Canadian Space Agency

The Canadian Space Agency (CSA ) and Agence canadienne spatial (French ASC) is the Canadian Space Agency. It was founded in March 1989. The CSA / ASC in 2012 had about 670 employees, who are predominantly employed in Longueuil at the headquarters of John H. Chapman Space Centre. Due to the various projects and future missions, a mission control center was set up at the headquarters in 2004. The budget of the Authority was approximately 424.6 million Canadian dollars in 2011. The CSA sees itself as a leading institution in the development and application of space knowledge relevant for the Canadian population as well as of humanity.

"To promote the peaceful use and development of space, to advance the knowledge of space through science and to Ensure did space science and technology Provide social and economic benefits for Canadians. "

"In order to promote the peaceful use and development of space, to advance the knowledge of space through science and to ensure that space science and technology social and economic benefits for Canadians bring. "

Since August 6, 2013 Walt Natynczyk is the President of the Canadian Space Academy. The Canadian Space Agency is a full member of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems ( CCSDS ) and the Inter -Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee ( IADC ).

• 6.1 investments in international projects

History

1839-1883

Built in 1839, the English astronomer Sir Edward Sabine at the University of Toronto, the Toronto Magnetic Observatory and Meteorological Observatory, Canada's first facility of its kind with the observatory wanted to explore the theories of Edmund Halley 1716 Sabine whether auroras actually just about the magnetic fields form earth. At the University of the Meteorological Institute Meteorological Service of Canada was founded at the University of Toronto in the same year. 1882-1883 the first International Polar Year was held, were carried out in the various measurements and research.

1900-1960

1916 - during the First World War - the Canadian government decided the merging of several research institutions. It followed the formation of the Committee Honorary Advisory Council on Scientific and Industrial Research. For this, the government agency National Research Council of Canada ( NRCC ), which was established on 19 June 1925 onwards. The Canadian Space was much of the space scientists John Herbert Chapman (1921-1979) influenced. 1932-1933 the Second International Polar Year was held. A continuation of this was from 1957 to 1958 was the International Geophysical Year, when the solar activity was very high. At the same time the rocket launch site Churchill Research Range in Manitoba was built in cooperation with the Americans, were launched from the to 1989 some 3,500 smaller rockets for studies of the Earth's atmosphere. When the Soviets launched their Sputnik satellite, the signals were from the military- civilian research institute Defence Research Telecommunications Establishment, which was led by Chapman recorded. On November 8, 1958 Nike Cajun, was the first sounding rocket, launched which explored the atmosphere with Canadian instruments. 1959, the U.S. space agency NASA was commissioned to build the first Canadian satellite Alouette 1.

1960-1980

With the launch of Alouette 1 in 1962 Canada ushered in its space program. The satellite was sent into space by the forerunner of today's Canadian Space Agency. The program was scheduled for a year, but was extended to ten years due to the positive development. This success was followed by a program that should be explored by satellite with the ionosphere using. Since Canada did not had its own missile launch sites, the satellite by NASA from the military airfield Vandenberg Air Force Base in California were brought into the orbit of the Earth. 1972 Anik A1 was launched, which was the first geostationary communications satellite in Canada and was operated by the Canadian company Telesat Canada. In 1973, the second telecommunications satellite Anik A2. The satellite was wearing telephone, television and radio signals and supplied the north of Canada. 1974 commissioned by NASA, the Canadian Space Agency with the construction of the said as Canadarm Shuttle Remote Manipulator System ( SRMS ), a robot arm for space shuttles as the Space Shuttle. On 3 May 1975, the communications satellite Anik A3 was launched on a Delta rocket. For research purposes, Hermes Communications Technology Satellite 1976 was used. On 24 January 1978, the Soviet ocean altimetry satellite Cosmos 954 crashed in the Northwest Territories from. On December 15, 1978 Canada's fourth communications satellite Anik B was started. On 1 January 1979, the then- Canadian and European space agencies agreed to work together for five years. In the same year, the company Inmarsat (International Organization for Satellite Communications ) was founded to at sea by means of mobile reinforce the security in satellites. In 1980, the Canadian Space Agency with the European Olympus program. The Canadian Space Agency was involved in 11% of the mission and provided solar panels and other components. Furthermore, the 1 billion dollar satellite in David Florida Laboratory was tested for suitability for space. In the same year was founded with other G7 countries, the international commission IEEE Committee on Earth Observation.

1981-1999

On November 13, 1981, the new Canadarm on the Space Shuttle Columbia was launched into space. 1982, the communications satellite Anik D1 was launched on a Delta rocket. On September 29, 1982, the Canadian astronaut program started by NASA astronauts Canadian invited to Mitflug. On 22 June was first time in 1983 with the Canadarm a satellite from the Space Shuttle exposed. On 16 April 1985, the U.S. and the Canadian Space Agency agreed to build a space station. 1986 Canada has been fully integrated in the construction of the International Space Station. On January 30, 1989 Black Brant was launched 10, a three-stage sounding rocket, which was built by Bristol Aerospace for a 15-minute suborbital flight research. On 1 March 1989, the present-day Canadian Space Agency Canadian Space Agency was established. On 31 March 1989, the cooperation agreements between the CSA and the European Union have been extended for another ten years. On 12 July 1989, the CSA was involved in the European research and communications satellites Olympus. On January 26, 1990 tenders were awarded in a volume of 146 million Can $ at SPAR Aerospace, which was contracted to build the RADARSAT satellite. The CSA is involved in the U.S. FUSE Space Telescope ultraviolet astronomy and invested $ 15 million for optical subsystems. Another contract for the construction of Radarsat satellite was followed on 22 June 1991 an amount of 230 million Can $. On September 26, the communications satellite Anik E1 started. On 4 November 1995, the first Canadian Earth observation satellite, Radarsat -1 was launched into space and took on its operations. On 10 July 1996, signed in Ottawa Minister of Industry of Canada John Manley and the European Space Agency ( ESA) Director General Jean -Marie Luton two cooperation agreements for the General Support Technology Programme ( GSTP ) and the Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems Programme ( ARTES ). On October 15, 1996, an agreement between the Canadian CSA and the Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO ) was signed. On 12 March 1999, the newly developed 17 -meter-long Canadarm2 for the International Space Station was completed and handed over to the CSA. Two months later it was shipped and transported to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. There were carried out the exercise test. The Canadarm2 was launched in April 2001 with the mission STS -100.

2000-2010

On February 26, 2000, a four-stage Black Brant 12 rocket is launched with research instruments from NASA rocket launch site in Fairbanks, Alaska. At 14-17. May 2000 its eighth Canadian Microgravity Conference held in Vancouver. On 20 October 2000, the space agency joins in the international joint project of the European Space Agency and the French Space Agency ( CNES ) in " Space and Major Disasters". On November 30, the third space missions by Marc Garneau. On 8 March 2001, the first Canadian research project will be conducted aboard the STS- 102 with the name H- reflex. On 1 March 2002 the Envisat satellite launches. This project eighteen other countries participate in addition to the Canadian Space Agency. On 5 June 2002, the Mobile Base System is started for the International Space Station aboard the space shuttle Endeavour. Start On 16 January 2003 two Canadian research projects aboard the STS-107 mission under the name of Osteo -2. On 30 June 2003 launched the first Canadian space telescope MOST. On August 12, the research satellite SciSat followed 1 On 8 October 2003, the participation in the European Galileo program will be announced. On 26 September 2005, the participation in the James Webb telescope will be announced. On September 9, 2005 Steve MacLean starts with the mission STS- 115th On August 4, 2007, NASA 's Phoenix Mars Lander will start. The Canadian Space Agency takes part in the mission and provides the meteorological instruments. On August 8, Dave Williams starts with the mission STS -118 to the International Space Station. On 14 December 2007, the Canadian Radarsat -2 Earth observation satellite is placed in orbit.

Locations

The headquarters of John H. Chapman Space Centre is located in Longueuil, a suburb of Montreal. Another site of the Canadian Space Agency is located in Shirley's Bay in Ottawa. There is since 1972 the David Florida Laboratory ( DFL). At this location, satellites and missiles and components are designed and subjected to various stress tests in order to check on the suitability for space. The building was named after the Canadian Space researcher David Florida, who died in 1971. Another site is located in Saskatoon, there is the largest research facility and a satellite radio station. In Timmins, the Timmins Stratospheric Balloon Base is located. In addition, the CSA operates a missile launch site for suborbital flights at Fort Churchill. In addition to these locations maintains the Canadian Space Agency smaller offices in Washington, DC, in Houston, at Kennedy Space Center as well as in Paris.

The Canadian Space Agency uses the rocket launch sites of its partners. This includes the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Vandenberg Air Force Base in Cape Canaveral, as well as in the U.S., that the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia and Yoshinobu Launch Complex in Japan.

President of the Canadian Space Agency

Cooperations

The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) cooperates with various space agencies such as NASA, ESA, JAXA, ISRO closely. On 1 January 1979, the CSA received a special status in the ESA as a cooperating non-European organization, which made it possible to integrate scientific equipment from Canadian development in European spacecraft. In 2009, 30 Canadian specialists were permanently employed at ESA.

Space flights of CSA astronaut

Canadian satellite

The following satellites were / are used in the orbit of the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA):

In addition to these satellites are used more satellites are in orbit. The Canadian telecommunications company Telesat Canada, for example, operates a total of 13 satellites in Earth orbit. More Canadian satellite operated by the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies and the DND.

Investments in international projects

The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) is cooperating in various fields with other space agencies. The Canadians deliver high-tech (scientific ) instruments and components which applied in international space projects. Furthermore, Canadians are involved in the operation of the International Space Station. The largest contribution is the gripping arm Space Station Remote Manipulator System, also known as Canadarm2 and the communication subsystems of the International Space Station (ISS).

The following observation satellites were equipped with Canadian instruments ( excerpt):

• CloudSat (NASA),
• TERRA (NASA),
• Envisat ( ESA),
• SMOS ( ESA),
• Odin (Sweden).

More space vehicles that are intended specifically of space exploration, have Canadian instruments on board:

• Herschel ( ESA),
• Planck ( ESA),
• Interball 2 ( FSA / Roskosmos )
• Proba -2 ( ESA),
• SMOS ( ESA),
• FUSE (NASA),
• THEMIS (NASA),
• AKEBONO ( JAXA )
• Nozomi ( JAXA ),
• Mars Science Laboratory ( NASA)

Research Missions

The space agency leads in research missions in the field of natural sciences, as well as the new technologies. These are part carried out by its own astronauts, as well as by the American astronauts, if not a Canadian Astronaut participates in the mission. Research missions in scientific and technological fields are in Canadian universities and government research institutes such as the National Research Council of Canada as well as for military research facilities to the Defence Research and Development Canada and private aviation and aerospace companies such as, inter alia, MDA Space Missions carried out.

Planned missions

• Radarsat Constellation ( CSA ), start in 2018
• James Webb Space Telescope ( NASA / ESA / CSA, as a replacement for Hubble ), start in 2018
• PCW (CSA ), start in 2016
• ASTRO- H, ( JAXA, CSA, ESA, NASA), X-ray satellite, launch scheduled for 2014
• OSIRIS - REx, (NASA and CSA) asteroid mission, launch scheduled for 2016