Cloppenburg (district)

The district of Cloppenburg (Lower German: County Cloppenborg, Sater: Loundkring Kloppenbuurich ) lies in the northwestern Lower Saxony. It is bordered to the west by the districts of Emsland and Leer, in the north of the county Ammer country, to the east by the counties of Oldenburg and Vechta and on the south by the district of Osnabrück. The county is part of the region Oldenburger Munsterland.

• 3.1 Kreistag
• 3.2 Coat of Arms

• 4.1 traffic
• 4.2 institutions

Geography

Location

The expansion of the circle is north-south and 50 km east to west 40 km. The area is flat land with an average altitude of 30-40 m above sea level. To the north of Cloppenburg Soeste forms a 3 km long lake, the dam Thülsfelder.

In Cloppenburg the IfAG ran a geodetic satellite station to the seventies.

Geology

In the district to change Geest with peat soils (cf. also the Oldenburg region and county Oldenburg).

Cultural landscape

The southern half of the county lies within the geographical landscape of the Ems - Hunte- Geest, divided into the Hümmling proportion to the west of alleviating (Oldenburg ) to Friesoythe - Markhausen, in the central Cloppenburg Geest and in the edge region of Delmenhorster Geest north of Emstek on the eastern edge of the circle. In the south of the Geest train a narrow strip of Loeningen to Essen (Oldenburg ) belongs to the geographical landscape Artland. The area north and northwest of the Geest of Garrel to Barßel ​​belongs to Leda Jümme Lowland.

Climate

The district is located in the temperate zone of Lower Saxony in the transition area between the maritime climate of the North Sea coast and the continental climate of the south and east and is characterized by temperate maritime climate, influenced by moist northwesterly winds from the North Sea, embossed.

Temperature

To display the temperature conditions of the Hoffmeister (1937 ) published data from the town of Cloppenburg about 21 km from the station serve in Loeningen / Cloppenburg. The annual average temperature is 8.4 ° C. The maximum of the monthly average is 16.7 ° C in July. The month of January as the coldest month has an average temperature of 0.8 ° C. The mean number of days with more than 5 ° C is 288, at 10 ° C there are 155 days ( Hoffmeister, 1937).

Precipitation

The basis for the description of the precipitation data of the Water Management Office Cloppenburg (nd) from the period 1951-1988.

The mean annual precipitation is 785 mm year for the period from 1951 to 1980 and 801 mm for the year 1961-1988. The maximum was reached in 1961 with 1053 mm N / year; the lowest value was 576 mm N / year in 1969. As can be seen in the figure, drop the highest rainfall of the year in June. In the long-term average, it is 81 mm N / month. A second maximum is in the winter months, especially in December, an average of 78 mm N / month in the fall. This contrasts with two minima in February and October / September each with 49 and 58.4 mm N / month. The relative variability of the average monthly rainfall is on average 50% of the mean values. September to fall during the growing season of April with 403 mm N 50 % of the annual precipitation; in the main growing season from May to July there are with 224 mm N 28 %.

The spatial distribution of precipitation is crucially determined by the Geest plateau. To the north in the direction of Leda Jümme lowlands of the mean annual precipitation of about 60 mm decreases and is 725 mm N / year. This also occurs in the south in the area of ​​Hase- lowland. With wages in the district of Vechta, the average annual precipitation falls, for example, 85 mm from 700 mm / year. In the study area falls after the precipitation map, a mean annual rainfall of about 775 mm / year

Administrative history

In the 19th century existed on the territory of today's district the three Oldenburg offices Cloppenburg, Loeningen and Friesoythe. 1879, the Office Loeningen was integrated into the Office Cloppenburg. 1933, the offices Cloppenburg and Friesoythe were summarized to the Official Cloppenburg, was from the 1939 district of Cloppenburg. In 1974, the municipalities Gehlenberg and Neuvrees from the district ash Village Hümmling after Friesoythe and the community Wachtum from the district of Meppen were incorporated to Loeningen.

Policy

The district of Cloppenburg is considered CDU stronghold. In the 2005 federal election the candidate for the CDU in the Bundestag constituency Cloppenburg reached - Vechta ( the only over 60%) the best first of all winning CDU Direktkandiaten in Germany ( with the exception of Bavaria, where the sister party CSU competes ). For several decades, the CDU received even more than 70 % of the primary vote in the said constituency.

Council

Coat of arms

The coat of arms was in use until 1838 in the old office Cloppenburg as a seal, was re- adopted on 10 July 1958 by county as a coat of arms and received on September 3, 1959 Government approval. The blazon of the arms put the district council 1959:

Beams and cross slot in the upper part of the arms are from the Oldenburg coat of arms, as the formerly Münster Office Cloppenburg in 1803 fell to the (large) Duchy of Oldenburg. At the bottom of the water lily leaves are from the arms of the Counts of Bentheim- Tecklenburg, the end of the 13th century, the Cloppenburg established and practiced until 1400, the country's domination. The lower Rotbalken comes from the coat of arms of the Bishopric of Münster and recalls the episcopal country's rule from 1400 to 1803.

Economy and infrastructure

The economy consists V.A. from services and agriculture, which is dominated by factory farming and biogas plants. 2010 88 biogas plants in operation and another 25 were in the district applied for or under construction.

On the territory of the district, the inter-municipal industrial and commercial areas are found ecopark and c port.

Traffic

Railway lines

The district of Cloppenburg is crossed by the route Oldenburg -Osnabrück Oldenburgische State Railways since 1875. 1888 by her chain in food from the branch line to Loeningen, which was financed from this community; until 1907 she led the state railway further to the border with Lewinghausen, where she joined the Meppen - Haselünner railroad.

Around the turn of the century became the county town of Cloppenburg to the local railway junction:

The county and some municipalities formed the Union of Railways Cloppenburg, who opened the narrow gauge railway on alleviating the state border in 1900; However, the planned connection to the Hümmlinger circular path in Werlte did not materialize.

The Union of Railways Vechta Cloppenburg presented in 1914 a standard gauge light railway to neighboring county town of Vechta ago.

The Oldenburg State Railways opened up 1906-08 the northwest of the circle by a branch line via Friesoythe after Ocholt, where they reached the main railway Oldenburg- Leer. At the extreme eastern edge of the circle in 1885 opened railway line Ahlhorn - Vechta touched only the station Schneiderkrug.

In order for a rail network of 170 km length was formed. Within twenty years of the passenger traffic was reduced to a 28- km stretch with two stations, which is operated by the North Western Railway GmbH, while the other lines at most still serve freight trains and Museum:

German motorways

• A 1 (Hansa Line )
• A 29 ( Jadelinie )

Federal roads

• B 68, B 69, B 72, B 213, B 401, B 438

Navigable waters

• Küstenkanal
• Barßeler Low / Leda
• Elisabethfehn channel
• Promised Ems

Flug-/Landeplätze

• Airfield Varrelbusch
• Airfield Barßel

Institutions

• Oldenburgische landscape, registered corporation under public law for the care and support of cultural and historical issues.

Religions

The district of Cloppenburg heard as the district of Vechta, the Emsland district, the former pins Osnabrück and Hildesheim and the Untereichsfeld to the regions in Lower Saxony, the - traditionally dominated by the Catholic Church - in contrast to most of the country. Since 1990, this structure changed in the district of Cloppenburg due to the high Zuzuges Protestant ethnic German immigrants.

Cities and Towns

(Population at 31 December 2012)

Unit communities

Others

In Saterland lives a linguistic minority, Sater Frisians. They are the smallest linguistic island in Europe.

The district of Cloppenburg has the highest birth rate in Germany. With a fertility rate of 1.92 children per woman, the county is well above the national average of 1.37. The reason for this are the classic roles of men and women in the conservative region and the relatively high number of German-Russian emigrants in the area, which have tended to have higher birth rate, called.

Personalities

• Hermann Bitter ( born September 26, 1897 in Ramsloh, † November 21, 1982 ibid ), District 1946-1964