Calvià

Calvià is a municipality on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca.

• 3.1 Prehistoric Time
• 3.2 Time of the Romans
• 3.3 Middle Ages
• 3.4 The modern era
• 3.5 Contemporary era
• 3.6 The boom of tourism
• 3.7 Archaeological finds

• 6.1 Renovations and measures

• 7.1 beaches
• 7.2 walks
• 7.3 Sports
• 7.4 marinas

Location

The municipality of Calvià is located in the west of the island of Mallorca, in the region of Pariatge. It is bordered to the north by Estellencs and Puigpunyent, to the east of Palma, on the west by Andratx in the south to the Mediterranean.

A number of places and housing developments are part of the municipality of Calvià. These use the same quality seal and have the same identifying characteristics, although each of these places has peculiarities that characterize him: Cas Català - Illetas, Bendinat - Portals Nous, Magaluf, Palma Nova, Santa Ponsa, Peguera, Calvià Vila and it Capdellà.

The community has a 54-kilometer stretch of coastline and a wooded area inside. Here shines 300 days of sunshine a year.

The area around Calvià, is protected from the northern winds by the Tramuntana mountains and beautiful forests that can be walked throughout the year. On the rocky shores grow various native plant species, such as the Aleppo pine. On the Banc d' Eivissa and the Illot del Toro there is a particular species of lizard that exist only in the Balearic Islands.

Statistics

The municipality of Calvià has an area of ​​144.97 km ² and 52,272 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2013) compared with 28.748 inhabitants ( 1996). This corresponds to a population density of 361 persons per km ². Thus Calvià Manacor has overhauled and is now the second largest municipality on the island. In 2006, the proportion of foreigners was 29.4 % ( 13,312 ), the proportion of German population 6.7% ( 3,031 ). At this community includes over ten mountains, the Puig de GALATZO with 1027 m is the highest and the Puig d'en Zaragoza with the lowest 187 m.

1991 were 43.87 % of the population Mallorcan, 44.42 % came from other Spanish provinces and 11.45 % were foreigners. By 1960, this church had only about 3,000 inhabitants. From this point on, the inhabitants since the 1970s grew slowly at first but steeply.

Places in the municipality

The municipality of Calvià include the following locations:

• Badia de Palma ( 754/754 inhabitants)
• Calvia (2160/2434 inhabitants)
• Cas Català - Ses Illetas (3533/3533 inhabitants)
• Castell de Bendinat ( 521/521 inhabitants)
• Costa d'en Blanes (2094/2094 inhabitants)
• El Toro (2321/2321 inhabitants)
• It Capdellà (941/1012 inhabitants)
• GALATZO (1567/1598 inhabitants)
• Magaluf (4183/4192 inhabitants)
• Palma Nova (6894/6906 inhabitants)
• Peguera (3988/3988 inhabitants)
• Portals Nous (2650/2650 inhabitants)
• Portals Vells ( 32/32 people)
• Santa Ponsa ( 10736/10736 inhabitants)
• Sa Porrassa ( 128/128 inhabitants)
• Sol de Mallorca ( 589/589 inhabitants)
• Son Ferrer (5665/5666 inhabitants)

The inhabitants numbers in parentheses are from 1 January 2008. The first number indicates the inhabitants of the built-up areas where the second number the inhabitants of places including the addition to computing " scattered " population living outside the actual settlements. (Source: INE )

Education

Had a proportion of the population (1996 ) no education (128 inhabitants), most residents had a primary school degree ( ETUC, 8 years) ( 6631 inhabitants) or high school ( BUP, 12 years ) ( 4641 persons) and only (775 persons ) had a university degree.

History

The origin of the name Calvià is not clear. There are indications that the name comes from the Latin " caluus calb " because it is a very dry area, which has hardly vegetation. Another theory is that the name comes from the Roman, the exact origin is uncertain. In the 12th century Calvià to a municipality with the original name of the Holy Ihoannes Caviano was. Since St. John was worshiped here, comes on the coat of arms of the municipality before a lamb. But the latter is only a guess.

The municipality of Calvià, along with Palma, were the two priorities for the conquest of Mallorca in 1229 by King James I, who went ashore in front of Santa Ponsa. In memory of this event, a cross was erected on the site where the monarch has touched the ground first.

Prehistoric time

The first traces of human civilization in Calvià lead in the year 2000 BC. There were mostly ranchers, the coming of the most important culture of the Balearic Islands, further developed: the Talayotic which were in turn heavily influenced by the various dealer peoples of the Mediterranean.

Time of the Romans

From this era, from 123 BC to 425 AD. lasted, one should emphasize particularly the Roman city of Sa Mesquida, which is one of the few Roman finds in Mallorca. 425 eliminated the Germanic Vandals, the Roman rule. Mallorca was section of the park in North Africa Vandal kingdom.

Middle Ages

534 conquered the Byzantine general Belisarius the island. Mallorca was part of the Eastern Roman Empire. During the Islamic expansion, the island 707 went to the Arabs whose culture has left its mark on Mallorca. The municipality of Calvià was part of the administrative area of Juz'd'Ahwaz al - Madina. Since the year 903, Majorca was conquered first by the North African Almoravids and later the Almohads, and thus part of Taifen kingdom.

But it was James I and his conquest, had the strongest influence on the Majorcan culture. This Catalan- Aragonese king landed on September 10, 1229 in Santa Ponsa and transferred according to official writings, such as the " Llibre del Repartiment ," the Bishop of Barcelona Berenguer de Palou possession of the municipality of Calvià and all neighboring communities. So this zone remained in the possession of the kingdom and the church, and this situation caused some tension. The problem was solved by the formula of " Pariatge ". Emerged during this period and grew the cities of Calvià and Capdellà.

The town of Calvià was as such in 1285, the reign of Jaume II, son of James I founded while. James I brought the Christian faith back to Mallorca.

Since the island was plagued by numerous North African pirates in the Middle Ages, the construction of a defense system was required, which was based on the construction of many towers. In the 16th century, a plan was worked out by J. Binimelis who had to review the locations of already established towers and the establishment of new sites to the target. From a total of 14 towers on the territory of the municipalities Calvià and Andratx are still 12 available.

The modern era

In the 16th century Calvià was finally freed from the bubonic plague, which was responsible for the death of many people at this time. Beginning of the eighteenth century there were in this zone a drought period and thus a hard famine. In 1715 Mallorca was ruled by King Philip V, who promoted the Kastellanisierung the island by decree ( Nova Planta ) and using the upper layers.

Contemporary age

Driven by hunger and chronic poverty, many residents Calvià had to emigrate in the nineteenth century to Algeria, Cuba, Argentina and France.

The labor movement has always played an important role in the political life of Calvià. Proof of this is the creation of the labor movement Calvià in 1923, which belonged to the workers' union. Later, two other organizations were founded: Agricultural trade union Calvià and the Fraternal Workers' Union. Political events during the second republic characterized by socialist thought. This influence should last for many years.

The boom of tourism

With the appearance of tourism in the early sixties, advanced agriculture in the background, and Calvià became one of the leading communities in the area. The congregation grew dynamically with the help of European investments.

The growth of tourism but has simultaneously brought a rapid development of the construction and services sector with it. This has a positive effect on the creation of many jobs and the influx of migrants / in from the mainland.

Archaeological finds

The archaeological finds of the municipality of Calvià are among the most numerous and best cataloged the island. Calvià has one of the most valuable archaeological remains, both in the nature of the finds, as well as in the quality of the excavated material. Thanks to these discoveries, it was a big part of the history of Santa Ponsa be traced. This allowed the establishment of a protected archaeological zone are set in motion and the early creation of an archaeological park: The park of Puig de sa Morisca.

The most important archeological finds are:

• Naveta Alemany
• Puig de Sa Morisca ( Talaiòtisches age )
• Turo de Ses Abelles (end of talayotic age )
• Sa Mesquida ( Roman era )

Climate

In Calvià the year be registered via precipitation. The driest month is July with an average of 7.8 l / m². The highest rainfall recorded in December to 81.1 l / m². The highest rainfall was recorded on November 8, 1950, the day fell to 150 l / m².

Its pleasant and stable climate has an average temperature of 27 ° C in summer and 14 ° C in winter. At an average of 300 days a year the sun shines on approximately 145 km ² and 54 km of coastal length.

Flora and Fauna

From the biodiversity of its flora stand out in particular the so-called " esclata -sang " ( a kind of highly esteemed, edible mushrooms ), the orchids and the beach thistles ( cardo de playa) out. There are also some endemic species, such as the so-called " Saladina " in Magaluf, or the white primroses ( Primaveras blancas ), which grow near the summit of Galatzó. The Aleppo pine, carob, almond tree, the olive tree, or the fig tree are some of the most widespread tree species in the municipality of Calvià. In addition, there are a number of aromatic plants such as rosemary, thyme and other protected species, such as the dwarf palm, the myrtle or the juniper.

In terms of fauna in the municipality of Calvià is particularly noteworthy that the area between Cala Figuera, Refeubetx, El Toro and the archipelago Malgrats, due to its crucial importance recognized as a nesting and as a nursery area for various interesting species of seabirds, at the international level and an " area of special interest to the bird fauna " ( Zona de Especial para la avifauna Interès - ZEPA ) was declared.

The coast of Calvia is one of the most indented coast areas of Mallorca and consists of a number of headlands, bays, headlands and small bays. And towards the coast, the sea scenery such as is peppered with numerous islands and rock formations, the islands of El Toro, El Sec, Sa Porrassa, el d' s sales, which make up the archipelago Illetas, or the islands d' Estenedor or Sat Caleta.

Economy and Tourism

The economic basis of Calvià is mainly based on tourism. More than 1.4 million tourists visit each year Calvià. In the municipality of Calvià there are 267 companies that belong to the tourism industry and a total of 123 982 hotel beds (as of 2005) have in their homes. They are divided as follows:

• 44,000 in hotels
• 16,000 in apartments
• 60,000 tourist residences

This additional offer is enumerated as follows:

• 585 pubs and bars
• 386 restaurants
• 1,145 shops
• 497 other services
• 61 industrial enterprises

Renovations and measures

• Redevelopment plans

The rehabilitation and the interruption of the buildings in the tourist centers of Calvià is one of the most ambitious initiatives under Agenda Local 21 The aim of the recovery plans is the cityscape in the tourist center of the municipality of Calvia, which and the times of the beginning of mass tourism on beaches emerged along beaches to rehabilitate.

By blowing up or demolition of tourist facilities to be eliminated in the first line of the sea that are environmentally or economically harmful, or interfere with the overall picture of the shore or beach -sensitive.

• Measures

Since 1993, more than 30 measures have been taken such as the demolition of buildings or the purchase of land by the municipality, the more to prevent the development.

Thus, buildings were demolished in an area of ​​over 13,500 m² and 50,788 m² bought on land.

The subsequent use of the land is different. The biggest part was to parking lots, green zone or part of the existing Paseo Marítimo.

• Demolition of the hotel Atlantic

The Atlantic hotel in Magaluf was demolished in 1996. This resulted in first line a free space as a green zone.

• Demolition of the hotels Mimosa

Due to the demolition of the hotel Mimosa Peguera in March 2002, a green strip of 1200 m² was obtained. This hotel, which was built in the 1950s, was an example of the typical architecture from the period of unbridled tourism growth. It had a capacity of 30 beds, was never put into operation. The municipality of Calvià it at an auction in 2000 for 60 million Pts. acquired.

• Demolition of the Monte Carlo Bar

On 2 February 2001, the kiosk bar Monte Carlo was demolished in Santa Ponsa. This allowed the streets of calle Ramón de Montcada be substantially improved.

• Purchase of three plots of land in Santa Ponsa

In October 2001, the municipality of Calvià acquired three plots in first sea line in Santa Ponsa Nova. This area is 4,595 square meters and there is a view point is set to the Malgrat Islands.

Total: area of the demolished buildings: 13559.14 m² area of land: 25716.39 sqm

• Purchase of building land, to prevent the development

Total: 50,788 m² have been taken out of the building.

Attractions

In the municipality of Calvià you will find a large number of old mansions, of very high cultural value, and which have a long tradition in this part of the island. One can find many of these large villas in Santa Ponsa rusticas, Bendinat, Son Roig, Galatzó, etc. Also you can along the coast many of the old watchtowers admire that served as protection against pirates. Of the places Calvià himself had emphasized the highlight of the monumental church of Sant Joan Baptista. From the highest mountain in the area, the Galatzó ( 1026 meters), you can see the entire area around Calvià. This wonderful view is only partially interrupted by the second highest mountain in the area, the Esclop. From here you can also look at the Mediterranean and the numerous rocky shores and small valleys of the community.

Beaches

Beaches and bays ( platges i Cales ), located in the municipality of Calvià Casino de Palma, Illetas, Cala Contesa, Portals Nous, Oratory of portal, Son Caliu, Palma Nova ( Morocco ), Palma Nova, Son Matias ( Cala Blanca), Magaluf, Cala Vinas, Cala Falco, Cala Dona Belle, Portals Vells, Cala Penyes Roges, Calo d'en Pellicer, Santa Ponsa, Cala Blanca, Peguera - Romana, Peguera - Torah, Peguera - Palmira, Cala Fornells, Tropicana Cala, Cala Murada and Cala Moreia. Numerous sections were thanks to their quality of EU awarded the eco-label Blue Flag.

Hiking

Amidst this natural landscapes, there are more than 100 kilometers of country roads, for example, of Son Font to Son Sastre; the coastal path between La Romana ( Peguera ) and Santa Ponsa; Pedreres de Ses Vinas - Son Bugadelles - Son Pillo; Puig de na Morisca - minor Nou; Puig de Zaragoza - Sa Vall Verda - Na Barratxeta; Refeubetx - Ses Barraques - Torà.

With its unmistakable silhouette of this mountain towers over the mountain range of Serra de na Burguesa. The vegetation of the mountain consists, in addition to a significant number of Aleppo pine, from the typical Mediterranean vegetation of the so-called garriga. In its foothills, there are about fifteen sources.

Sports

Calvià has a large number of public and private sports facilities (swimming pools, golf courses, marinas and sailing clubs, tennis courts, equestrian facilities, fitness center, soccer fields, etc. )

Calvià also offers one of the most interesting underwater landscapes on the island of Mallorca.

Throughout the year, are organized in Calvià national and international sporting events: golf tournaments, the International Marathon of Calvià, sailing races and bike races.

Marinas

• Club Nautico Palma Nova Marina with 72 berths.
• Location:
• Width: 39 º 31'00 '' N
• Length: 02 ° 32'00 '' E

• Puerto Portals Marina with 670 berths.
• Location:
• Width: 39 º 32'00 '' N
• Length: 02 ° 35'00 '' E

• Puerto Deportivo Port Adriano Marina with 404 berths.
• Location:
• Width: 39 º 26'06 '' N
• Length: 02 ° 28'03 '' E

• Club Náutico Santa Ponsa Marina with 522 berths.
• Location:
• Width: 39 º 30'00 '' N
• Length: 02 ° 28'00 '' E

• Embarcadero Deportivo Sol de Mallorca Marina with 70 berths.

Festivals

Like all older traditional communities Calvià celebrates its traditional festivals and customs. Most of these celebrations have a historical or Christian background. It emerged yet in recent years festivals and customs with labeled recreational nature, which serve to strengthen relations between the local population and foreign visitors. These celebrations shall also be consistent with the different seasons.

• Epiphany

The Epiphany is the most anticipated of the children hard. The procession of the Magi consists of many different bodies and the numerous Christmas characters. The kings go bring by the municipality of Calvià about joy and gifts.

• Alimara ( feasts of Saint Anthony and Sebastian )

On Saint Anthony and Sebastian, 17 and 20 January, be made anywhere in Mallorca campfire. For a few years this custom has been recovered in Calvià. Next to the church of Calvià Vila to kindle the Alimara, the largest fire on which the devil is burned; around makes you small campfire on which the neighbors botifarrones and sobrassada grill ( Majorcan sausage specialties). These recovered tradition is celebrated continuously since 1952, the year in which the plague is not the population of Calvià infested, it is believed, thanks to the Saint Sebastian.

• Carnestoltes

A few days before Easter, they celebrate Carnival in the settlements of Calvià. There are costume contests, a carnival for the kids and one for adults. There is a good reason to contact with neighbors and friends at home, in a humorous environment. Winners of the competition receive a significant premium.

• Bread gift and Engelssontag ( s Pà Caritat y Diumenge de l'Angel )

After the Easter celebrations, the municipalities organize small trips, attended by many of the neighbors. On this day all the leftover Easter dishes such Panades (dumplings ), Robiols ( sweet biscuits), or Crespels be fraternally shared. You spend the day together, with fun and joy.

• Spring Festival

This festival takes place in the town hall of the town of Calvia before the start of the high season and at the end of the training courses. On this day, the town hall of the students is decorated with numerous flowers to mark the beginning of spring, or the summer, ie the high season to celebrate.

• Saint Joan (Sant Joan )

San Joan Baptista is the chief saint of the church, and therefore this day is a major holiday in Calvià. In the town of Calvià but especially the older citizens will be honored: it takes place a fair, there are regional dances and all citizens over 70 are invited to an almond pastries ( ensaimada ). This festival is celebrated since the fifties.

• Saint Jaume (Sant Jaume )

The Festival of Sant Jaume takes place on July 25, and is the largest of the town of Calvia. During the whole week, the whole attention of the town centered on the success of this ceremony and on the organization of various activities and events. The only goal is to have fun and to promote the integration of the village. There are many activities for children, but also for adults organized: culture, sports, and game shows, as well as religious acts.

• King James ( Rei en Jaume )

This important festival is celebrated since 1929, the year of the 700th anniversary.

• Summer festivals

During the summer neighborhood festivals are organized with the support of the city administration anywhere in the municipality of Calvià. They are used to the neighbors know each other better and to promote the participation of the various institutions of the community.

Market

• Weekly market on Mondays, on Carrer de Montcada Germans