Kunming

Province

Kunming (Chinese昆明, Pinyin Kunming, W.-G. K'un -ming outdated, even Yunnanfu ) is the capital of Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. The current urban area (in the narrow sense) is located at the northern edge of the Dian Lake and has an area of ​​approximately 300 km ², the entire prefecture-level city has an area of 21,501 km ². Kunming had about 4.95 million inhabitants in late 2002. In 2009, the population was 7 million addition, about 1 million migrant workers. In the center of a new and modern business district is formed.

The entire Verwaltungsgsbiet the present city covers an area of 280 to 300 km ² in the north of the Dian Lake (northern city). Currently, a city expansion occurs east and south of the Dian Lake. Covering an area of 160 km ² the Oststadt was built in the new city district ( since May 20, 2011) Chenggong, where 900,000 people live. Two further extensions are planned city in the south of the Dian Lake ( South City ).

History

  • In 279 BC there was an early settlement on the site of today's Kunming.
  • 765 Tuadong was founded, which was renamed under the Mongol rule in 1276 in Kunming.
  • In the 13th century the city (probably) by Marco Polo visited.
  • In the 14th century it was taken over by the dynasty of Ming and surrounded by a city wall.
  • In the 19th century it was in the hands of the Sultan of Dali.
  • 1999, the last International Garden Show the last millennium took place here.

Geography

Kunming is located on the almost 2,000 m high eastern Yunnan plateau. This position throughout the year relatively mild temperatures, so that Kunming is also referred to as the "City of Eternal Spring" due. The city is currently growing from the north along the eastern side of the 39 km long Dian Lake.

Administrative Divisions

As a prefecture-level city, Kunming consists of six districts, four counties, three autonomous counties and one independent city together:

  • City District Panlong (盘龙区), 339.79 km ², 600,000 inhabitants ( 2004)
  • Municipality Wuhua (五华区), 397.86 km ², approximately 810,000 inhabitants ( 2004)
  • City Guandu District (官渡 区), 552.2 km ², 750,000 inhabitants ( 2004)
  • City Xishan District (西山区), 791.14 km ², 850,000 inhabitants ( 2004)
  • Municipality Dongchuan (东川 区), 1858.79 km ², 300,000 inhabitants ( 2002)
  • Municipality Chenggong (呈贡 区), 541 km ², approximately 160,000 inhabitants ( 2002)
  • Circle Jinning (晋宁 县), 1391 km ², approximately 270,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: greater community Kunyang (昆阳 镇)
  • Fumin county (富民县), 1030 km ², 140,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: greater community Yongding (永定 镇)
  • Yiliang County (宜良 县), 1880 km ², approximately 400,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: greater community Kuangyuan (匡 远 镇)
  • Circle Songming (嵩明 县), 1442 km ², approximately 340,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: greater community Songyang (嵩阳 镇)
  • Shilin Yi Autonomous County of (石林彝 族 自治县), 1777 km ², 230,000 inhabitants (2003 ), capital: greater community Lufu (鹿 阜 镇)
  • Autonomous County of Yi and Miao Luquan (禄劝 彝族 苗族 自治县), 4378 km ², 450,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: large village Pingshan (屏 山镇)
  • Autonomous County of Hui and Yi Xundian (寻甸 回族 彝族 自治县), 3966 km ², approximately 500,000 inhabitants ( 2002), capital: greater community Rende (仁德 镇)
  • Anning city (安宁 市), 1313 km ², approximately 260,000 inhabitants ( 2002)

Economy

The industrial city of Kunming provides 1/3 of the economic output of the entire province of Yunnan. The gross domestic product was in 2008 at 160 billion yuan, representing a per capita GDP of 3,200 U.S. dollars. In recent years, growth rates of over 10% was achieved, which was expected for 2009. Focus industries are mechanical engineering, electrical engineering / electronics / optics, metallurgy (copper, aluminum, steel), chemicals (phosphorus) and pharmacy. A great value as well occupies the agriculture. Kunming is the largest flower producer in China. Likewise, Kunming is with the tobacco production in the first place. A significant part of the company of Kunming in the two state-owned industrial development zones concentrated:

  • Economic and Technology Development Zone, including an export-oriented production zone and an innovation center
  • High -tech Development Zone

Are striking in Kunming quite numerous solar thermal panels on the roofs of the houses, which 60-70 % of the demand for hot water is covered. Cost of 2000 RMB per plant are savings over in energy costs in the amount of 10,000 RMB per year.

In addition, increasingly, the photovoltaic will be encouraged. The end of 2008 was in Shilin by the resident in Kunming Economic Development Zone Company Yunnan Tianda Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.. begun construction of the largest photovoltaic power plant in Asia. Covering an area of ​​173 ha is to be built a power plant with a capacity of 166 MW. After completing the first phase electricity should already be fed into the grid in late 2009 in the amount of 10 MW.

Traffic

As part of the infrastructure development of the modernization and expansion of transport links is assigned a high priority. In 2009, about 1 million cars were registered in Kunming, of which 70 % are in private ownership. The second traffic light free ring road was inaugurated on 28 September 2009 with a third ring road has already begun. Five central bus terminals are under construction.

Train services exist in many cities of China. Latest express routes are built, especially to Chengdu, Chongqing and Changsha. For 2016, the opening of a fast train to Shanghai route is planned. In preparation also are a logistics center and the largest container - China railway station with connections to Singapore, Vietnam, India, Thailand and Myanmar. By 2020, a high-speed line Kunming - Singapore to be completed over Vientiane and Bangkok.

A combined S- and U -Bahn is under construction and will connect especially the North with the Oststadt. A total of six lines are planned. The line 6 from the airport to the station East Bus Station is in regular operation since 2012 and the line between stations 1 University South and Xiaodongcun is in test mode.

The international airport Kunming Changshui was opened in 2012 and replaced the old airport of Kunming. This is one of the oldest in China, however, was not expandable. The airport Kunming Changshui located 25 km away from Kunming, and is accessible by airport bus and metro. He is China's fourth largest airport and one of the five main airlines connecting nodes with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Urumqi. With investment of 28 billion RMB were built four start and runways, which should enable capacity of 27 million passengers per year and ultimately 65 million in a first stage.

Education

Kunming has more than 20 universities and colleges with over 100,000 students. The most popular are the Yunnan University ( > 20,000 students ), the Kunming Technical University ( 38,000 students), the Yunnan Nationalities University and universities in the fields of medicine, agriculture, art and finance. Currently, the resettlement of the most important universities takes place in the new East City. There also arises a further location of high-tech parks, which start-ups are promoted in the context of higher education in a special way.

Attractions

Kunming has developed in recent years to an attractive city for tourism. In 2008 visited the city of 16 million domestic and foreign tourists. A Situated on the Dian Lake Tourist Special Economic Zone is under construction. In addition to the provincial museum in particular the Pagoda of West Temple and the Pagoda of the east temple are worth seeing in Kunming. In the surroundings of the town make the Dian Lake and the Western Mountains ( Xishan ) and the " Stone Forest " ( Shilin ) much-visited attractions dar. in the center of the city is the " Green Lake ". In addition, the Daguan rook moves in the middle of Daguan Parkes annually to a large amount of tourists. Other interesting destinations in and around Kunming are the Qiongzhu and the Yuantong Monastery, the jindian ( Golden Temple ). The Jiuxianger Karst height groups are among the most beautiful natural landscapes in the world.

The Yuantong Temple in Kunming

Huating Temple in the Western Hills

Cuihu Park in Kunming ( Green Lake )

Twinning

Sons and daughters of the town

  • Nie Er, composer
  • Zheng He, admiral of the Imperial fleet in the 15th century
  • Benedict Anderson, American political scientist

Air table

(3650) Kunming Wade–Giles Ming dynasty Dali City Districts of the People's Republic of China Panlong District Wuhua District Xishan District, Kunming Dongchuan District Chenggong District Jinning County Yiliang County, Kunming Songming County Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County Miao people Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County Hui people Anning, Yunnan Fujisawa (Kanagawa) Marocco Finland (disambiguation) Baoshan (Yunnan) Lijiang Lincang Qujing Yuxi Zhaotong
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