County of Hoya
Territory of the Holy Roman Empire
The county Hoya was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in the Lower Rhenish - Westphalian Circle predominantly west of the Middle Weser. According to her former eponymous district and today's integrated municipality was named.
- 3.1 Castles and fortresses
- 3.2 monasteries
History
The origin of the Counts of Hoya has survived only fabulously. For them, there are several variants. Their core is that a noble robber by Friesen - perhaps even Frisian origin - was expelled from the space between Oldenburg and today Wilhelmshaven and further south sought to build a new headquarters with rich booty, which he in conflict with the Bishop of Verden and the Count of Wunstorf came. Ultimately, he was able to settle on an island Weser with his newly built castle Hoya.
Is documented as the first Count of Hoya in 1202 a Henry in the wake of Archbishop Hartwig II of Bremen detectable. He led in 1215, 1219 and 1220 in its seals Although the two bear claws later Counts of Hoya, but with the inscription SIGILLVM HENRICI DE STVMPENHVS. Let the traditions suspect that his father not to from 1091 testified noble lords and counts of Stumpenhusen who had their castle at Wietzen belonged, but his mother was a sister of Count Widekind Stump Hausen (most recently in 1180 testifies ) was. Possibly was the father of Count Henry I of Hoya he who is called in the chronicle of the pin bending only " the Frisian " and built Hoya on the Weser island.
1205 were the lords of Hodenberg, protective stewards of the pin bending, by the Count of Hoya, with whom she had allegedly used displaced. 1215 saw the acquisition of free county Nienburg. That was the trigger for centuries of conflict with the bishopric of Minden that looked threatened his territory. Nevertheless, the Counts of Hoya expanded their territory over Liebenau, Steyer Mountain, Stolzenau, lamp and Diepenau further to the south. In 1338 they bought the county Altbruchhausen what later was followed by the acquisition of the county Neubruchhausen. At times, belonged to the county of Hoya also Thedinghausen, Wildeshausen and even the monastery Loccum. In its greatest extent, the territory of the county of Bremen handed in the north to the Bishopric of Minden in the south of the counties of Oldenburg and the Weser Diepholz in the west to the east. It thus covered almost the entire Middle Weser region and an area of 2250 square kilometers - about the size of present-day Saarland.
1345 the county between two brothers Count in the upper county ( Nienburger line) and the lower county ( Hoyaer line) was divided. To distinguish the gentlemen of the upper county " Count of Hoya " and the Lord of lower county " Graf von Hoya and Bruchhausen " called. The county was ruled jointly, important decisions were taken together. 1497 died from the Hoyaer line and fell to Nienburg.
The Hoyaer feud was a feud from 1351 to 1359 between the Hanseatic city of Bremen and the County of Hoya. The inhabitants weakened by plague Bremen had several years to more immigration from surrounding areas and former serf acquired after a year in Bremen citizens their freedom. 1356 claimed the Count of Hoya for some of his own people relocated - now free citizens - extradition, not granted Bremen. It came to the feud between Bremen and Hoya, which was supported by the Duke of Jülich. Bremen lost in 1358 in a clash at all, and had to pay high sums for his release prisoners.
The early 16th century began the decline of the county. The Counts of Hoya were - mainly by their military enterprises - debt. Furthermore, they were by their powerful neighbors, the dukes of Brunswick- Lüneburg harassed. In 1512 the county was occupied by the Welf dukes and the Graf family found refuge in their East Frisian relationship. 1519 were allowed to return and take their county repossess the counts. To this had to be paid and the county are taken from the neighboring dukes fief a large sum.
Already in 1523, Count Jobst II von Hoya known to the teachings of Luther, the reformer of the Adrian Buxschott sent in 1525 to Nienburg.
On February 25, 1582 died the last Count of Hoya, Otto VIII, on the castle Hoya, the ancestral home of the family. The county Hoya was divided among the Welf lines. These were later. Well as Electors and Kings of Hannover country gentlemen of the county Hoya 1866 was the county with Hanover to Prussia. Since 1946, the county of Hoya 's Low Saxon.
1932-1977 existed, the district county Hoya based in Syke. The Samtgemeinde Hoya renamed itself in 1979 in " Samtgemeinde county Hoya ", hence a relationship with the former county has been prepared. This name is retained after merger with Samtgemeinde Eystrup 2011.
Counts of Hoya
Reigns of the Counts of Hoya
- Old Line 1202-1345 1202-1235 Henry I
- 1235-1290 Henry II
- 1290-1313 Gerhard II
- 1313-1324 Otto II
- 1324-1345 Gerhard III. and John II
- Hoyaer line 1345-1497 ( lower county ) 1345-1383 Gerhard III.
- 1383-1428 Otto III.
- 1428-1451 Otto V.
- 1451-1497 Otto Friedrich VII and 1457-1503 ( jointly )
- Nienburger line 1345-1582 (1345-1497 Obergrafschaft ) 1345-1377 John II
- 1377-1426 Erich I.
- 1426-1466 Johann V.
- 1466-1507 Jobst I.
- 1507-1545 Jobst II
- 1545-1563 Albrecht II
- 1563-1575 Erich V.
- 1575-1582 Otto VIII
Count on Bishop chairs
- Bishopric of Verden: 1251-1269 Gerhard von Hoya
- 1407-1426 Heinrich von Hoya
- Bishopric of Minden 1253-1261 Wedekind Hoya
- 1397-1398 Gerhard von Hoya
- 1436-1473 Albrecht von Hoya
- Archbishopric of Bremen 1442-1463 Gerhard III. Hoya
- Diocese of Osnabrück 1410-1424 Otto von Hoya
- 1437-1442 Erich von Hoya
- 1450-1454 Albrecht von Hoya
- 1553-1574 John of Hoya
- Bishopric of Münster 1392-1424 Otto von Hoya
- 1450-1457 Erich I of Hoya
- 1566-1575 John of Hoya
- Diocese of Paderborn 1394-1399 John of Hoya
- 1568-1574 John of Hoya
- Diocese of Hildesheim 1398-1424 John of Hoya
Other personalities from the Graf house
- Hadewig of Hoya, 1363-1365 Abbess in Bassum
- Katharina von Hoya, abbess in Wienhausen 1412-1474
- Mechthild von Hoya, 1452-1467 Abbess in Wunstorf
- Margarethe von Hoya, 1541-1549 Abbess in Bassum
- Anna von Hoya, 1549-1584 Abbess in Bassum
- Johann VII of Hoya, since 1530 governor of Vyborg. Married to Margaret Wasa, sister of Gustavus Vasa.
County of Hoya
For county Hoya included the following main palaces, castles and monasteries. Castles and fortresses also served as the administrative seat of an office.
Castles and fortresses
- Altbruchhausen
- Barenburg
- Diepenau
- Drakenburg ( no office )
- Ehrenburg
- Freudenberg
- Harpstedt
- Hoya
- Liebenau
- Neubruchhausen ( no office )
- Nienburg
- Siedenburg
- Steyerberg
- Stolzenau
- Syke
- Thedinghausen
- Lamp
Monasteries
- Pin bending
- Pin Bassum
- Monastery Schinna
- Monastery Nendorf
- Monastery of the Holy Mountain
- Monastery Heiligenrode
Historical evidences of their work are the coins that have left us the Counts of Hoya. Their country was too small to introduce its own currency. You have therefore imitated coins neighboring mints.
First minting from about 1230 hollow pennies the counts that are similar to those of the City of Hamburg and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Only, the added in coin design your own coat of arms of the bear paws them apart from their role models. After a break to follow from the beginning of the seventies of the 14th century, the Sware who her role model in the simultaneous coins of the bishops of Münster. Later, the city of Bremen Sware be copied. At the end of the minting of the Counts of Hoya are the imitations of coins that characterizes a Wendischer coinage. It is the Hohlpfennig, Blaffert and Witte which are circulated as someone else's money in the county.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of the Counts of Hoya always showed two upright, outwardly facing, black bear paws.
Even the noble lords of Stumpenhusen, predecessor of the counts, led the bears paws on her shield. After the county fell to the Guelphs, they led the bear paws as a crest on its coat of arms. For example, at Duke Georg Wilhelm (1648-1705), which can still be seen in some places in the residence town of Celle.
Today the bear's paws can be found in the coats of arms of many municipalities in the territory of the former county Hoya. Often even a bear's paw. These are, inter alia, the counties Nienburg ( Weser) and Diepholz, the cities Nienburg / Weser, Hoya, Syke, Bassum and Sulingen, the joint communities Siedenburg, Bruchhausen- Vilsen, Eystrup, Kirchdorf, lamp, Heemsen, Marklohe as well as in the communities Maassen, Mellinghausen, Staffhorst, Steyer mountain, Stolzenau, stooping and Wietzen. In addition, take advantage of many organizations and associations which bear paws as an ornamental.
Seal Henry II of Hoya ( 1238 )
Seal of Otto II von Hoya (1320 )
Seal of Otto III. Hoya ( 1384 )
Seal of John of Hoya, Bishop of Hildesheim ( 1408 )
Seal Otto VIII of Hoya ( 1581)
Coat of Arms Samtgemeinde county Hoya
Coat of Arms Nienburg
City coat of arms Nienburg
City coat of arms Hoya
Coat of arms municipality of stooping
Coat town of Syke
Well known are the " Nienburger bear paws ", a biscuit, which created the Nienburger family Facompré. In many bakeries around Nienburg they become available.
In the city Nienburg the " Nienburger bear track " exists: 500 bear paws on the streets of Old show tourists the way to the sights.