List of state leaders in 1491

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Africa

• ( Abdalwadiden ) (now in West Algeria, Tlemcen capital ) Sultan Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII (1469-1504)

• Egypt ( Burdschiyya Dynasty ) Sultan: Qaid Bay (1468-1496)

• Ethiopia Kaiser ( Negus Nagast ): Constantine II ( 1478-1494 )

• Bornu ( in present-day Niger) Sefuwa Dynasty King / Mai Ali Gazi (1465-1497)

• Ifriqiya (eastern Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsids ) Caliph: Zakariyah II (1488-1493)

• Jolof ( in present-day Senegal) Buur -ba Jolof: Birayma Kuran Kan (1488-1492)

• Kano Emir Muhammad Rumfa (1463-1499)

• Congo Mani Congo: Nzinga á Nkuwu ( João I ) ( 1470-1509 )

• Morocco ( Wattasids ) Sultan Muhammad al- Schayh al -Mahdi ( 1465/72-1505 )

• Munhumutapa Empire Ruler: Changamire (1490-1494)

• Songhai calibration ( in West Africa) Ruler: Sonni Ali (1464-1492)

America

• Aztec Empire Tlatoani: Auítzotl (1486-1502)

• Inca Empire Inca: Túpac Yupanqui (1471-1493)

Asia

• China ( Ming Dynasty ) Kaiser: Hongzhi (1487-1505)

• Japan Emperor: Go- Tsuchimikado (1464-1500)
• Ashikaga Shogun: Ashikaga Yoshitane (1490-1493)

• Korea ( Joseon Dynasty ) King: Seongjong (1469-1494)

• Persia Sultan ( Timurid dynasty ): Husain Bayqara ( 1469-1501 )

• Siam (Thailand) King: Intharacha II (1488-1491)
• King Rama Thibodi II (1491-1529)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: King of Navarre: Catherine of Navarre (1483-1517)
• Bishop of Urgell: Pere de Cardona (1472-1515)

• Denmark King: John I (1481-1513)

• German Teutonic Order Grand Master: John of depths (1489-1497)

• England King: Henry VII (1485-1509)

• France King, Charles VIII (1483-1498)

• Holy Roman Empire King Friedrich III. (1440-1493) (from 1452 Emperor )
• King: Maximilian I (1468-1519) Emperor from 1508
• Electorates archbishopric of Cologne Archbishop Hermann of Hesse (1480-1508) (1473-1480 Administrator)

• Archbishop Berthold of Henneberg (1484-1504)

• Archbishop Johann II of Baden (1456-1503)

• King Vladislav II (1471-1516) (1490-1516 King of Hungary )

• Margrave: John Cicero (1486-1499) (1473-1486 Regent )

• Count Palatine Philipp of the Righteous (1449-1451) (1476-1508)

• Elector Friedrich III. the way (1486-1525)

• Bishopric of Augsburg Bishop Frederick II of Zollern (1486-1505)

• Bishop: Henry III. Bulk of Trockau (1487-1501)

• Bishop: Kaspar Rhine (1479-1502)

• Bishop Joachim I. von Bredow (1485-1507)

• Archbishop: Henry II of Schwarzburg (1463-1496) (1466-1496 Bishop of Münster)

• Bishop Melchior of Meckau (1488-1509)

• Archbishop Ernst of Saxony (1476-1513)

• Bishop: John VI. of Saalhausen (1487-1518)

• Bishop: Thilo von Trotha ( bishop) ( 1466-1514 )

• Bishop: Henry II of Lorraine Vandemont (1484-1505)

• Bishop: Henry III. Look of Castle (1473-1508)

• Bishop Heinrich XXVII. of Schwarzburg (1466-1493) (1463-1496 Archbishop of Bremen)

• Bishop: Dietrich IV von Schönberg ( 1480/81-1492 )

• Bishop: Conrad IV of Rietberg (1482-1508)

• Bishop Simon III. of Lippe (1463-1498)

• Bishop: Christoph von Schachner (1490-1500)

• Bishop: John of Parkentin (1479-1511)

• Bishop: Henry IV of Absberg (1465-1492)

• Archbishop: Frederick V of Schaubergwerk (1489-1494)

• Bishop: Jost of silenes (1482-1496)

• Bishop: Ludwig von Helmstatt (1478-1504)

• Bishop: Albrecht von Pfalz- Mosbach (1478-1506)

• Bishop Anton I of Neuchâtel (1461-1495)

• Bishop Ulrich III. of Frundsbergstrasse (1486-1493)

• Bishop David of Burgundy (1456-1496)

• Bishop: Berthold von Landsberg (1470-1502)

• Bishop Guillaume de Haraucourt (1457-1500)

• Bishop Johann von Dalberg (1482-1503)

• Bishop Rudolf II of Scherenberg (1466-1495)

• Baden Margrave Christoph I. (1475-1515)

• Bayern Munich Duke Albrecht IV (1465-1508)

• Duke: George the Rich (1479-1503)

• Landgraf: Wilhelm I (1471-1493)

• Duke Magnus II (1477-1503)

• Count Wolfgang I. (1490-1519)

• Italian States Ferrara, Modena and Reggio Duke: Ercole I d' Este (1471-1505)

• Signor Lorenzo I de ' Medici (1469-1492) (de facto ruler )

• Signore: Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476-1477, 1477-1478, 1488, 1488-1494 )

• Pope Innocent VIII (1484-1492)

• Duke Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476-1494)

• Margrave: Gianfrancesco II Gonzaga (1484-1519)

• Margrave Boniface III. (1483-1494)

• King: Ferrante (1458-1494)

• Lord Pandolfo IV Malatesta (1482-1528)

• Margrave Ludwig II (1475-1504)

• Captains Regent: Giovanni di Menghino Calcigni, Marino Giangi (1490-1491)
• Captains Regent: Antonio di Bianco, Marino di Simone Muccioli ( 1491 )
• Captains Regent: Menetto di Menetto Bonelli, Matteo Tura (1491-1492)

• Duke: Karl Johann Amadeus II (1490-1496)

• King Ferdinand II (1479-1516) Viceroy Fernando de Acuña (1489-1495)

• Duke: Guidobaldo da Montefeltro I. (1482-1508)

• Doge: Agostin Barbarigo (1486-1501)

• Vltava Prince: Ştefan cel Mare (1457-1504)

• Monaco Seigneur Lambert (1457-1494)

• Norway King: John I (1481-1513)

• Ottoman Empire Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512)

• Poland King: John I (1447-1492)

• Portugal King: John II (1481-1495)

• Russia Grand Duke: Ivan III. (1462-1510)

• Scotland King: James IV (1488-1513)

• Sweden Regent Sten Sture the Elder (1470-1497)

• Hungary King: Ulászló, Jr. (1490-1516) (1471-1516 King of Bohemia )

• Walachia Prince Vlad Calugarul ( 1481, 1482-1495 )

• Zeta Prince: Đurađ Crnojević (1490-1496)