Yoichiro Nambu
Yoichiro Nambu (Japanese南部 阳 一郎, Yoichiro Nambu, born January 18, 1921 in the prefecture of Tokyo) is an American physicist of Japanese origin. On October 7, 2008, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded.
Nambu studied at the University of Tokyo and received his PhD in 1952. He was a professor of physics at the City University of Osaka and then at the Enrico Fermi Institute at the University of Chicago, where he is Professor Emeritus today.
He became known in 1965 through the so-called Han - Nambu model that the color charge defined as additional curds property ( with Moo -Young Han, independently did so O. W. Greenberg). He is also known for the quantum field theoretical Nambu -Jona - Lasinio model (with Giovanni Jona- Lasinio ), shows the dynamic fracture of chiral symmetry and the BCS theory of superconductivity is modeled ( and later he worked on such models to the mass production to describe fermions ), and for early work on spontaneous symmetry breaking (sometimes the Goldstone boson is also Nambu - Goldstone boson called ) ( 1961).
By noting ( around 1970 ) that the dual resonance model of strong interactions can be explained by a quantum mechanical model of strings, he is considered one of the fathers of string theory. In string theory, the Nambu - Goto action of a bosonic string is named after him. In the late 1970s, he was also with string and topological excitations in quantum chromodynamics to find an explanation of the confinement behavior. Many more original ideas in elementary particle physics come from him.
He has won a number of awards and honors, including the Oppenheimer Prize in 1976, the National Medal of Science in 1982, the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, 1970, the Japanese Order of Culture in 1978, the Max Planck Medal in 1985, the Wolf prize 1994 /5, the Franklin medal, the Dirac Medal ( ICTP ) in 1986, the Sakurai prize in 1994 and the Pomeranchuk prize 2007.
Together with Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Masukawa the Nobel Prize in Physics was to him "for his discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in elementary particle physics " on 7 October 2008 awarded. Since it for health reasons at the ceremony in Stockholm could not attend himself, he received his medal and his Nobel diploma on 10 December 2008 during a ceremony at the Fermi Institute by the Swedish Ambassador Jonas Hafström. His Nobel Prize lecture was given by the Italian physicist Giovanni Jona- Lasinio.