Vitaly Ginzburg
Vitaly Ginsburg Lasarevich (Russian Виталий Лазаревич Гинзбург; * 21 Septemberjul / October 4 1916greg in Moscow, .. † November 8, 2009 ) was a Russian physicist. In 2003 he was awarded " for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids " the Nobel Prize for physics.
Life
Origin
Vitaly Ginsburg was still in the days of Tsarist Russia was born as the only child of an engineer Lazar Efimovich Ginzburg (1863-1942) and the doctor Awgusta Veniaminovna Wildenauer - Ginsburg ( 1886-1920 ). After the death of his mother, who died in 1920 of typhoid, her younger sister Rosa took care of the family. As father and aunt did not trust the quality of the new socialist school system, they sent Vitaly until 1927 at the age of eleven years to school. Since all secondary schools were abolished by the school reform of 1931, he left school after the seventh grade.
Career
However, he did not visit - as provided by the system - the subsequent vocational school, but began as a laboratory assistant in an X-ray laboratory. When in 1933 the admission requirements have been relaxed for higher education, he applied for a place in physics at the University of Moscow. As he had, however, left school after the seventh grade, he had to still cover the subject matter of the earlier upper acquire - through a crash course he managed this task within three months, but he fell in the entrance tests. Since he had already canceled the X-ray laboratory, he took a year as a guest student at the lectures in part, before he received official approval. After graduating in 1938, he was in 1942 at the Lebedev Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which had been evacuated at the time from Moscow to Kazan, PhD.
Because of his Jewish ancestry Ginsburg was not appointed in the increasingly anti-Semitic climate of 1947 Professor in Gorki, though he had held since 1946 lectures. The reason that he was able to do research on and was not exposed to further reprisals was, his employees (together with Andrei Sakharov ) in the group to his mentor Igor Tamm on the Soviet hydrogen bomb. This was successfully tested in 1953. Only after Stalin's death in 1953, the fate applied for Ginsburg, he was elected member of the Academy of Sciences and his wife was able to return from exile in Gorky to Moscow. In 1971, Ginsburg 's successor Igor Tamm as head of the Lebedev Institute. He held until 1988 this position. In 2003 he was honored along with Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikossow and Anthony James Leggett for his fundamental work on superconductivity, the phenomenological Ginzburg - Landau theory, the Nobel Prize for Physics.
Private life
Vitaly Ginzburg was married from 1937 to 1946 with Olga samscha, whom he met while studying. With her he had a daughter, Irina Dorman born 1939. 1946 he married Nina Ivanovna Jermakowa and became the target of the MGB (Ministry for State Security ), although he (later CPSU ) was already since 1942 member of the Party of the VKP (b). The father of his wife had died in 1942 in an internment camp, his wife had himself been interned in 1944 for planning an alleged assassination attempt on Stalin and in 1945 released under strict conditions. It was not until 1956 - rehabilitated as part of a general amnesty - three years after Stalin's death.