Bad Berneck im Fichtelgebirge

Bad Berneck ( officially: Bad Berneck i.Fichtelgebirge ) is a city in the north of the Upper Franconian district of Bayreuth. Berneck is a spa town since 1857, first whey and health resort since 1930 and Kneipp Kneipp resort since 1950 cal spa.

2.1 prehistory
2.2 Middle Ages
2.3 Modern Times
2.4 presence
2.5 Amalgamations

3.1 City Council
3.2 twinning

6.1 Economics
6.2 traffic 6.2.1 private transport
6.2.2 Public Transport

7.1 Sons and daughters of the town
7.2 personalities who have lived and worked in Bad Berneck

Geography

Geographical Location

The city is located on the western edge of the Fichtelgebirge, surrounded by seven wooded mountains that protect it against harsh northerly and easterly winds, in the valley of Ölschnitz which opens below the old town in the White Main, in the transition to wide sweeping Kronachtal and the gently rolling Bayreuth hills. The Mainberg 624 m above sea level. NN and the Wolfsberg 598 m above sea level. NN are the highest elevations in the municipality.

Geology

Berneck located at the junction of two fault zones, the Franconian line and Bernecker disorder. This is where four very different geological formations to each other: The Frankish cuesta with sediments from the Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Münchberger mass, volcanic and sedimentary rocks from the Devonian of Berneck - Regnitzlosauer well, and the rocks of the Fichtelgebirge from the Ordovician.

The upcoming pillow basalts, also called diabase, are considered the most powerful volcanic layer from the Devonian in Germany. In the area of Münchberger mass is located in the municipality an inverse, a five-time nappe stack with metamorphic rocks in about three kilometers away, which lay deep in the development between 3 and 60 kilometers below the earth's surface.

Minted is Berneck by the V-shaped valleys of the upper White River Main and its tributaries. Due to the varied geology of gold, silver, copper, lead, iron and alum were promoted to the middle of the 19th century up to 40 smaller mines. The mine -resistant happiness was probably over 350 years in the Fichtelgebirge longest continuously operating. Today, in two large quarries gravel and other technical stones from diabase and phyllite are obtained.

Geotopes

Road cut Koenigsstuhl in Bad Berneck ( Geotop number 472A001 )
Sawmill profile Hohenknoden ( Geotop number 472A002 )
Former quarry Hohenknoden Duck Hill ( Geotop number 472A005 )
Rock basement bathroom Berneck ( Geotop number 472A018 )

Climate

Berneck is in transition from central mountain type to the continental type of climate zones. The sheltered location of the city mitigates climate extremes.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities (clockwise) are Gefrees city, town Goldkronach, Bindlach, Harsdorf, Himmelcron and Marktschorgast. The independent city of Bayreuth is located about 13 km from Bad Berneck.

Community structure

Berneck consists of 38 districts:

Bad Berneck
Bärnreuth
Birkenhof
Brand Leithen
Bruckmühle
Degmann
Doebitsch
Eichberg

Esch Erlich
Falk House
Föllmar
Föllmarsberg
Fornenmühle
Frankenhammer
Gesees

Goldmühl
Gothendorf
Heinersreuth
Hinterröhrenhof
Hohenknoden
Jägersruh
Julius Thal

Kolbenhof
Köslar
Coach brats
Main Leithen
Michelsdorf
Mooshof
Nenntmannsreuth
Neudorf

Neuhaus
Rimlas
Rödlasberg
Enamel
Steinbühl
Vorderröhrenhof
Warm Leithen
Wasserknoden

History

Prehistory

The history is hardly occupied in the city. Only in Neudorf / Nenntmannsreuth an ornate early - latènezeitlicher belt hook was found, which is located in the Berlin Museum of Prehistory and Early History.

Middle Ages

The origin of the settlement location and the high concentration of castles of Bad Berneck are understandable by its strategic location. Berneck was already in early times in a boundary layer in many different senses: politically at the Gaugrenze between Radenz and Nordgau, church on the diocese border between Regensburg and Würzburg, after the founding of the Diocese of Bamberg in 1007 at its border. Located on the Franconian line that separates the settlement favorable Obermainische break Scholl country by the High Fichtelgebirge, the local area for a long time was also the border of the Frankish settlement country. Berneck but was also due to be far too Carolingian times existing, significant imperial and commercial road via imperii that connected Rome with the Baltic Sea. Before the year 1000 the foundation of the present-day districts Gothendorf and Michel village is likely to be with the ending -dorf. Occupied by the Würzburg Altzehnt and thus also to be dated before 1000 are the districts Bärnreuth, Gesees and Binnig. The latter village was at the confluence of Ölschnitz and the White River Main. It can be assumed that the section fixing on the Hohenwarte secured the trade route via imperii.

The first rule of the carrier Walpoten be mentioned that probably the tower castle Alt- Berneck built in the early 11th century. At this castle belonged to a settlement that is recognizable ( located on the height above the tower castle against Bärnreuth ) through the hallway Alto - Berneck. Middle of the 12th century, the castle and estate of the original position at Bärnreuth moved to the confluence of the Ölschnitz with the Knodenbach, the present local situation of Berneck. On the small square above the town building site of this castle now stands, built in the late Middle Ages castle ruins Hohenberneck. After Walpotenburg mentioned predecessor to 1168 Ulrich II Walpoto named, this is also the first mention of Berneck. The second nomination was in 1177, when Ulrich who built illegally by him in the ecclesiastical Grundtripp had to take of the Bishop Otto II, a Andechs- Meranier to fief.

1203 named itself Ulrich III. the last Walpote to Berneck. Since 1248 another castle ( the Old Palace ) and the place in the estate of Andechs- Meranier was, must have taken place, both the transfer of ownership of the Walpoten to the Andechs- Meraniern and the castle building between these years. After long inheritance disputes, which were only ended by the 1260 Long townspeople contract, there is Berneck - Place and Castle - in the possession of the Counts of Orlamünde. The old Walpotenburg had been disposed of at that time.

By inheritance and purchase acquired in 1340 and 1341, the Viscount of Nuremberg, later Margrave, city and castle. Under these Berneck experienced another boom. The first evidence of city status is derived from the November 18, 1357, the city survey was conducted 1350-1357. In connection with the founding of the parish Berneck can be seen in 1365. At this pastorate the present districts Bärnreuth Michelsdorf, Hohenknoden, Rimlas and Heinersreuth were drawn. In place of St. Nicholas Chapel joined church. In 1375 Berneck burned down almost entirely, in 1431 it had to suffer the Hussiteneinfällen by Procopius Rasa and 1462 and 1467 under plague years.

Among the Margrave of Wallenrode a small rule could build. They are demonstrated in 1397 as an official men in the Old Palace. 1478 Veit was of Wallenrode with the castle stable of Walpotenburg fief under the condition where a new castle build. This castle, called Neuwallenrode, 1501 sold to the Marquis, which in turn enfeoffed those renamed in Hohenberneck and since 1553 of Wallenrode with this castle. At the same time the castle was built by Veit Wallenrode the fortified St. Mary's Chapel, according to the time, paid a vow in Jerusalem, Stations of the Cross led to the valley of the White River Main. That same year, in the iron Leite the mining of iron ore. 1495, the city had 204 inhabitants in 76 households. The Reformation was introduced in 1528.

Modern Times

During the Thirty Years' War burned the place down again in 1632. The same thing happened on May 13, 1692 only five houses and a mill were spared.

1724 were hanged and buried under the oak Gypsy 15 gypsy women. The men had fled. The survivors were driven across the border. The Gypsy Bridge in Blumenau reminded of this incident.

Margrave Georg Friedrich Carl was used in the 1732 Ölschnitz pearl oysters, probably bolster the public finances. In 1751, the city was in the fortunate position of their most prized possession, the seven mountains, available for purchase.

In the wars from 1796 to 1815 the small town had to repeatedly make military contributions and billeting endure. 1806 Blucher was staying in Berneck. Happiness is a hard He was held in honor in the iron mine miner and called this place Blücher rest. The former Office of the Prussian principality of Bayreuth since 1792 was from 1500 in the Frankish Empire circle. It was in the Peace of Tilsit in 1807 to France and came to Bavaria in 1810. In 1830 the first Kurbetrieb came on ( Molkenkur ). In Bavaria Berneck was initially the seat of a district court later a district office. The area of the district office was the neighboring district offices Bayreuth, Kulmbach and Munchberg affiliated. The majority of the office area fell to the district office in Bayreuth. On December 28, 1896, the railway line Neuer Markt - Berneck opened. At Whitsun 1986 sailed for the last time a unit train with several cars the route. Since 1928, the diabase volcanic rock is mined at Mount Zottasche and on sheep mountain. Every year, around 85,000 tons of the quarry, especially for road, railway and garden stones. On October 1, 1929, the district office Berneck was dissolved. In the 1930s, stayed for the festival in Bayreuth Adolf Hitler several times in the then fashionable hotel guy.

Presence

As a result of state centralization measures, the city lost several public institutions: In 1961, the county police station, the regional and district hospital and in 1969 the final authority of the former district Berneck, the district court dissolved.

The city was founded in 1973 under center. In October 1990, the first recycling center of the district of Bayreuth was opened in Berneck. On Easter Sunday In 1991, after months of restoration and renovation work on the house of God Church ring, a jewel of the Old Town, will be ordained again. In Blumenau from the Gypsy Bridge westward one of the largest habitats in Upper Franconia is created. On the former railway line from Röhrenhof after Bischofsgruen a hiking and biking trail has been established. In August 1998 opened 303 after the demolition of the old station building, the new cross-town B and inaugurated the Totally refurbished with 7.3 million Mark Sebastian -Kneipp- primary school in September 2001. In February 2007, a citizens' initiative for halting the traffic in heavy duty, founded in particular on the B303. In April 2008, the backdrop of the Rother Street served as the location for the filming of The Rose Mueller Perlmutterfarbe. Together Nordic Parc Fichtelgebirge seven Nordic walking routes have been designed and signposted in the area Berneck last year; over 150 signposts point the way.

Since 1930 Kneippkuren were carried out; recognition as Bad came on 30 November 1950. followed a heyday as a fashionable health resort, guests Kneipp and whey cures came up from the Arab countries. As a result of various health reforms and changes in travel behavior, the operation went off the end of the 80s back steadily, with the closure of the Siemens Kurheims 2004, there was finally no facility for inpatient treatments more, but were by the municipality with the therapy center and the local landlord first concepts implemented in order to make the city for outpatient guests and self-pay again an attractive destination.

Today Berneck specialized with its spa and health facilities to the area of prevention.

Incorporations

Policy

City council

The city council has 16 members. Distribution of seats (as of May 2008):

CSU 5
SPD 5
FWG 6

Mayor is Jürgen Zinnert (SPD ), Deputy Mayor Alexander Popp of the FWG.

Twinning

It is twinned with Habartov (Czech Republic)

Attractions

Ruins of the high medieval Old Palace ( 13th century).
Ruins of the late medieval castle ruins Hohenberneck and the Lady Chapel (14th century)
The early tower castle Alt- Berneck (11th century)
Dendrological garden in Rother park with trees from around the world
Marketplace with historic half-timbered houses from the 18th and 19th century
Park with colonnades ( 1900)
The romance stage at the castle tower.
Evangelical Church of the Most Holy Trinity. Neoclassical hall building (1796-1800), West Tower 16th century, Moses figure of Elias Räntz.

Culture

Franconian Summer Theatre: theater, chansons, cabaret, literature and another in the summer months at different venues
KuKuK: Art and Culture in the old nursery. Changing events with a focus on Customs in the Fichtelgebirge.
Art Street: In the summer months changing exhibitions in the windows of the city
Pretzels weeks: From mid-January to early March, there are alternate hosts for the six pretzels Franconian specialties and international exotic dishes.

Stadel Kerwa Rimlas
Western hard Esch Erlich
Summer Night Party
Castle Festival

Economy and infrastructure

Economy

The largest employer in the city are the Frenzelit North America with approximately 450 employees worldwide. The company is owned by the Wagner family and produces sealing materials, technical textiles and compensators. The second largest employer is the Reitz Group has approximately 200 employees in Berneck ( about 500 employees total). The Reitz Group with its brands Popp, düwi Schwaiger and manufactures electric products. The Reitz- group presented on 18 February 2009 bankruptcy. Important economic factor is the walking and health tourism. An extensive network of hiking and cycling network with connection to supra-regional routes such as the Frankish mountain path, the Burgenweg, the Main and the Saale Cycle Route is the basis for a gentle walking holidays.

Traffic

Private transport

Berneck located at the junction of highways 2 (Hof - Bayreuth ) and 303 ( Kronach - Eger). About the connection Berneck / Himmelcron (distance 5 km) Berneck is connected to the motorway network connected ( federal highways 9 and 70).

Public transportation

The city is involved in the transport network of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region. The Central bus station is located at the intersection of highways B 2 and B 303 The passenger of the leading through the village railway New Market Wirsberg Bishop Green was set in 1974, freight traffic ended in 1992. The nearest train stations are in Marktschorgast, New Market and Bayreuth.

Education

In Bad Berneck are the Sebastian -Kneipp- primary school (elementary and middle school ), which for the third time in a row ( 2010/11/12 ) has been honored for its commitment to environmental education, entitled "Environmental School in Europe". Furthermore, there is a folk high school, two kindergartens, a crèche and a nursery. The Kneipp and health house as a member of the Federal Kneipp offers training for Kneipp health consultant.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the town

John of Wallenrode (1370-1419), Archbishop of Riga, Bishop of Liege, German diplomat and Royal Order of Council
Köberle Adolf (1898-1990), German Protestant theologian
Carl Heidenreich (1901-1964), German -American painter
Simon Nüssel (* 1924), German politician (CSU and Bavaria Party), Bavarian State Minister
Carl Carpenter (1926-2001), German political and social scientist, economist and entrepreneur
Hermann Kleinknecht ( * 1943 ) is a German artist, sculptor, installation artist, painter, photographer and filmmaker.
Manfred Nüssel (* 1948), CSU politician and President of the German Raiffeisen Association
Sepp Buchegger (* 1948), German cartoonist

Personalities who have lived and worked in Bad Berneck

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), Oberbergrat in the mining office Goldkronach 1793-1796, lived in Goldmühl
Ulrike Meinhof (1934-1976) lived from 1945 to 1946 together with her mother Ingeborg Meinhof and Renate Riemeck in Bad Berneck

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