominions of Pereslawl- Salesski also Dmitrov and Tver and is thus one of the most important at the time principalities.
After the extinction of the dynasty in 1302, the princes of Moscow and Tver fought over the Principality. The Golden Horde was one of the area nominally to the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, with which it was in 1375 directly added to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In place henceforth ruled governor of the Grand Princes of Moscow. The city became an important trading place on the way from Moscow to Arkhangelsk. In the 14th and 15th century the city was several times targets of Tatars. In the 15th and 16th centuries Pereslawl- Salesski belonged to the hereditary dominions ( Votchina ) of the Grand Princes of Moscow and received a new attachment to this time. 1608, in the times of so-called Smuta, it was occupied by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. These attacks Pereslawl was devastated every time and then had to be rebuilt. It also more preserved until today church buildings, each of which each represents a different era emerged. Particularly strong, the city developed mid-16th century, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible gave plenty for the city.
1688-1693 taught here Tsar Peter the Great a school fleet at nearby Lake Pleshcheyevo and built a number of smaller warships, which is considered the founding event of the Russian Navy.
In 1708 the city became part of the government of Moscow, in 1778 it became the county seat of the government of Vladimir. In the 18th century, when the city's importance as a fortress was no longer present, the industry here began to develop with the appearance of the first textile factories. From this period a number of other to this day preserved historic buildings in the old town Pereslavl. Total played Pereslawl, also by its relatively secluded location - the road from Moscow to Yaroslavl was a little further out of town - a rather minor role in the industry, which also changed in the times of the Soviet Union little.
Demographics
Note: Census data
Attractions
Today Pereslawl- Salesski is mainly dominated by tourism city, which also forms part of the Golden Ring. The main attraction of the city are the remains of the former Kremlin, including the Transfiguration, for which was laid at the same time with the city's founding, the foundation stone in 1152. There is also in the city five Russian Orthodox monasteries: the Gorizki Monastery (founded around the beginning of the 14th century, dissolved 1788), Nikita Monastery ( founded before 1186, now again operated as a monastery ), the Nicholas Monastery ( founded in 1350, again operated as a convent since 1993), the Daniel - Trinity Monastery (founded in 1508, now again operated as a monastery ) and Fyodor Monastery ( founded in the 15th century). Other famous religious buildings in Pereslawl- Salesski are, inter alia, the Church of Metropolitan Peter (1585 ), the Smolensk Cornelius Church and the Alexander Nevsky Church.
Near the city is located, founded in 1803 Museum Botik Peter the First, where among other things the ship " Fortune " is issued, which is still Peter the Great comes out of time and has survived as the only the great fire of 1783. More recent interesting museums include the Railway Museum, founded in 1991 Pereslavl. A landmark on the entire old town of Pereslawl with historic merchants' houses, industrial buildings and also typical Russian wooden houses.
Economy and infrastructure
While the tourism dominates the economic life of the city, the industry plays a relatively minor role - call are a factory for photography accessories as well as several textile and food companies. Since 1993 Pereslawl also has its own university.
Pereslawl is located near the section of the highway M8, a part of the European Route 115, between Sergiev Posad and Rostov; one near the city branching off from their side road leads over Yuriev -Polsky to Vladimir. Until the 1990s along the lake shore was a narrow gauge railway in operation, which has since been dismantled and is now used only on a small section of the track as a museum Pereslavl Railway Museum. One of Berendejewo leading ( in Aleksandrov ) to Pereslawl broad gauge branch line of the Trans-Siberian railway is now used only for freight.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Prince Alexander Nevsky († 1263 ), a national hero and saint
- Dmitri Nikolayevich Kardowski (1866-1943), painter
Twinning
- Neckarbischofsheim, Germany
Gallery
The Epiphany ( Pereslawl- Salesski, 2009)
The Nikita Cathedral ( in Nikita Monastery )