Sydney Airport

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Kingsford Smith International Airport and Sydney Airport is the busiest airport in Australia. It is located about nine kilometers south of the city center of Sydney, and has three terminals, two of which are used for domestic and one for international flights. The connection from the airport to the city, the Airport Link forth relatively cheap. The airport is named after the aviation pioneer Charles Kingsford Smith.

• 3.1 National
• 3.2 Continental
• 3.3 intercontinental

• 4.1 National
• 4.2 International

• 6.1 Overall statistics
• 6.2 advent Strongest routes

• 7.1 Ownership

Location

Kingsford Smith International Airport in Sydney is centrally located for a major airport. He is, for example, just about ten kilometers from the famous Sydney Opera House. The airport is close to remodels three sides, with only the southern part borders on the Botany Bay. Because of the dense coupled enclosure, the expansion was made possible by landfills in Botany Bay, so that a portion adjacent to a portion of the airport grounds, especially two of the three start and runways, the 16L/34R and their parallel runway 16R/34L by more than two kilometers of embankments in rich in Botany Bay.

History

The history of Sydney Airport dates back to 1911 when the New Zealand aviation pioneer Captain Joseph Joel Hammond took a short flight to show the present territory of the Sydney Airport. On April 18, 1911, he started on the Ascot Race Course, a horse racing track, which only a few years later, the airport gave way and now buried under buildings of the east-west runway of the airport, with a double-decker aircraft manufacturer Bristol to a not ten minutes long demonstration flight. Officially, this date is considered the date of origin of the airport.

After a few years without aviation the area recognition came in the Sydney's aviation. Nigel live, military pilot in the Australian Air Force was stationed during World War II in Europe. There he could sign a contract with the aircraft manufacturer | Avro and Walter Warneford, Ausrüstungsbeaftragter his squadron close. Thus he became the sole agent of Avro aircraft in Australia and got a contract for the supply of aircraft of type Avro 504k to the Air Force in a three -year contract. For nickel founded the first Australian aircraft manufacturers, Australian Aircraft & Engineering Co Ltd. Back in Australia, he needed a suitable area for his venture. After he had searched the Sydney area unsuccessfully for a suitable site for his project, a real estate office offered him a suitable property. The area in Mascot was suitable for an airfield, as it was both very ground level and also had to overcome in any direction obstacles to arriving and departing aircraft. In addition, the area was covered by a previous use as agricultural land with grass, so you had to remove any roots or the like.

The first flight of the new airfield, for which the Acot Racecourse had to give way, started on November 19, 1919; The official opening took place on 9 January 1920. Here were next to the flight operations, which often took place in the free- temporal interest, even the Spartan manufacturing facilities of the Australian Aircraft & Engineering Co Ltd. resident. In addition to the final assembly of Avro here shortly thereafter became the first developed in Australia and built airplane made ​​a biplane with five seats. About a former acquaintance from military Nigel was able to sell 1920 aircraft to Qantas.

1923 ran from the Treaty of Nigel 's love for the delivery of aircraft to the Australian military as well as for the use of land. The Australian Aircraft & Engineering Co Ltd. filed for bankruptcy and Nigel Love withdrew. The land was immediately taken over by the government, which wanted to build a public airfield for Sydney here. And she had already taken over in 1921 adjacent areas. Overall, the government investment amounted to 31,000 Australian dollars.

The new Sydney Aerodrome was opened in 1924. Also in 1924 also launched the still in its infancy worldwide scheduled air service from the new airfield in the city of Sydney. At first, there were regular flights to Adelaide and Melbourne. In the early days the airport was built still very sparse. So there was until 1940 no real terminal, towers and the like were not available in this extremely early period of germinating aviation.

1933 was taken with gravel pad in operation at the airport, the first take-off and landing strip. Followed in 1935, the status of an international airport, for the Sydney Airport, where now firmly passenger air traffic belonged to the daily business. 1938, therefore, followed the decision to construct a passenger terminal and an increase in flight operations systems. The work was begun in 1939, followed in 1940 at Sydney Airport a real passenger terminal that previous Spartan temporaries replaced record the operation. The three-story masonry construction with terrace front of the apron housed on the roof of the Tower. The building still stands today and is installed in Terminal 1

New standards

With rapidly increasing passenger numbers in the thirties and forties, especially the Sydney Airport its role was no longer adequate. The clearance was overloaded and also uncomfortable. Replacement was needed. Meanwhile, also corresponded to the now three crossed the start and runways no longer the standard of such important airports such as Sydney. The Government recognized the problem and was especially interested in Sydney firmly integrate into the long-haul network, including new facilities were essential. During the discussions, a relocation of the airport has been tested as Mascot was structurally very complex because of the necessary relocation of the Cooks River. A plane crash in August 1945 spurred the leaders to again. In March 1946, they finally confirmed that they have decided to continue to use the space of Mascot and accordingly expand considerably. It was explained that the construction would probably expected by current plans, cost five million Australian pounds.

For the building in Mascot said among other things:

• That was the site of the most central, all others would be much further away from the city center.
• You could in the Botany Bay easily set up a flying boat base; at that time was not yet decided whether flying boats would have a chance in the medium term.
• Flight operational systems worth about 750,000 Australian pounds could still be used.
• The road and rail link was already relatively low.
• Pilots would facilitate the navigation, since the site is located on the waterfront.

Against the construction in Mascot but spoke mainly the complications of a long river diversion and noise aspects. For the construction of river diversion alone two million cubic yards had to be moved. In addition, roads and railway lines for the realization had to be relocated. Another preferred for the construction area would have been at Bankstown and thus significantly distant from the city center.

On June 4, 1947, construction began for the new Sydney Airport. It was planned in addition to new plants at the place where used to take place the clearance, also a new terminal at Botany Bay, south of the previous location. This was changed during construction and not realized. The plan was a gradual expansion of the airport in about ten years, which would have devoured Australian pounds to 11 million. The plans, which provided numerous cross paths and multiple runways to backfill areas in Botany Bay, but was never implemented and changed the plans.

Already in 1949 corresponded to the planning almost the later state. The two crossed runways, should be 8000 and 5500 feet long by former planning still exist today, but the latter was later extended into the lagoon. However, the difference was that in the former plan, the terminal should be south on the coast, while the existing terminal and flight operations area should be technically used only for hangars etc.. The realization of this, but much smaller plant, but should hit only about 3.5 million Australian pounds to book.

However, this plan was numerous extensions, so to reach the final stage, according to the master plan something between 9 and 15, to a maximum of 20 million Australian pounds needs to be invested. 1951, the construction was well underway, the new main airstrip had been built partially, already diverted the river, but was not yet much of the cross rail to recognize as one would initially need only the main track. 1951 about one million passengers were handled at the airport, compared to just 800,000 in the previous year, the rapid increase in air traffic is here once again shows why the opening was much anticipated. Per month in 1951 about more than 4000 aircraft movements, 1,500 tons of cargo and nearly 70,000 passengers were recorded.

Shortly thereafter, the new airport was in operation. The terminal and flight operations systems found themselves in opposition to the original plan completion on the same area northeast of the intersection of the two start and runways.

In 1960, a radar system was inaugurated with a high reach. 1965 was followed by the installation of an instrument landing system (ILS ) to also allow landings in poor visibility.

Jet age

For capacity reasons, it was decided in subsequent years in which the air traffic increased rapidly to further extensions and new buildings. Striking feature is especially the extension of the shorter at the inauguration compared to the east-west runway cross train as both runways were too short for large commercial jet aircraft, while the long east-west runway was at both ends can not be extended. Because the space had already been built in the north, here accounted for the possibility of an extension in this direction. Therefore, the start and runway was extended to landfills in the Botany Bay into it. The start of construction work began in 1963. The first extension went into operation in 1969. Shortly thereafter it was extended still time and has a length of 3962 as the longest runway at Sydney Airport in service since 1972. It has up to now about the same length, making it even today the longest of all three start and runways. In addition to the bank of earth had to be built under the extension for a runny at the airport bank main road underpass. The train was at the time one of the longest in the southern hemisphere and also adapted to receive the space shuttle, which is why NASA was a part of the construction costs.

Meanwhile, it was decided to construct a building for international traffic. As a place, the area was chosen over the existing passenger facilities on the other side of the north -south runway. After they had started in 1965 with the construction, the building was officially opened in May 1970. The new facilities were designed for the at that time still quite new jumbo jet. The building still stands today, albeit much modernized and expanded. At the opening ceremony, which took place on May 3, 1970, Queen Elizabeth II took part.

Third runway

With increasing passenger numbers and the consequent also consulted which increasing number of flight movements brought the airport with his two crossed start and runways at its capacity limit, so here was need for expansion. However, the possibilities for further development are very limited, since the airport is almost completely remodels and you also had to take into account the noise of the local residents. Therefore, there was only one way: the construction of a new runway at landfills in Botany Bay.

We therefore decided to build a much shorter parallel runway to the existing north-south runway, which should be completely built on artificial mounds. The project met with local residents to considerable criticism because they feared thereby considerably higher noise levels. The project was announced in 1989 and received the plans. After they had completed the plans and get the government released in 1991, work began quickly because of the urgency. This designed to be extremely complex, since in addition to the normal railway construction also 176 acres of land had to be filled up

The new railway was thus completed in August 1994 after several years of construction. The opening finally took place on November 5 of that year.

Through the construction of tens of thousands live near the airport were stronger than previously meant that in 1995 the original approach system was deleted on the two parallel runways again and was replaced by another approach method, however, the capacity of the two with noise belästigt.Zahlreiche complaints from residents paths significantly lowered. The project, with its many environmental damage developed into a small political issue.

Recently there had been in the construction to some Bauproblemen with the embankment, especially the airport fence, which led to the embankment to numerous complications due to corrosion of sand. The cost of improvements went into the high millions.

Olympic games

From 15 September to 1 October 2000, the 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney. As a result, the infrastructure had to be significantly improved. So roads and railway lines were expanded, as well as the Sydney Airport had to be prepared for during the Olympics strong embarking passenger numbers.

Therefore, it was heavily invested in the airport. As probably the most important result was probably the new rail link to the airport to look at. It was built between 1995 and 2000. For the construction of a tunnel under the airport had to be dug. The route leads from the center fro the airport, where it will not issue an Airport station, but are two stations because of the distance from the international to the national terminal. One opens up the two domestic terminals while a second airport station for the connection of the international passenger terminal is responsible. The construction of the Airport Link said system cost a total of 900 million Australian dollars, so it was the most expensive overall single infrastructure project in the Olympic Games in Sydney. The new route, for a total of nine kilometers of tunnels had to be drilled, was put into operation on 21 May 2000. Today, the airport section is traversed dense. A total of 80 trains per day use this stretch, while in 2011 a total of nine million passengers used the connection.

While at Sydney's airport no new terminals were built compared to other Olympic airports, there was considerable modernization of the existing passenger terminal. However, mainly international guests were expected and also the capacity was not sufficient, this expansion program was limited in the passenger buildings only to the international terminal. As one of the most important construction works here is the new baggage handling system to display in the International Terminal. The project swallowed 46 of the Australian dollar used a total of about 600 million for the refresher. However, it was also one of the biggest problems at the airport, because the system is not working properly. After it had gone into operation in May 2000, there were before the Olympics numerous complications and hours of system failures that led to thousands of passengers suffered delays and also arrived too late to several thousands of cases to their destination. Overall, the rate of late carried luggage was around twenty times the international standards. Given the impending load during the Olympics serious doubts have been raised about it. So it was expected that on the weekend of 14-15. September 2000 would have to be dealt with by the total number of ansreisenden guests to the 75,000 pieces of luggage in the international sphere, compared with 18,000 on normal weekends. During the arrival and departure weekend it did not, however, then the feared total collapse of the baggage handling system. During the day after the closing ceremony peak performance were accomplished as 45,500 passengers left on a day the country about the airport and it carried 40,000 pieces of luggage in the international terminal in turn.

Another problem presented the Zollabferigung and Border Patrol, since the many passengers had to be checked on forbidden carryover. This led to the creation of additional customs and border controls as well as a number of measures with the luggage. During the games numerous prohibited items were found in his luggage, including many foods.

Privatization and further development

Privatization

In the nineties of the last century, the Australian government began its airports to sell to private investors as it would have been done with numerous other companies in time or still do it. With the Airport Act 1996, the sale of all major civil airports in 1996 besiegelt.Mit the revenue they wanted to pay off debt before both as free up the way for modernization and expansion. Most airports, next to Sydney had already been sold, for example, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Launceston or Hobart, were shortly after the beginning of the action. At Sydney Airport, the matters dragged on much longer. On the one hand, because the Sydney Airport is the main airport of Australia and therefore something special, but probably more, since 2000, the Olympic Games would be held in Sydney. In summer 2001, then the negotiations for the sale of Sydney Airport took shape. However, the plans were postponed because of the consequences of September 11 and the subsequent problematic time for air transport.

In June 2002, finally, the sale of state-owned Sydney Airport Corporation ( SAC), which was developed in preparation for the sale in 1998 and the airport from there managed to date and operating in a leasing process completed. The buyer would the SAC and operate hence the airport for the next 99, before the airport then, the year 2101 falls back to the country Australia. Several prospective finally could the consortium Southern Cross consortium that was determined by the Australian finance company Macquarie. Members included in the consortium a total of 53 percent, of which 40 per cent to Macquarie Airports ( MAp ) and the remaining shares were attributable to other Company-owned companies. Other portions of the consortium were held by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia and by Hochtief Airport, next to other parts of the Southern Cross were listed on the stock exchange. Overall, Southern Cross had offered for the lease agreement 5.588 billion for the airport, about 3.19 billion U.S. dollars. Thus, the acquisition of SAC was the biggest takeover in Australian economic history. In addition to Southern Cross were finally two other bidders have been for the airport in the race: Led by Deutsche Bank and AMP consortium Sydney Gateway, which, however, 640 million Australian dollars less had commanded for the airport, as well as a connect -called consortium that of ABN Amro was headed and had the smallest bid. The contract was awarded to the highest bidder and thus to Southern Cross.

Southern Cross set to private methods and could thus increase the EBITDA of the airport in an extremely short time strong. While it still in 2000 at 286 million AUD it was increased to 423 million AUD shortly after the takeover in 2004. In 2001, however, was to crash not yet privatized airports on 226 459 000 AUD and had increased to 316.27 million AUD in 2002.

Developments

2007, Terminal 1 was modernized.

After three years and costs in the amount of 500 million Australian dollar renovation of the departure terminal was completed in 2010, which now houses 20 shops, other shops, bars and restaurants.

On 18 April 2011, the first flight jährte on the grounds of the airport. The first flight, which took less than 10 minutes and came to a height of about 40 meters above ground, graduated from Captain Joseph Joel Hammond with a Bristol biplane

In mid-April 2011, there were in Terminal 2 a problem in the security controls after 16 passengers had gone through the security checks, were not investigated properly due to a technical fault on the system before you noticed the problem. That's why they sent all passengers for the post from the security area, sometimes even aircraft were cleared again. A chaos was underway, which caused hours of delays and flight cancellations. A total fell from 29 flights. Since you no longer have to leave the airport all passengers a day, stranded thousands of passengers overnight at the airport. The next day, however, then the stranded passengers could all be transported with additional flights. Particularly hard hit, Jetstar, which had to cancel 15 flights, besides also Virgin Blue, Tiger Airways and QantasLink were affected.

2011, the clearance of arriving and departing passengers has been redesigned.

Airlines and destinations

Sydney is the home base of Australia's Qantas Airways. At Terminal 1, international flights a number of airlines are handled. In particular, there are many connections to Asia. Terminals 2 and 3 are used for domestic flights, with Qantas Terminal 3 exclusively uses and all other national airlines to share Terminal 2. In addition, the A380 fit ( Singapore Airlines, Qantas Airways, Emirates and China Southern Airlines ) Airport. Furthermore, the Sydney Airport also one of the objectives on the Kangaroo route ( via Singapore or Dubai).

National

The particularly important in Australia domestic market plays a particularly important role for the airport of Sydney. Most of all departing passengers are domestic passengers. The domestic market is largely from the Australian flag carrier Qantas and its low cost subsidiary Jetstar and Qantas regional subsidiary QantasLink ruled that fly from here the important cities. In addition, Virgin Australia plays important role on the domestic routes from Sydney. Lastly, the low cost airline Tiger Airways Australia would be to mention that offers flight connections in the low-price segment on some major routes out of Sydney.

In recent decades there had been in the domestic market to significant upheavals after the government to have their two- airline strategy, which consisted of the two carrier Ansett Australia and Trans Australian Airlines in parallel on the market in the late eighties loosened and thus the market for new airlines opened. Trans Australian Airlines disappeared from the market by being swallowed by Qantas, while Ansett Australia was forced to declare bankruptcy in 2001 and flight operations ceased. During this time, many new carriers entered the market, but mostly disappeared again shortly after. Only Virgin Australia and Tiger Airways Australia have managed to compete in the market.

In addition to the major cities compounds play in Sydney as well as to the other major Australian airports the small regional connections to small towns in the region a particularly important role. In this market, especially the regional airline Regional Express Airlines and Qantas subsidiary QantasLink are active, the offer from Sydney several goals. In addition, also mix other regional air carriers like Aeropelican Air Services, Skytrans Airlines Brindabella Airlines or with the secondary lines.

Continental

Flights to Oceania are for the Sydney Airport also important. By far the most important are the connections to New Zealand. Air New Zealand comes several times a day to Sydney and connects Sydney, among others, Auckland, Christchurch, Queenstown, Rotorua, Wellington or Dunedin. Air New Zealand has with Virgin Australia a partnership for cooperation on routes between the two countries with the involvement of their domestic goals of the other airline partner. The collaboration has been operating under the name Trans -Tasman Alliance. In return, Virgin Australia flies to New Zealand, where she served as Auckland or Queenstown.

Qantas and its subsidiary Jetstar who work hard, also frequented fly to New Zealand. They also fly to several cities and also offer even domestic flights within New Zealand on.

The most oceanic island states are also directly accessible from Sydney. In addition to flights from Qantas, Jetstar and Virgin Australia in the region also many carriers come from the island states themselves to Sydney. Air Pacific from Fiji comes from Nadi from Sydney, Noumea on Air Calin from Neukaledonienau, Air Vanuatu connects Sydney regularly with Port Vila on the Vanuatu Islands, for example, Air Niugini offers a connection from Sydney to Port Moresby in Papua New Guinea.

Intercontinental

Terminals

National

The national air traffic is handled in terminals 2 and 3, which are close to each other in the northeast of the airport.

Internationally

International air traffic is handled at Terminal 1. It is in the northwest of the airport.

Tower

The first control tower at Sydney Airport was built in 1937. It consisted only of a small shelter on the roof, from where you mostly agreed with light signals.

Already in 1941 the shelter by a real permanent building was replaced. The three-storey massive house, the next represented the terminal, with numerous antennas and viewing platform on the roof was in use until 1956. The building still stands today and is connected to the domestic terminal.

Dar from 1956 used tower was already a real tower. The tower was connected to the fire station. From the high altitude and modern control pulpit, had a good view of the airport grounds.

1972, a fourth control tower was put into operation, which in turn replaced the existing. The brick building was built just a few meters of the Botany Bay. The building offered a suboptimal look that was caused by bad planning.

In 1996, the current tower was opened. The modern building, which far surpasses its predecessor in height, with its wide- looped around the tower spiral staircase provides a very striking image. He is on the cutting edge of technology.

Statistics

Overall Statistics

In recent years, the Sydney airport has experienced significant growth in passenger numbers. The number of passengers multiplied in just about 20 years. Furthermore, it should be noted that the Sydney Airport was often slowed down in his growth of crises, but not lost passengers. For example, while strongly lost almost all commercial airports worldwide during the world economic crisis 2008/2009 of passengers, the Sydney Airport could achieve even minimal growth. However, the airport has been hit hard, like many other airports also by the consequences of September 11, 2001, when collapsed, the number of passengers worldwide. Then broke shortly after the already financially difficult ailing airline Ansett Australia, in addition to Qantas was the driving force in Australia is very important for domestic traffic until then, together. The other airlines have the capacity gap thus created not so fast fill, which is why all Australian airports suffered greatly as a result.

In the following, the development of passengers and aircraft movements from 1985 is now shown to this day. The data are taken from the Australian Bureau of Infrastructure Authority, Transport and Regional Economics ( BITRE ).

Advent Strongest routes

Following is a table of the main domestic routes from Sydney. The passenger figures include data for both directions. The numbers give the example of the month of March.

In the following, now the most important international air routes. Here the figures refer to the Australian financial year, which ends June each year. Also on the international routes it has come in recent years to considerable growth.

Airport Company

The Sydney Airport is just SACL, operated by the private Sydney Airport Corporation Limited.

Ownership

The 2002 privatized Sydney Airport Corporation Limited is located to 12 percent in the hands of Hochtief AirPort and to 3 per cent of Australian super funds, while the remaining 85 are held by MAp Airports, daughter of Australian financial giant Macquarie Bank. The Sydney Airport Corporation Limited is listed on the Australian Stock Exchange.

After the private Activision was the consortium of MAp Airport and Macquarie, which together controlled more than half of the shares. In addition, Hochtief AirPort and Australian super funds were involved from the beginning. Further shares had been sold on the stock exchange, where accessed numerous investors. MAp Airports focused in the following years on the start-up of their shares. The last major deal was to be closed in 2011, as MAp Airports with Canadian pension fund Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan ( OTPP ). The deal included that MAp Airports its shares ' transferred pension plan, while the 11- percent share of Ontario Teachers in return ' at the airports of Brussels and Copenhagen with a value of $ 1.65 billion to the Ontario Teachers Pension Plan on Sydney Airport would be obtained with a value of approximately $ 803 million and in addition a payment of 850 million dollars. Under the deal, the shares of MAp Airports of 74 increased to 85 percent.

Criticism

In a survey of Australian passengers and the evaluation of other facts provided by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission of Sydney Airport was chosen for the umpteenth time for Australia's worst airport in 2011. One criticism in the survey, in the Brisbane Airport won, were the high parking fees. The high cost of the transfer by train are considered less visitor-friendly in the city. In other surveys, the airport will, however, rated in some cases significantly better. In another survey, for example, which was attended by 32,000 Australians, the Sydney to Melbourne Airport was ranked number 2, while the rear seats, however, went to Hobart and Darwin. Bloomberg, for example, appointed him to the best Australian airport, but only reached the 63rd place in the global Bloomberg ranking.