Saale

The catchment area of ​​the Saale with highlighted watersheds of Unstrut and White Elster; in addition, the Bode is highlighted

Saaletal at court

The Saale, also Saxon Saale, formerly also also Thuringian Saale, or (more rarely) Vogtländische Saale, is a river in Bavaria, Thuringia and Saxony- Anhalt. With a length of 413 kilometers it is by the Vltava River is the second longest tributary of the Elbe. With an average discharge of 115 m³ / s it takes together with the Havel also second place behind the Vltava among the most water-rich tributaries one. The Saale drained from the source to the mouth of an area of ​​24,100 square kilometers.

• 3.1 reservoirs
• 3.2 river power plants

• 7.1 river training
• 7.2 Criticism of the planned river training
• 7.3 bridges and ferries across the river Saale
• 7.4 locks the Saale
• 7.5 inland ports of the Saale

Name

The Saale originates in Upper Franconia. To distinguish it from the smaller Franconian Saale in Lower Franconia it is officially called in the Bavarian part Saxon Saale. It does not affect, however, the former Kingdom and the Free State of Saxony, but probably it flows through to Upper Franconia and Thuringia, the former Prussian province of Saxony. The names Thuringian Saale and Vogtländische Saale are less common today. My name is Slavic Solawa, which today is still used in the Sorbian literature. In Halle, the name is taken for the local salt springs also with the German Sole in conjunction (such as the city of Suhl ).

Course

Source

Saale Source: The Saale rises in the Fichtelgebirge between cell and white city at an old mine tunnel on the northwest slope of the Waldstein at 707 meters above sea level. NN. Located on the layered wall of rough granite blocks a Syenitplatte with the inscription: "Source of the Saale River, taken from the cities Munchberg, Schwarzenbach, yard, White Rock, Hall 1869 ". The initiative for the first source version then went out of the city Munchberg, the cities mentioned in the panel participated in the costs. The entire area is a protected natural monument. The source is the starting point of the 427 km long cycling route Saale.

Headwaters

Intermediate cell and home, on the Münchberger plateau, the Saale flows relatively slowly along. Between the mouth of the Tannbachs and the Selbitz it forms the border between Bavaria and Thuringia, formerly part of the "Iron Curtain". Then the river runs through the Thuringian Slate Mountains. Here is the hall is dammed several times, the largest reservoirs in a five-level cascade of Hohenwarte and the lead hole reservoir.

The area of ​​the central hall starts at Kaulsdorf - Weischwitz with the exit of the river from the Thuringian Slate Mountains and the entry into the boards and hills of the Triassic. The river touches there among other Saalfeld / Saale, Rudolstadt and Jena.

In the Naumburg Saale takes on the Unstrut. Up there, the hall is designed to be water -rich, but shorter than the Unstrut, so that actually the latter is to be regarded as the upper reaches of the river Saale. The different wording of the shorter flux as the headwaters of the total flux may, as with other items from the ignorance of the aspect ratios of the two rivers to each other or from a differently weighted economic significance result.

Underflow

After emerging from the Natural Park Saale Unstrut Triasland in Weissenfels the lower reaches of the river Saale begins in a flat landscape through the towns of White Rock, Bad Duerrenberg, Merseburg and Halle ( Saale).

In the Early Pleistocene Saale flowed from Naumburg towards Zwenkau, she shared at Lutzen in Leipzig and the Schkeuditz Lützener river Saale and took Zwenkau south of the White Elster on. Back in the early named after her Saale glaciation did not reach the Saale Leipzig space. Since then, it flows over the current White Rock in a northerly direction, while her former riverbed is used by the White Elster ( Leipzig river Saale ).

South of the hall are ecologically valuable Saale-Elster -Auen, in Halle city several islands and rocks on the shore ( Klaus mountains, Kröllwitzer rocks with Saale breakdown ) and the Giebichenstein with the same castle. Below hall passed the Saale the steep banks of the Brachwitzer Alps, Wettin, the Rothenburg sandstone rocks from the Upper Carboniferous and Bernburg (Saale ).

The hall opens at Barby in the Elbe.

Hydraulic

Reservoirs

At the upper reaches of the Saale are in this order following reservoirs:

• Bleilochtalsperre
• Dam Burgkhammer
• Dam Walsburg
• Hohenwarte dam
• Dam Eichicht

They form the cascade Saale, the second largest network of hydroelectric power plants in Germany.

Hydroelectric power plants

Both on the lawn mill weir and at Paradise Weir in Jena are water turbines. They were built at existing dams 1999/2000. Before that were on the weirs locks for rafting.

In Halle ( Saale ), upon the district Planena a hydroelectric plant, and two more are to be built at the weirs powder pastures and Trotha.

More hydroelectric power plants there are in Unterpreilipp, Uhlstaedt, Jena - Burgau, Döbritschen and Camburg and in Walsburg, in the old cardboard factory rear goats and hydroelectric Museum goats back.

Tributaries

Places along the Saale

Cities are shown in italics

Cell - Sparneck - White village - Seulbitz - Förbau - Schwarzenbach an der Saale - Fattigau - Oberkotzau - Courtyard - fountain valley - Saalenstein - Joditz

Border Bavaria / Thuringia

Hirschberg - Sparberg - Rudolph Stein - Blankenberg - Blankenstein - Harra - Saalsdorf - Hall Castle - Pöritzsch - Gräfenwarth - Burgk - Walsburg - Ziegenriick - Neidenberga - Hohenwarte - Eichicht - Kaulsdorf - fishing village - Weischwitz - Reschwitz - Breternitz - Saalfeld - Schwarza - Volkstedt - Rudolstadt - Catharinau - Kolkwitz - White - Uhlstaedt - Rückersdorf - Zeutsch - Niederkrossen - Orlamünde - Freienorla - Großeutersdorf - Kleineutersdorf - Kahla - Großpürschütz - Jägerndorf - Rothstein - Maua - Jena - Porstendorf - Dornburg - Dorndorf - Steudnitz - Wichmar - Camburg - Tümpling - Großheringen - Kleinheringen

Border Thuringia / Saxony -Anhalt

Stendorf - Saaleck - Bad Kösen - Naumburg - Schellsitz - Schoenburg - Eulau - Goseck - Leißling - Lobitzsch - Uichteritz - Mark Weaving - White Rock - Dehlitz - Schkortleben - Kleinkorbetha - Großkorbetha - Oebles - Schlechtewitz - Wengelsdorf - Bad Duerrenberg - Kröllwitz - Leuna - Trebnitzgrund - Merseburg - Meuschau - free Imfelde - Schkopau - Korbetha - Hohenweiden - Rock village - Holleben - Hall - Brachwitz - Schiepzig - Salzmünde - Pfützthal - Döblitz - Zaschwitz - Wettin - Kloschwitz - Rumpin - Dobis - Friedeburg - Zickeritz - Rothenburg - Nelben - Gnölbzig - Trebnitzgrund - Großalsleben - Poplitz - Großwirschleben - Plötzkau - Gröna - Neuborna - Bernburg - Dröbel - Nienburg - Wedlitz - Damaschkestraße plan - Wispitz - calbe - Trabitz - Groß Rosenburg - Werkleitz

Attractions and buildings

At the Saale with its tributary Unstrut wine region lies Saale- Unstrut. Along the river runs the long distance cycle Saale Cycle Path. Especially in the upper and middle reaches of the bike path is radtouristisch demanding. The Via Regia in parts follows the course of the Saale.

With their often towering slopes of the Saale flows to Burgk Castle, the Heidecksburg Leuchtenburg, the Kunitzburg ( Jena ), the Dornburger castles, the castle Saaleck, the Rudelsburg in Bad Kosen and his historicist Saale Bridge, the Castle Schoenburg Castle Goseck, the Castle New Castle Augustus in White rock, Castle Giebichenstein the Saale breakthrough in hall pass (Saale ) and the Bernburg Castle. In Halle ( Saale), the Moritzburg also lies on the banks of the mill-race, a tributary of the river in the city. 1848, he published The picturesque banks of the Saale 1844-1848, in which numerous contemporary lithographs are included.

South of Hall spans the under construction new railway route Erfurt-Leipzig/Halle the Saale. The Saale- Elster Viaduct will be the longest bridge in Germany after its completion in 2013, with a length of about eight kilometers. A very special monument is also the pedestrian suspension bridge at small and Großeutersdorf, shortly before Jena. The so-called " swing bridge " ( 1908 ) is unique in Europe in its way.

Between Saalfeld and Naumburg the valley of the Saale plays an important role as a transport artery. Here for example, extend the federal highway 88 and the railroad line of the railway hall. The Thuringian railway crosses the narrow Saaletal alone with their eight railway bridges the river.

Importance as a transport route

The use of the hall for freight or passenger transport is documented since 981. From the mouth of the river is Unstrut sections for small passenger vessels from Halle ( Saale) by navigable. In Halle- Trotha is a modern port. Under the waterways Ausbaues Elbe / Saale, the overall length was shortened by straightening in the years 1933 to 1942 by 427 km to about 413 km. From 124,16 km in Bad Duerrenberg to km 0,00 confluence with the Elbe ( at km 290.78 ) the Saale is a federal waterway for which the Waterways and Shipping Office Magdeburg is responsible. From Bad Duerrenberg up above the harbor Halle- Trotha the Saale is recognized as a waterway class I, IV from there to the same class

The construction of the planned for the river navigation Elster -Saale- channel, which should lead to Leipzig, begun in 1933, was never completed. His name is on a mid-19th century built, starting from the Elster channel 2.5 km long back. The completed and 1939 flooded section of 11 km in length in the states of Saxony -Anhalt and Saxony since 1999 officially called Saale Leipzig channel ( SLK ) and is one of the federal waterways.

Another, not yet perfected canal project is the center channel at Merseburg.

River training

After resistance from environmental groups Staustufenbau has been abandoned in the lower reaches of the river Saale, instead, is currently a lock canal at Tornitz, called Saale channel in planning.

Criticism of the planned river training

The planned Saale channel is rejected by environmental organizations, especially the Bund, parts of the Left Party and the Alliance 90/The Greens. A study of the Martin- Luther -University Halle -Wittenberg concludes that " the estimated investment cost of 72.6 million euros (...) no adequate benefit expectations " are facing. The Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle and the Taxpayers thus demand to cancel the construction project. The estimated costs have increased from the original 72.6 million expected to become 100 million euros, which is why the Saale river channel in the media was often criticized. Against the expansion of the Elbe and the ecological damages demonstrate every year thousands of people all along the Elbe, most recently on 20 September 2009.

In contrast, the association argues for raising the Saale shipping ( VHDs ) with survey results of companies in the region, emanating from a possible transport potential of more than two million tons per year. Also the VHDs keeps up to 2010 planned by the federal government for the same entertainment measures to ensure the driving depth from Hamburg to Dresden from 1.60 meters to the success of the project is urgently required.

Bridges and ferries across the river Saale

About the Saale following bridges and ferries run ( downstream ):

• The car ferry on the L 1100 between the Old and Roth Linkenmühle
• The Röpziger bridge between Halle ( Saale) and Schkopau, district Hohenweiden
• The Saale flows through hall partly in several arms. The bridges also span tributaries. One of the bridges of the city we offer are the Genzmerbrücke, Giebichensteinbrücke, slate Bridge, Elizabeth Bridge, highway ( as part of the federal highway 80), Palatine Bridge, Klaus bridge, stone mill bridge and pedestrian forestry Werder bridge Rabeninsel bridge Salzgrafenplatz bridge ( mill race; sidearm ), the port railway bridge, the swan Bridge, the bridge and the three Peißnitzbrücke
• The car ferry between Brachwitz ( Fährstr. ) and bathroom New Ragoczy ( Old Unterdorfstr. )
• The bridge of the motorway at 143 Salzmünde (planned / under construction )
• The Fußgänger-/Radwegbrücke north of Salzmünde ( no longer available! )
• The car ferry on the regional road 156 in Wettin
• The car ferry to the main road 155/157 in Rothenburg
• The bridge of the national road 154 between Nelben and rounders
• The bridge of the railway hall - Sandersleben at rounders
• The bridge of the B 6 in Großalsleben
• The railway bridge Großalsleben ( decommissioned)
• The bridge of the A 14 at Poplitz
• The Fußgänger-/Radwegbrücke at Gröna
• The passenger ferry in Bernburg ( Saale) ( between Bernburg Castle and Zoo, just before the lock )
• The old bridge in Bernburg (only for pedestrians / cyclists)
• The bridge from the country road 50 (formerly B 71 ) and B 185 in Bernburg
• The bridge of the railway line Güsten - Köthen in Bernburg
• The railway bridge in Bernburger industrial area
• The bridge of B 6n or B 185 in the bypass of Bernburg
• The pipe bridge between Bernburg and Latdorf
• The bridge of the national road 73 in Nienburg
• The greed cable ferry between calbe (Saale ) and the Grace of God
• The bridge of the national road 63 in calbe (Saale )
• The bridge of the Magdeburg- Leipzig Railway in calbe (Saale )
• The car ferry to the county road 1243 in Groß Rosenburg

Locks the Saale

To ensure the navigability of the river Saale, there are numerous in the lower reaches Locks:

• Calbe, river kilometer 20.0
• Bernburg, river kilometer 36.1
• Großalsleben, river kilometer 50.3
• Rothenburg, river kilometer 58.7
• Wettin, river kilometer 70.4
• Trotha (Hall ), river kilometer 89.2
• Gimritz (Hall ), river kilometer 92.6
• Halle ( Saale), river kilometer 93.6
• Böllberg (Hall ), river kilometer 95.8
• Planena (Hall ), river kilometer 104.4
• Meuschau, river kilometer 113.5
• Risch mill ( Merseburg ), river kilometer 115.2
• Bad Duerrenberg, river kilometer 126.2
• Mr. Mill ( White Rock ), river kilometer 141.0
• Brückenmühle ( White Rock ), river kilometer 142.5
• Beuditz ( White Rock ), river kilometer 143.2
• Öblitz, river kilometer 150.6

Inland ports of the Saale

• Port Halle ( Saale), the district Trotha
• Sophie port Halle ( Saale), no longer in operation
• Passenger ship port Naumburg Blütengrund / Großjena, home port of the Saale- Unstrut shipping Gmbh

Flood

For the city of Halle ( Saale) flood 1559-1958 by Halle geographer Gerhard tine were investigated. About ten meters, the level rose accordingly on March 2, 1595 ( 10.15 m), 24-25. February 1799 ( 10.12 m ) and 24-25. November 1890 ( 10.10 m ). Ten times the nine- meter mark was exceeded.

In Thuringia, following floods in recent decades are considered the strongest:

• April 1962
• April 1994
• May / June 2013