Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
- ODS 15
- TOP 09 26
- KSČM 33
- CSSD 50
- ANO 47
- Úsvit 14
- KDU- CSL 14
- Group Lots 1
The Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: České Republiky Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu, abbreviated: PS PCR) is the lower house of the Czech Parliament.
Genesis
The House of Representatives was created on 1 January 1993 with the constitution of 1992 as the lower chamber of parliament with 200 deputies. It was created by renaming from the Czech National Council and is in the tradition of the House of Representatives of Czechoslovakia until 1939.
By 1996 the House of Representatives is de facto a unicameral parliament since the creation of the measures envisaged by the Constitution Senate had to be completed by the House of Representatives. Debates on the meaning and the fact that the House was inextricably to the establishment of the Senate, delayed this so that until 1996 held the first elections to the Senate.
Especially in foreign policy issues, the House of Representatives plays in the early years only a minor role, since it was not occupied by the appreciation from the regional to the national parliament with appropriate professionals. The uncertainty associated with the shortened election period and the division of the state and a lack of equipment weakened the work of parliamentarians in addition.
Tasks
Parliament's role is primarily to control the government and the adoption of laws. The deputies themselves have a legislative right of initiative ( any exclusive ). Laws are first approved by the House of Representatives. Thereafter, the draft law is submitted to the Senate. The Senate Refers negative position, it can be overruled by the House of Representatives by an absolute majority of all deputies. Only in key situations, the consent of both chambers is required. In this area in particular, include the adoption of constitutional laws, the electoral law, the election of the President, the proclamation of martial law or the sending of troops abroad. Also in some international treaties parliamentary approval is required. Furthermore, the Parliament proclaimed a state of war in the event of an enemy attack or when international military alliance obligations must be met.
The House of Representatives settled in three blocks of houses and palaces in Prague's Lesser Town.
Composition
- KSČM: 33
- CSSD: 50
- Úsvit: 14
- ANO: 47
- TOP 09: 26
- ODS: 16
- KDU: 14
Comprised of 200 elected House of Representatives is currently as follows:
After the departure of Jiri Pospisil from the ODS and ODS Group in February 2014 of the number of ODS mandatories be reduced to 15
A special feature of the Czech parliamentary system in comparison with other Central and Eastern European States, the existence of a strong Communist party, the KSČM. Unlike other former satellite states of the Soviet Union, this has not been transformed into a social democratic party or replaced by one, but is in addition to the Czech Social Democratic Party continues as represented parliamentary party. Reason, the " cleansing" after the Prague Spring, which were removed by progressive and reform-oriented forces of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Since the KSČM is considered coalition incapable, but gleichzeitigt resistant held 22-41 seats in the House of Representatives, this led to a divided opposition from Communists and Social Democrats, which was unable to form a clear alternative to the conservative- liberal camp. This situation also led to resistant wing struggles within the CSSD and a partly aggressive style of politics that party. This situation is exacerbated by the often very narrow majority ratios between the "left" and " right " political spectrum, which is one of the reasons for the constant instability of the Czech government. One consequence of this situation was the opposition agreement.
By 1996, the existence of the coalition as incompetent Republicans made it difficult to create a credible alternative to the government.
Choice
The House of Representatives is elected by a proportional representation method. The political parties put in the constituencies ( which correspond to the areas of the 14 regions ) candidate lists. There is a minimum threshold of 5 %. The votes are translated according to the D' Hondt method in mandates. The voter may grant two candidates a preferential vote. The minimum age of candidates is 21 years. Elections take place every four years.
The last parliamentary elections were held on 28-29. Of May 2010. The preliminary official results, according to the Czech Statistical Office is:
Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies
- Milan Uhde (ODS ) June 30, 1992 - June 27, 1996
- Miloš Zeman ( CSSD ) June 27, 1996 - July 17, 1998
- Václav Klaus (ODS ) July 17, 1998 - July 11, 2002
- Lubomir Zaorálek ( CSSD ) July 11, 2002 - August 14, 2006
- Miloslav Vlcek ( CSSD ) August 14, 2006 - April 22, 2010
- Miroslava Nemcova (ODS ) since April 22, 2010 (initially temporary basis, by election of the House of Representatives confirmed )