Hossein Ala'
Hossein Ala (Persian حسین علاء; born December 13, 1881 in Tehran, † July 13, 1964 in Tehran ) was more than 60 years active in Iranian politics. He was several times minister in various cabinets and was in the period from March to April 1951 and from 1955 to 1957 Prime Minister of Iran. Hossein Ala had married Rodiye Garagozlou. She was among the first women of her generation who have got the chador and wore Western clothes. The marriage produced two children, a son and a daughter went out.
Life
Hossein Ala, was born in 1884. His father Mohammad Ali Khan Ala al - Saltaneh belonged to the political elite of Naser al -Din Shah. With four years of young Hossein accompanied his father to Russia, who was busy as an Iranian consular officer. Later the family moved to London. The father Hossein Alas was now become an Iranian ambassador in London. Hossein went to school in England and studied at the University of London Jura later.
The Early Years
After successfully passing the exam Hossein Ala began under his father to work as a Secretary at the Iranian Embassy in London. When his father returned to Iran and became Foreign Minister, he appointed his son as CEO of his office. Hossein Ala remained until 1915 at the Foreign Ministry.
In January 1918, Hossein Ala took over as the "Minister of Public Works " with the responsibility of all state construction projects his first ministerial post. 1919 Ala was a member of the Iranian delegation, which was sent by Ahmad Shah Qajar for the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to advance the Iranian reparation claims. The Iranian delegation, however, was not admitted to British pressure to go as an official delegation to the conference and had to return empty-handed return to Iran.
Back in Iran, Hossein Ala ran for a seat in the Iranian Parliament. Ala was chosen as a representative of Tehran in parliament and should be one of the four members who voted on October 31, 1925 against the abolition of the Qajar dynasty and appoint Reza Khan to Reza Shah Pahlavi. Hossein Ala spoke only briefly and stressed that the Parliament the right to the desired constitutional amendment could not and would run that brought the vote in Parliament motion on the Constitution. That Hossein Ala, in contrast to Mohammad Mossadegh, who also voted against the constitutional amendment, and later worked closely with Reza Shah and later, after his abdication, worked closely with Mohammad Reza Shah, by its size and its willingness to the good of the country over personal to provide vanities.
Ambassadors and ministers under Reza Shah
1927 Hossein Ala was again Minister of Public Works. A little later he was sent as a representative of Iran to the League of Nations. Before the League of Nations he argued the appeal against the Anglo - Persian Oil Company, Iran Reserve left only a vanishingly small share of the profits from oil production in Abadan. Reza Shah wanted to know renegotiated completed yet under Muzaffar al-Din Shah conveyor concession, and then reached even better in 1935 with the signing of a new concession contract concession conditions.
Back in Iran Hossein Ala 1931 was put in charge founded on the orders of Reza Shah Iranian National Bank. Until that time, led by the British Imperial Bank of Persia had printed the Iranian banknotes and thus virtually assumed the role of the Iranian National Bank.
Hossein Ala was next to his political posts in the social and cultural fields active. He was founding president of the Iranian Red Cross ( Red Lion and Sun), member of the Organizing Committee for the 1000 - year celebration Ferdosis birthday and twenty years later, Hossein Ala was a member of the Festival Committee of the later so heavily criticized 2500 anniversary of the Iranian monarchy.
1931 should Hossein Ala actually be sent as ambassador to London. The British government wanted Ala initially not confirm as ambassador in London. In the Foreign Office had not forgotten that Ala had occurred before the League against British interests in matters of APOC. Once it became clear that Reza Shah would make of the appointment Alas ambassador not reversed, this is relented and confirmed him 1934. After two years as an officially recognized Iranian ambassador in London Hossein Ala returned to Iran and was Minister of Economic Affairs.
Minister of the Court under Mohammad Reza Shah
After the abdication of Reza Shah in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Shah in 1941, Hossein Ala Court Minister was. For the next twenty years Hossein Ala should be the right hand of Mohammad Reza Shah. After the end of World War II Ala was sent as head of an Iranian delegation to the United Nations in New York. Ala informed the Security Council that Soviet troops were not as agreed deducted from Iran but illegally occupied the north of Iran, and supported a separatist movement in the course of this occupation. The United Nations and President Harry S. Truman Security Secretary Joseph Stalin put so much pressure that he gave in, and the Soviet troops withdrew from Iran.
Ambassador 1950
Hossein Ala remained as Iranian ambassador to the U.S. until 1950. Upon instruction of Mohammad Reza Shah, he sought the approval of the United States to an Iran's accession to NATO to gain, but already it failed, that Iran the means to a substantial contribution to the defensive alliance were missing.
Prime Minister 1951
After his return to Iran, Hossein Ala, after the assassination of Haj Ali Razmaras by members of the Islamist Fedayeen -e Islam on March 12, 1951 Prime Minister. Thus, Ala took over an office for which he had long been planned. Under Prime Minister Hossein Ala on March 15, 1951 A week after the assassination Razmaras parliament adopted the law on nationalization of the oil industry. On 20 March 1951, the Senate, the second chamber of Iran, the law agreed, and it came with the signature of Mohammad Reza Shah in power. On April 17, 1951, the Parliament Prime Minister Ala spoke with 77 yes - votes of 84 deputies present from the trust. On 30 April 1951, the National Iranian Oil Company ( NIOC ) was established to take over the production facilities and refineries of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in Iran and to continue the business of the skipped into the hands of the Iranian state oil industry.
The term of office Alas should end two months later, but already, since his government of Mohammad Mossadegh activity was sabotaged, with the support of the members of the National Front. The Iranian parliament had nationalized with the inauguration of Hossein Ala the British AIOC belonging to oil production and refining facilities in Abandan. The first task of Prime Minister Ala should be to work out together with a purpose-built parliamentary committee the implementation provisions of this Act and to negotiate with the British over compensation for nationalized assets.
Mossadegh designed a "nine -point plan " and put him without speaking only with Ala about the Parliament for a decision. Hossein Ala came with Mossadegh on how to proceed in dispute and but had to realize that he is not going to be able to govern against the votes of the Members of the National Front, supported Mossadegh. After only a few weeks in office, Ala resigned on 28 April 1951, making way for the new Prime Minister Mossadegh. Ala again took over the Hofministerium until Mossadegh ousted him from his office and by one of his followers, Abol Qasem Amini, replaced.
Prime Minister 1953
After the overthrow of Mossadegh Ala took over under the new Prime Minister Fazlollah Zahedi in December 1953 the Office of the Court Minister. After his resignation on April 7, 1955 Hossein Ala became prime minister for a second time. Barely in office, it came through the Fedayeen -e Islam to an assassination attempt on Ala. Ala was only slightly injured in the attack. He let pursue the radical Islamic group that was also with Khomeini in touch with all the forces and their leader, Navab Safavi arrest, try and execute.
In 1952, Turkey was admitted into NATO, so that the question of the accession of Iran decency to a Western-backed defense alliance again for discussion. In 1955 was made using the U.S. METO (Middle East Treaty Organization ), which was later renamed CENTO, founded in Iran then became a member. Back in 1959, entered Iraq but from this alliance, which considerably weakened its meaning.
Minister of the Court in 1955 and 1957
After two years as Prime Minister Hossein Ala resigned and Manouchehr Eghbal took office. Ala returned to his old office back as Minister of the Court. His most important task should be 1959 to negotiate a non-aggression pact in secret negotiations with the Soviet Union. After the U.S. government learned of these negotiations, wrote the U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower Mohammad Reza Shah that he would consider the conclusion of such an agreement between Iran and the Soviet Union as an unfriendly act. Negotiations were therefore discontinued. In return, the United States undertook to assist Iran in building modern armed forces.
The end came as Court Minister for Hossein Ala on June 5, 1963. Khomeini on June 3, 1963 his speech against the tyrant of our time (meaning Mohammad Reza Shah was ) held and was arrested on June 5. There had been violent demonstrations and Hossein Ala went that same day to Mohammad Reza Shah, to suggest to him that the incumbent Prime Minister Asadollah Alam should resign to make way for a government of national reconciliation. Mohammad Reza Shah was quite annoyed with this request and let Hossein Ala phone the next day to align that he no longer " should come into the ministry ." After this abrupt and bitter end of a many decades-long collaboration with the Shah Ala was nominated at the end of his political career of Mohammad Reza Shah as a member of the Senate.
On July 14, 1964 Hossein Ala died at the age of 82 years at his home in Tehran. He had served his country over 60 years of faithful.